Abstract:
:The metabolism of the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline (AMI), imipramine (IMI), chlorimipramine (CMI) and some of their metabolites was studied in vitro in isolated liver microsomes of female Spraque-Dawley rats. Nine metabolites of AMI, seven metabolites of IMI, and 11 metabolites of CMI were quantitatively determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. The main metabolic reactions, mediated by an NADPH generating system, were hydroxylation, demethylation, and N-oxidation. The ratio of these reactions was different for the three drugs. AMI was hydroxylated more than CMI and CMI more than IMI. The order for demethylation was CMI greater than AMI = IMI, the order for N-oxidation IMI greater than CMI less than or equal to AMI. The substrate dependence of metabolism was investigated. Demethylation and N-oxidation increased proportionally to increasing substrate concentrations, whereas formation of hydroxylated metabolites became saturated (in the concentration range of 10(-6)-10(-5) M). The in vitro metabolism was compared with the in vivo metabolism in humans, reflected by the plasma concentrations of these drugs and their metabolites. A good agreement in metabolic pathways was found.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Krüger R,Hölzl G,Kuss HJ,Schefold Ldoi
10.1007/BF00178516subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-01-01 00:00:00pages
505-13issue
4eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
88pub_type
杂志文章abstract::This study describes specific behaviours in guinea-pigs after dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptor activation which differed to those described in other rodent species. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of the dopamine D-2 receptor agonist quinpirole (1.5, 3 and 6 mg/kg) to guinea-pigs dose-dependently initiated locomotor ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244179
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocyte beta adrenergic receptor binding using [125I]CNP was determined in patients with panic disorder (N = 4) or agoraphobia with panic attacks (N = 17) and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (N = 22). The patients showed a significantly lower number of beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites and a significantl...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00735875
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Risperidone, a new antipsychotic agent, was studied for its effects on spontaneous motor activity in rats in comparison with haloperidol. Motor activity was recorded via the optical scanning technique (horizontal and vertical activity) and via a recently developed technique based on the piezo-electric principle which,...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00172961
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients received bromocriptine and eight schizophrenic patients received CF 25-397, both ergot derivatives with dopamine agonist activity. Psychosis failed to improve in response to either drug at the relatively low doses administered. Unlike the antipsychotic property of apomorph...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF00428312
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discriminative stimulus effect of midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, was used for testing the effects of drugs thought to act as antagonists at different sites in the proposed benzodiazepine receptor complex. Rats were trained in a standard two-bar operant conditioning procedure with food reinforcers delive...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00310626
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Previous experiments have shown that d-amphetamine disrupts timing behaviour in rats. It has been proposed that d-amphetamine's effects reflect a reduction in the period of the pacemaker of the hypothetical internal clock. However, some studies have obtained conflicting results. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effe...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000422
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of 5-HT1 receptor agonists to modulate a chemically induced defence response has been studied in Lister hooded rats. Microinjections of the excitatory amino acid D,L-homocysteic acid (DLH) in both rostral and caudal dorsal periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) caused explosive motor behaviour characteristic of ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245294
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Traumatic events are associated with alcohol use problems with increased alcohol craving as a potential mediator. There is still a lack of knowledge regarding the causal nature of this association and its underlying mechanisms. This study investigated the effects of acute trauma exposure on alcohol craving i...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-4979-4
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The experience of strong traumata leads to the formation of enduring fear memories that may degenerate into post-traumatic stress disorder. One of the most successful treatments for this condition consists of extinction training during which the repeated exposure to trauma-inducing stimuli in a safe environme...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5000-y
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of behaviors were studied in an open-field setting after i.v. amphetamine (0.5, 2.0, 8.0 mg/kg), phenmetrazine (1.0, 4.0, 16.0 mg/kg), or fenfluramine (1.0, 4.0, 16.0 mg/kg). Amphetamine and phenmetrazine increased ambulation initially and rearing during the whole experiment, and decreased grooming. At 30 an...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01457847
更新日期:1977-12-19 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Rats selectively bred for high saccharin (HiS) intake consume more alcohol and acquire intravenous (i.v.) cocaine self-administration more rapidly than their low saccharin (LoS)-consuming counterparts. The present experiment was designed to determine whether HiS and LoS rats differed in other aspects of drug ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0600-3
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The central effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) are discussed controversially. In animal models, it has been shown that ASA can interact with the central serotonergic and catecholaminergic neuronal system. However, the relevance of this interaction for humans is still unknown. We performed a study on the influence o...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s002130050683
更新日期:1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A modified hyponeophagia test is described as an animal model of anxiety. The effects of 0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10 mg/kg diazepam, given both acutely and for 7 days pretest, were assessed in rats. Acutely, diazepam reduced hyponeophagia over the dose range 0.3-3.0 mg/kg but 10.0 mg/kg produced sedation and large variabi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433744
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diazepam-sensitive (DS) and -resistant (DR) mice were selectively bred for increased and reduced sensitivity to the ataxic effects of diazepam (40 mg/kg). Other response differences between DS and DR mice may reflect pleiotropic effects of the genes fixed during their selection. These mice were tested for their sensit...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244976
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Amphetamine administration has been found to affect the degree of cerebral dominance for motor control in animals. In humans, cerebral dopamine neurotransmission is also correlated to motor dominance. Since language dominance is related to motor dominance, amphetamine might also affect cerebral dominance for ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0176-3
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Calcineurin is a protein regulating cytokine expression in T lymphocytes and calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) are widely used for immunosuppressive therapy. It also plays a functional role in distinct neuronal processes in the central nervous system. Disturbed information processing as seen...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05751-1
更新日期:2020-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::Ibogaine is currently being investigated for its potential use as an anti-addictive agent. In the present study we sought to determine whether prior morphine exposure influences the ability of ibogaine to inhibit morphine-induced locomotor stimulation. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated once a day for 1-4 days...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02246495
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Sensory and sensorimotor gating deficits are observed in schizophrenia. GABA(B) receptor deficiency is also detected in the hippocampus of schizophrenic patients. OBJECTIVES:The present study tested the hypothesis that GABA(B) receptors in the hippocampus contribute to paired-pulse gating of hippocampal audi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2274-8
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Relapse to drug-seeking in abstinent heroin addicts and reinstatement in experimental animals are observed when exposed to drug-associated stimuli or cues, the drug itself, and stressful events. It has been shown that footshock-induced stress increases the rewarding effects of opiates, delays extinction, and ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0345-z
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method was used to compare the effects of the acute administration of cocaine by two different routes, intravenous and intraperitoneal, on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in freely moving rats. Doses were initially chosen on the basis of their ability to elicit equivalent increases ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244931
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The synthetic progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), widely used in hormone therapy (HT) and as the contraceptive Depo Provera, is implicated in detrimental cognitive effects in women. Recent evidence in aged ovariectomized (Ovx) rodents shows that short-term MPA treatment impairs cognition and alters t...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2322-4
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The anorectic activity of the d and l isomers of d-fenfluramine (d-FF) (l-FF) were compared with d-amphetamine (d-amp) when given separately and together in 12 healthy male volunteers. The study was double blind and placebo controlled. Food intake was measured using an automated food dispenser. Anorectic activity was ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/BF02801976
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phase of highly focused, repetitive behavior (stereotypy) induced by amphetamine in rats emerges after an initial period of locomotor activation. To assess the neuronal correlates of this behavioral transition, single-unit activity was recorded from the dorsal striatum of awake, unrestrained rats. Units were first...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050249
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Recently we demonstrated that genetic or pharmacological suppression of the central ghrelin signaling system, involving the growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1A (GHS-R1A), lead to a reduced reward profile from alcohol. As the target circuits for ghrelin in the brain include a mesolimbic reward pathway t...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-1907-7
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Limited access nicotine self-administration decreases hippocampal neurogenesis, providing a mechanism for the deleterious effects of nicotine on hippocampal neuronal plasticity. However, recent studies have shown that limited access nicotine self-administration does not exhibit key features of nicotine depend...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3685-0
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two behaviors related to nonreward (omission of water in an enclosure where the rats were habituated to drink) were studied. The time spent licking the bottles during water omission and the time spent drinking during a subsequent 5-min drinking session (water available) were recorded. The drinking session was performe...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00428038
更新日期:1978-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder characterized, in part, by impaired dopamine signaling. TAK-063 is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 10A, a key regulator of intracellular signaling pathways that is highly expressed in the striatum. OBJECTIVE:Safety, tolerability, and pharmacokin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4412-9
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The efficacy of methadone for treating heroin dependence derives, in part, from suppression of opiate withdrawal and attenuation of the effects of heroin. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of this double-blind, within-subject, inpatient study was to determine whether larger doses of methadone, which are more effective ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1027-0
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Model psychosis is characterised by experimentally induced symptoms of withdrawal from reality, frequently accompanied by perceptual disturbances, thought disorders, delusional ideas and sometimes by hallucinations. These "altered states of consciousness" provide a long-standing and valid approach to enhan...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1591-7
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-nine subjects performed a reaction time task with four levels of choice-task complexity under non-smoking, sham smoking, and low, medium and high nicotine cigarette conditions. Nicotine reduced decision time, while sham smoking increased decision time. This effect was independent of subjects' habitual levels of...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244860
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00