Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Model psychosis is characterised by experimentally induced symptoms of withdrawal from reality, frequently accompanied by perceptual disturbances, thought disorders, delusional ideas and sometimes by hallucinations. These "altered states of consciousness" provide a long-standing and valid approach to enhance our understanding of certain aspects of schizophrenia. DISCUSSION:Targeting the endocannabinoid system to investigate its involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia became increasingly relevant with the discovery of this system and amounting epidemiological evidence for a deleterious influence of cannabis use on both manifestation and course of the disease. The majority of studies in the field are targeted to investigate drug effect of cannabis and cannabinoids not immediately related to psychosis. CONCLUSION:In this review, we summarise studies relevant for or designed as model psychosis experiments. Based on the data available, we examine the contribution of these studies to an improved neurobiological assessment of endocannabinoid functioning in psychosis and schizophrenia. An outline for future studies in the field and cross-links to other approaches to model psychosis is provided.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Koethe D,Hoyer C,Leweke FMdoi
10.1007/s00213-009-1591-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-01 00:00:00pages
551-61issue
4eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
206pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The effects of six putative dopamine receptor agonists on exploratory behaviour in rats were assessed: pergolide, (+)- and (-)-3-PPP, bromocriptine, mesulergine and CQ 32-084. Behaviour was automatically recorded in a holeboard apparatus and the data were analysed by the novel multivariate statistical method of partia...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00217053
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of bilateral nucleus accumbens microinjections of d-ala-met-enkephalinamide (DALA) were assessed in behavioral activation and lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation (LHSS) rate-frequency curve-shift paradigms in normal and accumbens 6-OHDA (4.0 micrograms) treated rats. Microinjections of DALA (2.5 microgra...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244999
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has strongly influenced research on learning and memory over the last decade. However, there has been limited success treating AD dementia with cholinomimetics. Furthermore, there are indications that other neurotransmitter systems affected by this disease may be ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02247440
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Endogenous opioid systems within the mesencephalic periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) appear to be intricately involved in many affective, defensive, submissive, and reflexive responses, and these systems are activated by aversive stimuli. OBJECTIVES:The present experiments evaluated the influence of opioid re...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130051101
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Although both contain behaviourally significant concentrations of caffeine, tea is commonly perceived to be a less stimulating drink than coffee. At least part of the explanation for this may be that theanine, which is present in tea but not coffee, has relaxing effects. There is also some evidence that thean...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0938-1
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Salvinorin A is the active component of the hallucinogenic plant Salvia divinorum. The potential mode of action of this hallucinogen was unknown until recently. A recent in vitro study detected high affinity and efficacy of salvinorin A at kappa-opioid receptors. It was postulated that salvinorin A would prod...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1638-0
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Fluoxetine (Prozac®) is the most frequently prescribed drug to battle depression in pregnant women, but its safety in the unborn child has not yet been established. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, crosses the placenta, leading to increased extracellular serotonin levels and potentially n...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-011-2299-z
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The circumstances of drug taking are thought to play a role in drug abuse but the evidence of it is anecdotal. Previous studies have shown that the intravenous self-administration of cocaine is facilitated in rats non-residing in the test chambers relative to rats that live in the test chambers at all times. ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1154-3
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peripheral administration of the unsulphated cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8us) led to an anxiogenic-like action in the elevated plus-maze model of anxiety in rats. Devazepide and L-365,260 showed potent anxiolytic-like effects at similar doses. The fact that devazepide is 1000 times more potent as a CCK-A receptor...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244646
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is thought to involve hypofunctional catecholamine systems in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, recent clinical evidence has implicated glutamate dysfunction in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Recent studies show that increased ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3479-4
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of intra-amygdala injections of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on memory and exploratory behavior in rats were examined in the present study. Rats with chronically implanted cannulae received intra-amygdala injections of vehicle or CRF at a dose of 0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 micrograms, either immediately afte...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00177566
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholecystokinin (CCK) and dopamine (DA) coexist in both cell body and terminal areas of a mesolimbic pathway that projects from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (N ACC). Autoradiography reveals extensive CCK binding sites in the N ACC, but not in the VTA. However, iontophoresis of CCK into the...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00445571
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Different venlafaxine doses (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) and saline solution were administered to ten male Wistar rats (Latin-Square design). Compared with saline, venlafaxine produced a dose-related suppression of REM sleep and an increase in wake time while slow wave sleep was reduced. This effect is similar to the one that...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050194
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Ecstasy is a commonly used psychoactive drug with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) as the main content. Importantly, it has been suggested that use of MDMA may be neurotoxic particularly for serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) neurons. In the past decades, several molecular imaging studies exami...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4396-5
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A theory of acute tolerance to alcohol is proposed that includes two assumptions: 1) acute tolerance is a linear process with time, and 2) the slope of the line is a measure of the magnitude of the acute tolerance effect. Evidence that supports the validity of the theory is presented both from studies in which blood a...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02245438
更新日期:1994-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Antidepressants are known to modify human sleep patterns. OBJECTIVES:Duloxetine is a new antidepressant with a mechanism of action involving reuptake inhibition of both serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). In this study, the effects of two dosing regimens of duloxetine on sleep electroencephalography (E...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1961-0
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Marijuana intoxication appears to impair response inhibition, but it is unclear if impaired inhibition and associated brain abnormalities persist after prolonged abstinence among adolescent users. We hypothesized that brain activation during a go/no-go task would show persistent abnormalities in adolescent m...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0823-y
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have demonstrated a paradoxical form of antinociception induced by the repeated administration of opioid antagonists accompanied by exposure to a painful stimulus. The underlying mechanism of this naloxone-induced antinociception (NIA) is still unknown, but the results of several studies suggest that i...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245234
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a test of conditioned punishment, saline-treated controls showed a moderate bias in responding away from a lever producing a response-contingent auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) that had been paired with mild footshock during training and towards a lever producing a neutral auditory CS. Systemic treatment with th...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050174
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments were carried out on pigeons to assess the effects of acute ethanol (ETOH) administration on a delayed pair comparison procedure. ETOH disrupted performance at the two higher doses (1.0 and 2.0 g/kg, given orally). When the initial (zero delay) performance levels of treated and untreated birds were equa...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00434411
更新日期:1980-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05605-w
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130051009
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Spontaneous fluctuations in the size of the pupil in darkness are a recognized index of sleepiness, and these fluctuations can be quantitatively measured using the pupillographic sleepiness test (PST). The central noradrenergic system is believed to play a role in the maintenance of alertness, and there is ev...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130000398
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Previous observations revealed that defeated and subsequently individually housed rats do not display behavioral anticipatory responses to the conditioned presentation of a bell/light stimulus associated with free access to a 5% sucrose solution reward. The absence of the appetitive responses suggests a decre...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1093-3
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 2-[14C]deoxyglucose method was used to compare the effects of the acute administration of cocaine by two different routes, intravenous and intraperitoneal, on rates of local cerebral glucose utilization in freely moving rats. Doses were initially chosen on the basis of their ability to elicit equivalent increases ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244931
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that tolerance to the hypothermic effect of ethanol fails to develop if rats are denied the unconditional stimulus represented by hypothermia. In both experiments, rats were injected with either ethanol (1.9 or 2.5 g/kg) or saline and given microwave hyperthermia (...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00175187
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amphetamine (AMP) administered in high doses suppresses feeding. However, in low doses AMP has been shown to both suppress and facilitate feeding. Further, there is some indication of individual differences in the feeding response to low doses of AMP. Evidence indicates that AMP's effects on feeding are dopamine-media...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244426
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Alterations in protein kinase (PKA) protein levels have been implicated in the regulation of responses to and development of cocaine addiction. However, the contribution of differences in PKA intracellular cascade to the known sex differences in responses to cocaine is not well understood. This study exami...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-008-1411-5
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The suggestions that dopamine (DA) systems are involved in "motor control" and "reward" represent the classic working hypotheses on the behavioral functions of these systems. The research generated by these hypotheses has yielded results that are far more complicated than the simplest form of either hypothesis would i...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02245133
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antipsychotic drugs haloperidol and clozapine have the common action of increasing dopamine metabolism in the striatum (nucleus accumbens, caudate-putamen) of the rat. Intracerebroventricular administration of kainic acid (KA) produces neuronal loss in limbic-cortical brain regions which project directly or indire...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130050384
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00