Abstract:
:When learning to achieve a goal through a complex series of actions, humans often group several actions into a subroutine and evaluate whether the subroutine achieved a specific subgoal. A new study reports brain responses consistent with such "hierarchical reinforcement learning."
journal_name
Neuronjournal_title
Neuronauthors
Behrens TE,Jocham Gdoi
10.1016/j.neuron.2011.07.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-07-28 00:00:00pages
203-5issue
2eissn
0896-6273issn
1097-4199pii
S0896-6273(11)00599-Xjournal_volume
71pub_type
评论,杂志文章相关文献
NEURON文献大全abstract::Pletikos et al. (2014) demonstrate in this issue of Neuron that the human neocortex has an "hourglass" temporal gene expression pattern with robust and dynamic transcriptome differences during the prenatal and adolescent/adult periods. Similar changes are not observed in the nonhuman primate-is this what makes us huma...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.006
更新日期:2014-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::Cortical development depends upon tightly controlled cell fate and cell survival decisions that generate a functional neuronal population, but the coordination of these two processes is poorly understood. Here we show that conditional removal of a key apical complex protein, Pals1, causes premature withdrawal from the...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.019
更新日期:2010-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccinia virus can be used to infect cells in the CNS of frogs, Xenopus laevis, and Rana pipiens, both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo infections were accomplished by injection of viral solution into the tectal ventricle of stage 40-48 tadpoles or by local injections into distinct neural regions. Infections with high ti...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90211-2
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nearly 25 years ago, the shared interests of psychologists and biologists in understanding the neural basis of social behavior led to the inception of social neuroscience. In the past decade, this field has exploded, in large part due to the infusion of studies that use fMRI. At the same time, tensions have arisen abo...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.038
更新日期:2013-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::In a complex nervous system, neuronal functional diversity is reflected in the wide variety of dendritic arbor shapes. Different neuronal classes are defined by class-specific transcription factor combinatorial codes. We show that the combination of the transcription factors Knot and Cut is particular to Drosophila cl...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2007.10.031
更新日期:2007-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::Balance between excitation and inhibition (E-I balance) in neural circuits is believed to be tightly regulated. To the contrary, in this issue of Neuron, Bridi et al. (2020) reveal that inverse oscillations of synaptic inhibition and excitation lead to peaks and valleys in E-I balance across the 24 h day. ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.035
更新日期:2020-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::Visual experience before eye-opening is not usually thought to have any developmental significance. Here we show that naturalistic visual stimuli presented through unopened eyelids robustly activate neurons in the ferret dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. Further, dark-rearing prior to natural eye-opening has striking...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)01010-3
更新日期:2002-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::During the development of forebrain connectivity, ascending thalamocortical and descending corticofugal axons first intermingle at the pallial-subpallial boundary to form the internal capsule (IC). However, the identity of molecular cues that guide these axons remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the transmembr...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.05.020
更新日期:2014-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic plasticity during critical periods of development requires intact inhibitory circuitry. We report that subplate neurons are needed both for maturation of inhibition and for the proper sign of ocular dominance (OD) plasticity. Removal of subplate neurons prevents the developmental upregulation of genes involve...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.07.008
更新日期:2006-09-07 00:00:00
abstract::Spine Ca(2+) is critical for the induction of synaptic plasticity, but the factors that control Ca(2+) handling in dendritic spines under physiological conditions are largely unknown. We studied [Ca(2+)] signaling in dendritic spines of CA1 pyramidal neurons and find that spines are specialized structures with low end...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00573-1
更新日期:2002-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Action potentials initiate in the axon initial segment (AIS), a specialized compartment enriched with Na(+) and K(+) channels. Recently, we found that T- and R-type Ca(2+) channels are concentrated in the AIS, where they contribute to local subthreshold membrane depolarization and thereby influence action potential in...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.026
更新日期:2010-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::After synaptic vesicles (SVs) undergo exocytosis, SV pools are replenished by recycling SVs at nerve terminals. At Drosophila neuromuscular synapses, there are two distinct SV pools (i.e., the exo/endo cycling pool (ECP), which primarily maintains synaptic transmission, and the reserve pool (RP), which participates in...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00777-8
更新日期:2002-07-18 00:00:00
abstract::We have studied the expression of NGF receptor (NGFR) mRNA in the mouse trigeminal system at closely staged intervals throughout development. The level of NGFR mRNA per neuron is at a constant low level before the earliest axons reach the target field and increases 5-fold to plateau shortly after the arrival of the la...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90054-j
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The entire length of myelinated axons is organized into a series of polarized domains that center around nodes of Ranvier. These domains, which are crucial for normal saltatory conduction, consist of distinct multiprotein complexes of cell adhesion molecules, ion channels, and scaffolding molecules; they also differ i...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00628-7
更新日期:2003-10-09 00:00:00
abstract::Experience-dependent plasticity in the adult brain has clinical potential for functional rehabilitation following central and peripheral nerve injuries. Here, plasticity induced by unilateral infraorbital (IO) nerve resection in 4-week-old rats was mapped using MRI and synaptic mechanisms were elucidated by slice elec...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.024
更新日期:2012-05-24 00:00:00
abstract::The dynamic interactions between hippocampus and amygdala are critical for emotional memory. Theta synchrony between these structures occurs during fear memory retrieval and may facilitate synaptic plasticity, but the cellular mechanisms are unknown. We report that interneurons of the mouse basal amygdala are activate...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.08.024
更新日期:2015-09-23 00:00:00
abstract::Voltage-gated calcium channels couple depolarization of the cell-surface membrane to entry of calcium, which triggers secretion, contraction, neurotransmission, gene expression, and other physiological responses. They are encoded by ten genes, which generate three voltage-gated calcium channel subfamilies: CaV1; CaV2;...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.03.017
更新日期:2018-05-02 00:00:00
abstract::Vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptors hyperpolarize when illuminated. However, synaptic input from horizontal cells can depolarize cones and even elicit action potentials. Using the whole-cell tight-seal recording technique, we determined that, in solitary cones isolated from a lizard retina, action potentials can be...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90181-x
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this issue of Neuron, Fossati et al. (2016) report that through its domain structure, SRGAP2A, a Rho-GTPase-activating protein, can co-regulate excitatory and inhibitory synapse development, offering a putative evolutionary genetic mechanism for preserving excitatory/inhibitory balance during speciation. ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.07.008
更新日期:2016-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::During binocular rivalry, conflicting monocular images undergo alternating suppression. This study explores rivalry suppression by probing visual sensitivity during rivalry with various probe stimuli. When two faces engage in rivalry, sensitivity to face probes is reduced 4-fold during suppression. Rivaling global mot...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.10.027
更新日期:2006-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Existing models of Huntington's disease posit that deficits in BDNF delivery to the striatum contribute to atrophy and motor impairment. In this issue of Neuron, Plotkin et al. (2014) show that BDNF delivery is normal but downstream signaling via TrkB and p75 is impaired, leading to corticostriatal synaptic dysfunctio...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.06.009
更新日期:2014-07-02 00:00:00
abstract::In nerve terminals, residual Ca(2+) remaining from previous activity can cause facilitation of transmitter release by a mechanism that is still under debate. Here we show that the intracellular Ca(2+) sensitivity of transmitter release at the calyx of Held is largely unchanged during facilitation, which leaves an incr...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00085-0
更新日期:2003-03-06 00:00:00
abstract::Both the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) contribute to learned behavioral choice. Neurons in both structures that encode reward-predictive cues may underlie the decision to respond to such cues, but the neural circuits by which the BLA influences reward-seeking behavior have not been established...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.004
更新日期:2008-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Elevation of cAMP can overcome myelin inhibitors to encourage regeneration of the CNS. We show that a consequence of elevated cAMP is the synthesis of polyamines, resulting from an up-regulation of Arginase I, a key enzyme in their synthesis. Inhibiting polyamine synthesis blocks the cAMP effect on regeneration. Eithe...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00826-7
更新日期:2002-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::New technologies to probe the nervous system are propelling innovation and discovery at blinding speed, but are our trainees prepared to maximize this power? The growing role of engineering in research, such as materials, computing, electronics, and devices, compels us to rethink neuroscience education. Core technolog...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.03.029
更新日期:2015-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::TRPA1 is a promising target for the development of novel treatments for chronic pain. In this issue of Neuron, Liu et al. (2021) report a novel non-covalent TRPA1-biased agonist, GNE551, revealing a unique binding pocket by cryo-EM and activation properties that pave a path toward new avenues in the treatment of chron...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.12.017
更新日期:2021-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::In the brain, enormous numbers of neurons have functional individuality and distinct circuit specificities. Clustered Protocadherins (Pcdhs), diversified cell-surface proteins, are stochastically expressed by alternative promoter choice and affect dendritic arborization in individual neurons. Here we found that the Pc...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.02.005
更新日期:2014-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Social group dynamics are highly complex. In this issue of Neuron, Anpilov et al. use a novel wireless optogenetic device to demonstrate that the repeated stimulation of oxytocin neurons modulates pro-social and agonistic behaviors in a time- and context-dependent manner. ...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.07.027
更新日期:2020-08-19 00:00:00
abstract::Voluntary spatial attention concentrates neural resources at the attended location. Here, we examined the effects of spatial attention on spatial position selectivity in humans. We measured population receptive fields (pRFs) using high-field functional MRI (fMRI) (7T) while subjects performed an attention-demanding ta...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014.08.047
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive maps are encoded in the hippocampal formation and related regions and range from the spatial to the purely conceptual. Neural mechanisms that encode information into relational structures, up to an arbitrary level of abstraction, may explain such a broad range of representation. Research now indicates that s...
journal_title:Neuron
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.10.006
更新日期:2018-10-24 00:00:00