Abstract：
:Human locomotion, as a behavioral system, is well suited for investigating the interplay of learning with innate biological mechanisms. The present work assembled, from previous findings, a test battery of operant conditioning to modify strong ongoing electromyographic (EMG) activity of the left tibialis anterior (TA), an ankle flexor muscle. An EMG segment 100-400 msec long had to occur within 700 msec, and (in different training regimens) with filtered amplitude both above and below different thresholds--all in response to a colored light that flashed at a designated time in the step cycle. Reinforcement was a high or low tone that indicated success or failure, respectively. All four subjects met training criteria (90% success rate) at a moderate amplitude, just as had been true previously for a relatively inactive knee extensor. Subject-specific limitations were found in operant control at higher and lower amplitudes. New learning was not disruptive, although ipsilateral swing duration increased, nor was it phase-dependent on any portion of the step cycle.
journal_name
Physiol Behavjournal_title
Physiology & behaviorauthors
Wetzel MC,Wetzel REdoi
10.1016/0031-9384(86)90130-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-01-01 00:00:00pages
41-51issue
1eissn
0031-9384issn
1873-507Xpii
0031-9384(86)90130-7journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Estrous synchrony was tested using 10 pairs of sibling female rats (Rattus norvegicus). A Monte Carlo bootstrap simulation was used to construct random control groups to avoid previous statistical errors and to test for significance when there are irregular cycles. The 10 pairs of females did not exhibit estrous synch...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(00)00395-4
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two peripheral signaling routes have been proposed to account for the ability of peripheral substances such as glucose to modulate memory processing in the brain. One possible signaling route is by crossing the blood-brain barrier to act directly on brain. A second route involves activation of peripheral nerves with r...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(02)00850-8
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia patients show a high rate of premature mortality due to suicide. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these suicidal behaviors in schizophrenia do not appear to involve serotonergic neurotransmission as found in the general population. Our aim was to develop an in vivo model of schizophrenia presenting s...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.002
更新日期：2016-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Temperature during embryogenesis determines sex and has been shown to influence other physiological traits in reptiles. The common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) is an ideal model for testing how temperature impacts behavior in species that display temperature-dependent sex determination. Behavioral assays are ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112875
更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Midbrain raphe lesions induced aggressive behavior which was characterized by defensive aggression rather than offensive aggression in nature. Furthermore, raphe-lesioned rats exhibited muricide. This muricide included not only mouse-killing but also mouse-eating behavior. Both dorsal and medial raphe lesioned (dm-R) ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(77)90166-4
更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The adult suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) express neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) that carries polysialic acid (PSA), a carbohydrate polymer which controls plastic cell-cell interactions in neural tissues. Expression of the three major isoforms of NCAM [180 (principal PSA carrier), 140, and 120 kDa) varies with deve...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(01)00468-1
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have demonstrated that nicotine (NIC) exhibits antidepressant-like effects. In addition, it has been suggested that sexual hormones participate in the antidepressant actions of antidepressives. The present study was designed to analyze the effect of orchiectomy and the supplementation of testosterone p...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2010.07.011
更新日期：2010-11-02 00:00:00
abstract：:Ten adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with hemicholinium (HC-3) using mini-osmotic pumps over a 14 day period through bilateral, chronically implanted cannulae in the nucleus basalis magnocellularis (nbm). Ten matched controls were infused in the same fashion with saline. HC-3 rats receiving implants demonst...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(87)90239-3
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple unit activity (MUA) was recorded from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) during copulatory behavior of freely moving male rats. Simultaneous accelerometric recordings of the copulatory pelvic thrusting performed by the male rat were taken to precisely correlate in time t...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00367-8
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Calorie restriction (CR) has been promoted to increase longevity. Previous studies have indicated that CR can negatively affect mood and therefore the effect of CR on mood and quality of life (QOL) becomes crucial when considering the feasibility of CR in humans. We conducted a three month clinical trial on CR (reduct...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.007
更新日期：2011-10-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of age and recurring stress responses on endogenous plasma arginine (ARG) concentrations were determined. Blood from catheterized young (3 months) and old (24 months) were used to ascertain the plasma concentrations of ARG under baseline conditions, during a 30-min immobilization experience and during a 3.5...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90083-r
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Voiding disorders in humans, particularly in children are associated with increased incidence of behavioral issues as well as past history of childhood abuse. We hypothesized that creating stress in mice, utilizing either a chronic social defeat model (SD) or restraint stress in shallow water model (RSSW) wo...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.02.021
更新日期：2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Compared were the light-dark pattern of absolute energy intake and macronutrient selection of male Wistar rats intracerebroventricularly infused with glucagon (5 ng/h) or saline for 7 days in a three-way selection of macronutrients. Glucagon infusion induced a decrease in 24 h and nocturnal energy intake, whereas no s...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)02108-6
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Olfactory preferences of two-week-old bottle-fed infants were assessed in a series of simultaneous two-choice tests. Infants of each sex displayed preferential orientation to a stimulus pad worn on their mother's breast over a clean control pad. When maternal breast odor was paired with the odor of the infants' formul...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(91)90413-i
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wrist motions (223-471)/5 min were measured during 17-32 days of continuous recordings made from human passengers as they traveled across zero to five time zones for business and pleasure. The travelers all exhibited daily cycles of activity and rest. The duration of daily activity, alpha, was 1.1 h less at the destin...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(94)90088-4
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of FLA 336 on the attack by resident groups of female mice on strange female intruders were assessed. This MAO-type A inhibitor clearly suppressed attack in treated subjects without producing major alterations in other activities but there was no clear dose-response relationship. The substance also increas...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90132-y
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats housed in social isolation postweaning (isolates) show profound behavioral and neurobiological differences when compared to socially housed rats (socials). Fischer rats (F344) relative to Lewis rats are hyperresponsive and significantly more susceptible to stressful stimuli. This investigation tested the hypothes...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00193-6
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pituitary-adrenal response of mother and infant squirrel monkeys was assessed under basal conditions and after 5, 10, or 20 min of separation followed by 30 min of reunion. All separation conditions produced equal increments of cortisol (approximately 50%) in both mothers and infants. These increments were lower t...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(85)90029-0
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Infusions of cholecystokinin (CCK) may exert their effects on appetite by inducing feelings of nausea or anxiety. In this double blind, placebo controlled crossover study, the impact of these effects on appetite were examined. Fifteen male subjects received a 20 min i.v. infusion of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8)...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(98)00169-3
更新日期：1998-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The P3(00) event-related brain potential (ERP) was elicited with an auditory discrimination paradigm under two response task conditions in which the probability of the target tone was always 0.20. Subjects either counted the occurrence of each target tone or pressed a button to the target in different conditions. No r...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(93)90018-b
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have reported binge-type consumption of solid vegetable shortening in non-food deprived rats maintained on schedules of limited shortening access. The current study determined if limited access would promote binge-type consumption of sucrose solutions. Adult male rats (6 groups, n = 10 each) were prov...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.05.002
更新日期：2007-11-23 00:00:00
abstract：:This study shows that the bacterial flora of the rat's vagina plays a role in the determination of female sexual attractivity. In the experiment described, the change in attractivity of a female rat was monitored during the estrous cycle by using a residential plus-maze. The time that male rats spent in the vicinity o...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(88)90359-9
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluoride ingestion has been linked to changes in behavior in mice and rats, related to dose, sex of the animal, and the timing of exposure. Previous studies have shown the behavior of female rats to be most affected by postnatal fluoride exposure, and in this study we determined the effects of postnatal fluoride expos...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.017
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Challenging animals with a demanding situation they are able to cope with and where they are rewarded may be a source of positive emotions and possibly of increased welfare. In order to test if this results in changes of immunological parameters and wound healing, 56 pigs (7-20 weeks of age), housed in groups of 8 ani...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.07.001
更新日期：2006-10-30 00:00:00
abstract：:To study the physiological roles of endogenous opioid peptides in drinking and feeding behaviors, the effects of water deprivation and fasting on plasma immunoreactive (IR) beta-endorphin (beta-end), IR-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and IR-Prolactin (Prl), pituitary IR-beta-end and IR-methionine-enkephalin (IR-Met-enk) a...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(86)90293-3
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Persistent autonomic disturbances following stressful events suggest that the rhythmical nature of homeostatic functioning may be disrupted by these experiences. We assessed the effects of two different stressors on circadian and ultradian rhythms of Long-Evans rats by using nonlinear multi-oscillator cosinor analysis...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(95)02012-8
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forty-two nondieting adult males were given 8 or 16 oz of lemonade, sweetened to equal intensity with either aspartame or sucrose, or the same volumes of water, or no drink. Subjects were separated into three groups receiving the drinks at different times: with a self-selection lunch, or 30, or 60 min before lunch. Fo...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0031-9384(90)90254-2
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three techniques were compared: automated recording (A) of 2 h of feeding activities conveyed to a computer by constantly connected electronic balances, videotaping (V) of a closeup of the head of a chick during a feed-pecking session analyzed by focal sampling at reduced speed (16 times slower), strength of pecking (...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(96)00535-5
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of fluoxetine on food intake, body weight, and mood of obese individuals was examined in a 16-week inpatient/outpatient study. Six male and eight female obese volunteers began the study (four male and five females completed all phases of the study). They lived in a residential laboratory during three one-w...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0031-9384(99)00020-7
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Binge eating disorders are characterized by discrete episodes of rapid and excessive food consumption. In rats, giving intermittent access to sweet fat food mimics this aspect of binge eating. These models typically employ solid food; however, the total amount consumed depends on motivation, palatability and satiety, ...
journal_title：Physiology & behavior
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.005
更新日期：2013-04-10 00:00:00
