Abstract:
:Two studies were conducted to replicate and extend previous demonstrations of smoking-induced, dose-related reports of euphoria, and to confirm this relationship using measures of plasma nicotine. In experiment 1, overnight-deprived subjects, in three different sessions, smoked ultralow-, high-nicotine, and usual-brand cigarettes. In experiment 2, ultralow-, medium-, and high-nicotine cigarettes were used, and plasma nicotine was measured. In both studies, subjects were asked to depress a button during euphoric sensations. Number of sensations for the ultralow-nicotine cigarette was significantly lower than for the high-nicotine cigarette in the first study, and than for both the medium- and high-nicotine conditions in the second; a significant linear trend was observed for number of sensations as a function of plasma nicotine level in the second study. For the high-nicotine cigarette, 19 of 22 subjects experienced at least one sensation (mean around three), starting around 2.5 min after lighting up. Together, these studies support the existence of a dose-response relationship for nicotine-induced euphoric sensations; suggest that they are more pronounced following overnight abstinence than following minimal deprivation, and in more dependent smokers; and characterize in detail the temporal features of these sensations.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Pomerleau CS,Pomerleau OFdoi
10.1007/BF02247422subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-01-01 00:00:00pages
460-5issue
4eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
108pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章abstract::Behaviour was observed in mice given L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine or L-phenylalanine and then placed either in an open field or in water in a narrow cylinder. Animals placed in water (swim test) soon assume a characteristic immobile posture. Most antidepressants, including pharmacologically atypical ones, decrease immobil...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00435264
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study compares the behavioral profiles induced in rats (N = 118) by the D2-dopaminergic receptor agonist quinpirole (0.03 and 0.5 mg/kg), and the D1-agonist SKF38393 (1.25-40 mg/kg), and both agonists administered together. Locomotion and snout contact frequency were reduced by the low but increased by the high do...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244813
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The reinforcing effects of stimulant drugs such as D-amphetamine, caffeine, and cocaine are modulated by behavioral demands following drug administration. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study was to assess the reinforcing effects of methylphenidate under different behavioral demands using a modified progres...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1946-z
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Decision-making is a complex cognitive process that is mediated, in part, by subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC). Decision-making is impaired in a number of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia. Notably, people with schizophrenia exhibit reductions in GABA function in the same PFC areas...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3816-7
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Latent inhibition (LI) is a phenomenon in which repeated, non-reinforced presentation of a stimulus retards subsequent conditioning to that stimulus. Several recent experiments have suggested that LI is abolished following acute, low doses of amphetamine given during pre-exposure and conditioning, and this effect has ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244656
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A continuing challenge for preclinical research on anxiolytic drugs is to capture the affective dimension that characterizes anxiety and aggression, either in their adaptive forms or when they become of clinical concern. Experimental protocols for the preclinical study of anxiolytic drugs typically involve the suppres...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/BF02245590
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nine depressed patients were treated with alaproclate, a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor, for 3 weeks in a dose of 400 mg daily. The pupillary responses to tyramine, phenylephrine, and pilocarpine eye drops were measured on consecutive days before, after 1 week and after 3 weeks of treatment. The tyramine-induced mydr...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00427324
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Humans typically self-administer cannabidiol (CBD) and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) together repeatedly (as in cannabis, cannabis extract, or Sativex®) to relieve pain. It has been suggested that one benefit of the drug combination may be decreased tolerance development. OBJECTIVE:The present study com...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5036-z
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of meperidine on operant behavioral thermoregulation were investigated using a convective thermal controller and mice trained to alternate at will the thermal-drive condition, changing it from an air flow of 15 degrees C to one of 45 degrees C, and vice versa. Administration of 15 mg/kg meperidine resulted...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00491979
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiments assessed the development of tolerance to morphine stimulus control during treatment with selected maintenance doses of morphine. Separate groups of rats were trained to discriminate saline and either 3.2 mg/kg or 5.6 mg/kg morphine under fixed-ratio schedules of food delivery. Dose-response functions for g...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245745
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The notion that the onset of action of antidepressant drugs (ADs) takes weeks is widely accepted; however, the sequence of events necessary for therapeutic effects still remains obscure. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to evaluate a time-course of ADs-induced alterations in the expression of 95 selected genes in 4 region...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2714-0
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two sets of experiments were carried out to compare the effects of fenfluramine and fluoxetine on consummatory and operant behaviour. In food-deprived rats allowed access to a 35% sucrose solution, an initial period of sucrose consumption was followed by a short period of grooming and exploratory behaviour, later supe...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245933
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repeated amphetamine (AMPH) administration into the nucleus accumbens does not enhance (sensitize) the locomotor activity produced by a subsequent systemic AMPH challenge. We report here, however, that pretreatment with systemic injections of AMPH does produce a significant enhancement in the locomotor stimulant effec...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244569
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether any locus postsynaptic to the GABAergic striatonigral projection might be involved in the enhancement of behavioral response to dopaminergic stimulants induced by chronic treatment with either neuroleptic drugs or stimulants. Rats exposed chronically to either chlorpromazine or cocaine were tested ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00212767
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ventral tegmental area (VTA) evaluates salience of environmental stimuli and provides dopaminergic innervation to many brain areas affected by acute and chronic ethanol exposure. While primarily associated with rewarding and reinforcing stimuli, recent evidence indicates a role for the VTA in aversion as well. Eth...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s00213-018-4875-y
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Anxiety and aggression are associated with ethanol self-administration, but these behaviors can serve as either risk factors for or consequences of heavy drinking in rodents and humans. Baseline levels of aggressive-like and anxious-like behavior in non-human primates have not yet been characterized in relati...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-016-4427-2
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Glucocorticoids have been shown to affect declarative memory, an explicit form of memory for facts and events operated by medial temporal lobe structures. Recent neuroimaging data suggest that the medial temporal lobe (including the hippocampus) is also active in implicit sequence learning. OBJECTIVES:The ai...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-010-2112-4
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral movements (OMs) in rats administered chronic haloperidol (HAL) were quantified simultaneously by a human observer and via a computerized video analysis system which monitored the distance between the upper and low lips using TV images. The human observer data indicated that during HAL administration the total dur...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00215492
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Recent research highlights the need to extend our understanding of how exercise may aid smoking cessation, through exploration of different modes, intensity and duration of exercise. OBJECTIVES:The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a 1-mile self-paced walk on different measures of urges to s...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-2216-4
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intracerebroventricular administration of carbachol chloride induced a characteristic wet dog shake response in rats. Neither 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine, a serotonergic depletor, nor DL-p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis, affected wet dog shakes induced by carbachol. Putative antiserotonergic drugs...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00426469
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Caffeine has a well-established effect on reaction times (RTs) but the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying this are unclear. METHODS:In the present study, 15 female participants performed an oddball task after ingesting caffeine or a placebo, and electroencephalographic data were obtained. Single-trial P3b...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4790-7
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Medication and illicit drugs can have detrimental side effects which impair driving performance. A drug's impairing potential should be determined by well-validated, reliable, and sensitive tests and ideally be calibrated by benchmark drugs and doses. To date, no consensus has been reached on the issue of whi...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3408-y
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphocyte beta adrenergic receptor binding using [125I]CNP was determined in patients with panic disorder (N = 4) or agoraphobia with panic attacks (N = 17) and age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (N = 22). The patients showed a significantly lower number of beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites and a significantl...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00735875
更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been suggested that reward-related learning may require intact functioning at the dopamine D1 receptor. The present experiment tested this hypothesis by challenging the reward-enhancing effects of the D2 agonist, bromocriptine, with a D1 antagonist, SCH 23390. For comparison, the effects of the D2 antagonist, p...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245944
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral performances of normotensive and hypertensive adult male baboons were tested before, during, and following chronic oral dosing with nifedipine. Performances during a five-color simultaneous match-to-sample task were measured during three dosing schedules (0.20, 0.68, and 1.14 mg/kg/day) and vehicle. Each do...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245802
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) or the vehicle was administered once into both lateral ventricles of the rat. Desmethylimipramine (DMI) was administered IP prior to the intraventricular injection of 5,7-DHT to prevent the destruction of norepinephrine (NE) terminals. Following recovery from surgery, ethanol (5 g/kg,...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00431969
更新日期:1980-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Dopamine (DA) and glutamate (Glu) interactions in the mesocorticolimbic pathway may regulate motivation and reward and contribute to schizophrenia and drug abuse. We have recently demonstrated synergistic effects of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)/kainate receptor blockade and ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-005-0039-y
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Dependence on both alcohol and cocaine is a widespread example of polydrug abuse/dependence. It has been hypothesized that ethanol reward is mediated via increased dopaminergic neurotransmission in mesolimbic striatum, as is the case for cocaine. However, little is known about the neurobiology of ethanol in p...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-002-1233-9
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:Rolipram, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase (PDE4) produces discriminative stimulus effects in rats. These effects may be related to a wide range of central nervous system effects described previously. OBJECTIVE:The purposes of the present study were to: (i) assess the specificity of the discrimin...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s002130100878
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:The low self-administration (LS)/Kgras (LS) and high self-administration (HS)/Kgras (HS) rat lines were generated by selective breeding for low- and high-intravenous cocaine self-administration, respectively, from a common outbred Wistar stock (Crl:WI). This trait has remained stable after 13 generations of b...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-017-4640-7
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00