Recombinant BDNF rescues deficits in basal synaptic transmission and hippocampal LTP in BDNF knockout mice.

abstract：:When learning to achieve a goal through a complex series of actions, humans often group several actions into a subroutine and evaluate whether the subroutine achieved a specific subgoal. A new study reports brain responses consistent with such "hierarchical reinforcement learning." ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Behrens TE,Jocham G

更新日期：2011-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in social preference of amphibian larvae result from sustained exposure to kinship odorants. To understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of this neuroplasticity, we investigated the effects of olfactory system activation on neurotransmitter (NT) expression in accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) interneurons...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Dulcis D,Lippi G,Stark CJ,Do LH,Berg DK,Spitzer NC

更新日期：2017-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The process by which neural circuitry in the brain plans and executes movements is not well understood. Until recently, most available data were limited either to single-neuron electrophysiological recordings or to measures of aggregate field or metabolism. Neither approach reveals how individual neurons' activities a...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Afshar A,Santhanam G,Yu BM,Ryu SI,Sahani M,Shenoy KV

更新日期：2011-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In this issue of Neuron, Katsuki and colleagues show that cell-autonomous mechanisms divide Drosophila axons into proximal and distal compartments. Axon guidance receptors selectively localize to one compartment. A diffusion barrier exists near the compartment boundary, suggesting that it may have properties like thos...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Wright AP,Zinn K

更新日期：2009-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the role of the entorhinal cortex in memory at a molecular level, we developed transgenic mice in which transgene expression was inducible and limited to the superficial layers of the medial entorhinal cortex, pre- and parasubiculum. We found that expression of a constitutively active mutant form of CaM...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Yasuda M,Mayford MR

更新日期：2006-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The enteric nervous system (ENS) in vertebrates is derived mainly from vagal neural crest cells that enter the foregut and colonize the entire wall of the gastrointestinal tract. Failure to completely colonize the gut results in the absence of enteric ganglia (Hirschsprung's disease). Two signaling systems mediated by...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Barlow A,de Graaff E,Pachnis V

更新日期：2003-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In response to changes in membrane potential, voltage-dependent ion channel proteins undergo conformational rearrangements that lead to channel opening. These rearrangements move a net charge, measured as "gating current", across the membrane. Here we characterize the effects of the pharmacological blocker 4-aminopyri...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： McCormack K,Joiner WJ,Heinemann SH

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine has been found to have rapid and long-lasting antidepressive effects. Two elegant studies from Hailan Hu's laboratory (Cui et al., 2018; Yang et al., 2018) showed that ketamine blocks burst firing of neurons in the lateral habenula (LHb), rapidly relieving ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Kim D,Cheong E,Shin HS

更新日期：2018-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexually dimorphic behaviors are likely to involve neural pathways that express the androgen receptor (AR). We have genetically modified the AR locus to visualize dimorphisms in neuronal populations that express AR. Analysis of AR-positive neurons reveals both known dimorphisms in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Shah NM,Pisapia DJ,Maniatis S,Mendelsohn MM,Nemes A,Axel R

更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Experience is a powerful sculptor of developing neural connections. In the primary visual cortex (V1), cortical connections are particularly susceptible to the effects of sensory manipulation during a postnatal critical period. At the molecular level, this activity-dependent plasticity requires the transformation of s...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Taha S,Hanover JL,Silva AJ,Stryker MP

更新日期：2002-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Arc/Arg3.1 is robustly induced by plasticity-producing stimulation and specifically targeted to stimulated synaptic areas. To investigate the role of Arc/Arg3.1 in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory, we generated Arc/Arg3.1 knockout mice. These animals fail to form long-lasting memories for implicit and expli...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Plath N,Ohana O,Dammermann B,Errington ML,Schmitz D,Gross C,Mao X,Engelsberg A,Mahlke C,Welzl H,Kobalz U,Stawrakakis A,Fernandez E,Waltereit R,Bick-Sander A,Therstappen E,Cooke SF,Blanquet V,Wurst W,Salmen B,Bösl

更新日期：2006-11-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Motor units comprise a pre-synaptic motor neuron and multiple post-synaptic muscle fibers. Many movement disorders disrupt motor unit contractile dynamics and the structure of sarcomeres, skeletal muscle's contractile units. Despite the motor unit's centrality to neuromuscular physiology, no extant technology can imag...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Sanchez GN,Sinha S,Liske H,Chen X,Nguyen V,Delp SL,Schnitzer MJ

更新日期：2015-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic homeostasis is a phenomenon that prevents the nervous system from descending into chaos. In this issue of Neuron, Frank et al. overturn the notion that synaptic homeostasis at Drosophila NMJs is a slow developmental process. They report that postsynaptic changes are offset within minutes by a homeostatic incr...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Macleod GT,Zinsmaier KE

更新日期：2006-11-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Yang et al. (2016) show that transplantation of GABAergic inhibitory neurons into the amygdala boosts the persistence of fear extinction in mice. Transplantation was found to degrade perineuronal nets on endogenous inhibitory neurons and enhance synaptic plasticity in host amygdala. ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Zheng X,Gandhi SP

更新日期：2016-12-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The performance of a task is often assumed to be a prerequisite for the learning of many tasks, including the associative conditioning of courtship in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Transgenic flies specifically inhibited for the enzyme protein kinase C dissociate the acquisition of learning and memory from p...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Kane NS,Robichon A,Dickinson JA,Greenspan RJ

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several plasma membrane chloride channels are well characterized, but much less is known about the molecular identity and function of intracellular Cl- channels. ClC-3 is thought to mediate swelling-activated plasma membrane currents, but we now show that this broadly expressed chloride channel is present in endosomal...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Stobrawa SM,Breiderhoff T,Takamori S,Engel D,Schweizer M,Zdebik AA,Bösl MR,Ruether K,Jahn H,Draguhn A,Jahn R,Jentsch TJ

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca(2+)-calmodulin (CaM) function was selectively disrupted in a specific subset of growth cones in transgenic Drosophila embryos in which a specific enhancer element drives the expression of the kinesin motor domain fused to a CaM antagonist peptide (kinesin-antagonist or KA, which blocks CaM binding to target protein...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： VanBerkum MF,Goodman CS

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane depolarization causes voltage-gated ion channels to transition from a resting/closed conformation to an activated/open conformation. We used voltage-clamp fluorometry to measure protein motion at specific regions of the Shaker Kv channel. This enabled us to construct new structural models of the resting/close...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Pathak MM,Yarov-Yarovoy V,Agarwal G,Roux B,Barth P,Kohout S,Tombola F,Isacoff EY

更新日期：2007-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In the precedence effect, sounds emanating directly from the source are localized preferentially over their reflections. Although most studies have focused on the delay between the onset of a sound and its echo, humans still experience the precedence effect when this onset delay is removed. We tested in barn owls the ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Nelson BS,Takahashi TT

更新日期：2010-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Incoming stimuli are encoded collectively by populations of cortical neurons, which transmit information by using a neural code thought to be predominantly redundant. Redundant coding is widely believed to reflect a design choice whereby neurons with overlapping receptive fields sample environmental stimuli to convey ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Nigam S,Pojoga S,Dragoi V

更新日期：2019-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The controversy about whether dopamine contributes to cell loss in Parkinson's disease takes a new turn as Mosharov et al. in this issue of Neuron demonstrate that Ca2+ influx through L-type channels elevates dopamine synthesis to potentially toxic levels in vulnerable ventral mesencephalon neurons. ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Surmeier DJ

更新日期：2009-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Memory and synaptic plasticity exhibit distinct temporal phases, with long-lasting forms distinguished by their dependence on macromolecular synthesis. Prevailing models for the molecular mechanisms underlying long-lasting synaptic plasticity have largely focused on transcriptional regulation. However, a growing body ...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Kelleher RJ 3rd,Govindarajan A,Tonegawa S

更新日期：2004-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Charybdotoxin (CTX) blocks high conductance Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels by binding to a receptor site in the externally facing "mouth." Toxin bound to the channel can be destabilized from its site by K+ entering the channel from the opposite, internal, solution. By analyzing point mutants of CTX expressed in E. coli,...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Park CS,Miller C

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slowly progressing disorder in which pathophysiological abnormalities, detectable in vivo by biomarkers, precede overt clinical symptoms by many years to decades. Five AD biomarkers are sufficiently validated to have been incorporated into clinical diagnostic criteria and commonly used in...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Jack CR Jr,Holtzman DM

更新日期：2013-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene expression may occur in unexpected ectopic sites when diverse genetic elements are juxtaposed as chimeric genes in transgenic mice. To determine the specific contribution of the promoter and reporter gene in ectopic expression, we have analyzed the expression of 14 different fusion genes in transgenic mice. Chime...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Russo AF,Crenshaw EB 3rd,Lira SA,Simmons DM,Swanson LW,Rosenfeld MG

更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMPA-type glutamate receptors (AMPARs) are responsible for a variety of processes in the mammalian brain including fast excitatory neurotransmission, postsynaptic plasticity, or synapse development. Here, with comprehensive and quantitative proteomic analyses, we demonstrate that native AMPARs are macromolecular compl...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Schwenk J,Harmel N,Brechet A,Zolles G,Berkefeld H,Müller CS,Bildl W,Baehrens D,Hüber B,Kulik A,Klöcker N,Schulte U,Fakler B

更新日期：2012-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:bHLH and LIM-HD transcription factors were originally thought to act at different stages of neurogenesis: bHLHs as neuronal "inducers" and LIM-HDs as postmitotic subtype determinants. These distinctions are becoming blurred, and a current study by Lee and Pfaff in this issue of Neuron shows that interaction between th...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Allan DW,Thor S

更新日期：2003-06-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipids are prominent components of the nervous system. Here we performed a large-scale mass spectrometry-based analysis of the lipid composition of three brain regions as well as kidney and skeletal muscle of humans, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and mice. The human brain shows the most distinct lipid composition: 76%...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Bozek K,Wei Y,Yan Z,Liu X,Xiong J,Sugimoto M,Tomita M,Pääbo S,Sherwood CC,Hof PR,Ely JJ,Li Y,Steinhauser D,Willmitzer L,Giavalisco P,Khaitovich P

更新日期：2015-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Curiously, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), seemingly disparate neurodegenerative disorders, can be inherited together. Two groups (DeJesus-Hernandez et al. and Renton et al.) show that the long sought after ALS/FTD mutation on chromosomal region 9p is a hexanucleotide expansion i...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Orr HT

更新日期：2011-10-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We determined the cellular substrate for male courtship behavior by quasinatural and artificial stimulation of brain neurons. Activation of fruitless (fru)-expressing neurons via stimulation of thermosensitive dTrpA1 channels induced an entire series of courtship acts in male Drosophila placed alone without any courti...

journal_title：Neuron

authors： Kohatsu S,Koganezawa M,Yamamoto D

更新日期：2011-02-10 00:00:00