Abstract:
RATIONALE:Glucose administration may decrease desire to smoke in abstinent smokers. Moreover, glucose administration has been associated with improved performance on measures of attention in healthy humans but evidence remains modest. OBJECTIVE:The present study aimed to determine whether reported craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms can be relieved, and sustained attention on the Rapid Visual Information Processing (RVIP) task improved, with the administration of 12 g oral glucose in nicotine-deprived smokers. METHODS:Forty-one smokers, abstinent for 12 h, participated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study to examine the effect of glucose on desire to smoke, withdrawal symptoms, and attention. Participants completed the RVIP task once and then rated craving and nicotine withdrawal symptoms before chewing four 3 g glucose tablets (experimental group) or four matched placebo tablets (control group). Following tablet consumption participants rated craving and withdrawal symptoms at 5-min intervals for 20 min. Subsequently a second RVIP task was performed, followed by a final rating of craving and withdrawal symptoms. RESULTS:Any effect of glucose across time was not statistically significant on craving, withdrawal symptoms, or performance on the RVIP task. There were no differences between the groups in measures of 'satisfaction' or 'sickness'. CONCLUSION:The present study failed to find a significant effect of 12 g oral glucose on tobacco craving, withdrawal symptoms, or sustained attention in relatively young tobacco smokers after 12 h of tobacco abstinence.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Harakas P,Foulds Jdoi
10.1007/s00213-002-1035-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-05-01 00:00:00pages
271-7issue
3eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
161pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:BACKGROUND:Opioid neurotransmission mediates hedonic value of sweet tastants; their intake may be exaggerated by the consumption of exogenous opioids (e.g., opioid dependence). Sweet Taste Test (STT) is a validated quantitative instrument assessing taste perception and hedonic features of sugar (sucrose) using a random...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2503-1
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) that selectively inhibit the MAO-A or MAO-B forms of MAO were studied in rats performing under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate 72-s (DRL 72-s) schedule of reinforcement. Clorgyline and CGP11'305A, irreversible and reversible MAO-A inhibitors, respectively, i...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00177554
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Active uptake of serotonin by blood platelets of acute schizophrenic patients has been compared to that of a control group. Preliminary results presented in this article indicate that the uptake of the schizophrenic patients was about 40% lower than that of controls. Patients were followed over a period of 5 weeks wit...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00496061
更新日期:1979-08-08 00:00:00
abstract::the immediate posttrial injection of oxotremorine (0.250 mu Mol/kg, IP) can facilitate the retention of a passive-avoidance response in mice. After the administration of alfa-methyl-p-tyrosine methylester (alpha-MPT) by intracerebroventricular injection at doses that had no effect on retention (100 microgram, 10 micro...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433098
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is commonly believed that repeated exposures diminish the pleasurable effects of drugs and hence that pleasure must have only a minor role in addiction. In six experiments with rats, repeated exposures to amphetamine, morphine, or cocaine were found to enhance the drug-induced rewarding effect as measured by condit...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00451687
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The concentration of kynurenine in plasma from depressed patients and control subjects has been measured using a sensitive and specific method. The levels of kynurenine in the plasma of depressed patients and controls are not significantly different and are not influenced by age or sex. The severity of affective distu...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426632
更新日期:1978-12-08 00:00:00
abstract::In order to study trends in smoking withdrawal symptoms, 35 participants in a smoking cessation clinic completed four questionnaires daily for 2 weeks. The questionnaire dealt with a variety of symptoms which a factor analysis showed could be grouped into four factors: stimulation, desire to smoke, and physical and ps...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00634151
更新日期:1976-10-20 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Second-generation antipsychotics are the first-line medications prescribed for schizophrenic patients; however, some of them, such as olanzapine and risperidone, may induce metabolic dysfunctions during short-term treatment. Metformin is an effective adjuvant that attenuates antipsychotic-induced metabolic dy...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05524-w
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amitriptyline and zimelidine significantly reduce the uptake of 5-HT into the blood platelets of depressive patients. The degree of inhibition is significantly correlated with the plasma drug level of amitriptyline. No significant relationship could be detected between the degree of inhibition of uptake and therapeuti...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00429689
更新日期:1979-05-25 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of 6-OHDA lesions of dopamine terminals within the amygdala were investigated on i) (+) amphetamine-induced locomotor hyperactivity and ii) the acquisition of intravenous self-administration of (+) amphetamine. The lesioned rats exhibited increased locomotor activity in response to (+) amphetamine (0.75 an...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00176851
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of benzodiazepine (BZ) antagonists on operant behavior were examined in rats chronically administered a low dose of diazepam (DZ). The low maintenance dose of DZ (5 mg/kg twice daily) was selected as more closely associated with its anxiolytic effects than the higher treatment doses previously used to stud...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244103
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Lithium is the most widely prescribed mood stabilizer, but the precise mechanism of lithium is unresolved. OBJECTIVE:We examine the effects of the administration of therapeutically relevant concentrations of lithium on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, Trk B, as wel...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100871
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Primiparous rats received 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, or 1.50 mg d-amphetamine/kg body weight, injected IP, when offspring reached 3-4 and 10-11 days of age. A multidimensional analysis of their maternal behavior revealed that at doses as low as 0.25 mg/kg, amphetamine had a disruptive effect on mother-pup intercontact interval...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00435314
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscimol, a structural analog of GABA, significantly potentiated pilocarpine-induced analgesia in rats, but failed to alter pilocarpine-induced catalepsy. It also failed to affect pilocarpine-elicited increase in homovanillic acid levels in the striatum. These findings suggest that the potentiation of pilocarpine-indu...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00432756
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Drug development is a high-risk and high failure enterprise, and studies that provide an early read on the pharmacodynamic activity of novel compounds could save time and money, increasing the efficiency of the drug development process. OBJECTIVE:Preclinical and clinical experiments were designed to examine ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2456-4
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure to 10 min of footshock stress (1 mA; 0.5 s on, with a mean off period of 40 s) reinstated heroin-seeking behavior in heroin-experienced, drug-free rats after many sessions of extinction and up to 6 weeks after last exposure to heroin. In reinstating the behavior, the footshock mimicked the effect of a non-con...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246300
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of the intravenous administration of ergot alkaloids on epileptic responses to intermittent photic stimulation )IPS) has been studied in adolescent baboons, Papio papio, from Senegal. Ergocornine, 1--2 mg/kg, produced marked autonomic and behavioural effects, slowed the EEG, and abolished myoclonic response...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426958
更新日期:1978-04-14 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Consistent sex differences are observed in human drug addiction, with females often exceeding males on drug intake. However, there is still a need for animal models for some aspects of addiction such as acquisition of drug self-administration and the subsequent development of drug-seeking. OBJECTIVES:The pre...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-015-4183-8
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute and chronic effects of ethosuximide (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg), phenytoin (2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg/kg), clonazepam (0.25, 0.5, and 0.75 mg/kg), and valproic acid (40, 80, and 120 mg/kg) were examined in pigeons performing under a delayed-matching-to-sample procedure. Acute administration of clonazepam or valproic acid p...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00180828
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats chronically treated with increasing daily doses of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) for up to 5 or 10 days exhibit a withdrawal-like behavioural response when challenged with clomipramine, a potent inhibitor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) reuptake, at the time when the next injection of delta 9-THC ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431112
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients received caerulein, a potent analogue of cholecystokinin octapeptide, in a fixed- and rising-dose schedule. In addition, neuroleptic-treated patients received a single dose of the peptide with a 4-week follow-up. No significant change in mental status was observed after any of t...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00180843
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist under development in the United States as a sublingual medication for treatment of opioid dependence. Buprenorphine may be abused; therefore, tablets combining buprenorphine with naloxone have been developed with the intent of reducing the abuse risk in people phy...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050066
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to involve hypofunctional catecholamine systems in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, recent clinical evidence has implicated glutamate dysfunction in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Recent studies show that increased ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3479-4
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dose-related effects of ethanol (placebo, 0.30, and 0.60 g/kg) on behavioral and event-related brain potential (ERP) indices of involuntary attention shifting of audition were investigated. ERPs were recorded from 11 healthy social drinkers during a forced-choice reaction-time (RT) task. Subjects were presented with 1...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130050801
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that glucose enhances memory in rodents and humans. The present experiment investigated the effects of glucose on memory performance and blood glucose changes in young adults (19-25 years). Subjects ingested (300 ml beverage) three doses of glucose (0, 30, 100 g) in a random, double-blind, tripl...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02244373
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rats were made hyperphagic by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injected bilaterally into the ventral midbrain; then they were restricted to a 6 h/day feeding schedule and tested for appetite suppression with amphetamine and fenfluramine in randomized order. Amphetamine anorexia was diminished while fenfluramine anorexia was...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426393
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) or the vehicle was administered once into both lateral ventricles of the rat. Desmethylimipramine (DMI) was administered IP prior to the intraventricular injection of 5,7-DHT to prevent the destruction of norepinephrine (NE) terminals. Following recovery from surgery, ethanol (5 g/kg,...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431969
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of the antiepilepsy drugs methsuximide and mephenytoin were examined in pigeons responding under a fixed-consecutive-number (FCN) schedule with and without an added external discriminative stimulus. On this schedule, food was delivered whenever subjects responded between 8 and 12 times on one response key ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00174512
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline (AMI), imipramine (IMI), chlorimipramine (CMI) and some of their metabolites was studied in vitro in isolated liver microsomes of female Spraque-Dawley rats. Nine metabolites of AMI, seven metabolites of IMI, and 11 metabolites of CMI were quantitatively de...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00178516
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerfully addictive stimulant associated with serious health conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of oxidative stress in METH-induced behavioral abnormalities. Sulforaphane (SFN), found in cruciferous vegetables, is a potent antioxidant. It is of interest to determine...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2619-3
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00