Apparent requirement for CD4+ T cells in primary anti-herpes simplex virus cytotoxic T-lymphocyte induction can be overcome by optimal antigen presentation.

abstract：:To improve efficacy, especially for the cell-mediated response to inactivated viral vaccines, a modified levamisole (LMS) adjuvant formulation, designated LMS+, was evaluated for its efficacy in mice and chickens, using Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) as a model pathogen. Compared with oil adjuvant, the killed NDV in LM...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Yin J,Jin H,Kang Y,Xiao C,Zhao L,Li X,Ding Z,Yang F,Zhu Q,Wang B

更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interferon (IFN) can activate Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) proteins to establish a cellular antiviral response and inhibit virus replication. Many viruses have evolved strategies to inhibit this antiviral mechanism, but paramyxoviruses are unique in their abilities to directly target the IFN...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Rodriguez JJ,Horvath CM

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunization with hepatitis B vaccine is an effective measure for prevention and control of hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection. Although lots of efforts to improve the effect of hepatitis B vaccine have been made, the function of human beta defensin 2 (hBD2) on hepatitis B vaccine keeps unclear. In this article, we rep...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Wang M,Zeng W,Zhang Z,Zhang W,Su H,Zhang Z,Jiang L,Liu Y,Shi Q

更新日期：2020-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the capability of different routes of immunization with replication-competent recombinant adenovirus to induce antigen-specific antibody responses, we immunized cotton rats with a human adenovirus type 5 (HAd5) vector expressing the glycoprotein D (gD) of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) (gD-dE3). Diff...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Papp Z,Babiuk LA,Baca-Estrada ME

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virus-based influenza vaccines induce less protection in old compared to young subjects due, in part, to age-associated alterations in the immune response. This study shows that old mice produce a less diverse HI antibody response after immunization than adult mice. However, immunization of old and young mice with pla...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Radu DL,Antohi S,Bot A,Weksler ME,Bona C

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sudan virus (SUDV) is a member of the Filoviridae family that has been associated with sporadic outbreaks of human disease in sub-Saharan Africa. The filoviruses are notable for the high frequencies with which they cause both hemorrhagic manifestations and death in infected individuals. Recently, we reported an extens...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： McElroy AK,Erickson BR,Flietstra TD,Rollin PE,Towner JS,Nichol ST,Spiropoulou CF

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens caused by a highly cell-associated alpha herpesvirus, Marek's disease virus (MDV). Clinical signs of MD include depression, crippling, weight loss, and transient paralysis (TP). TP is a disease of the central nervous system that affects MD-susc...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Xu M,Fitzgerald SD,Zhang H,Karcher DM,Heidari M

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abstract Natural infection with Marek's disease virus occurs through the respiratory mucosa after chickens inhale dander shed from infected chickens. The early events in the lung following exposure to the feather and squamous epithelial cell debris containing the viral particles remain unclear. In order to elucidate t...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Baaten BJ,Staines KA,Smith LP,Skinner H,Davison TF,Butter C

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection with helper-free, defective MAIDS murine leukemia virus (MuLV) caused a rapid polyclonal activation of B cells in 0.75-, 2-, and 6-month-old C57L/J mice (H-2b, Fv-1n/n), similar to that in C57BL/6 mice (H-2b, Fv-1b/b), which was recognized by elevated plasma immunoglobulin concentrations. However, changes in...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Even C,Hu B,Erickson L,Plagemann PG

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles such as B*57 and B*27 are associated with slow HIV disease progression. HIV-specific immune responses in slow progressors (SP) are characterized by a poly-functional profile. We previously observed within infected subjects that HIV peptide-specific r...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Peretz Y,Marra O,Thomas R,Legault D,Côté P,Boulassel MR,Rouleau D,Routy JP,Sékaly RP,Tsoukas CM,Tremblay C,Bernard NF

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The JHM strain of mouse hepatitis virus (JHMV) is rapidly cleared from the central nervous system (CNS) by CD8(+) T cells. In the absence of CD4(+) T cells, fewer CD8(+) T cells are found within the CNS in association with a coordinate increase in apoptotic lymphocytes. Previous data suggested that CD4(+) T cells may ...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Zhou J,Hinton DR,Stohlman SA,Liu CP,Zhong L,Marten NW

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:TransFix(TM) and Cyto-Chex((R)) BCT (blood collection tube) reagents have been shown to maintain whole blood integrity for delayed immunophenotyping by flow cytometry. We evaluated the ability of these blood-stabilizing reagents to preserve HIV-seropositive blood for delayed CD4(+) T-cell quantification utilizing the ...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Plate MM,Louzao R,Steele PM,Greengrass V,Morris LM,Lewis J,Barnett D,Warrino D,Hearps AC,Denny T,Crowe SM

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of the study was to evaluate pathologically the reproductive system of nonvaccinated and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-vaccinated sows/gilts, as well as the assessment of vaccination impact on their endometrium/myometrium and ovaries. In a farrow-to-finish farm, all sows and g...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Papatsiros V,Psalla D,Papaioannou D,Tassis P,Tzika E,Papaioannou N

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is limited information on the direct role of the neutralizing antibody responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or methodologies to study them. Previously we have demonstrated that interleukin-10 (IL-10) administered to chronic hepatitis patients led to a decrease in disease activity, but an increase ...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Eksioglu EA,Bess J,Jones G,Dettloff J,Dangmeon P,Dong HJ,Zhu H,Firpi R,Xu Y,Nelson DR,Liu C

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) continues to be an economically important infectious disease of swine. Mechanisms governing activation of the innate immune response to PRRSV remain to be elucidated. Virulence differences observed between PRRSV isolates have been attributed to replication ab...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Loving CL,Brockmeier SL,Vincent AL,Lager KM,Sacco RE

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a collectin that mediates activation of the complement system and is of importance for host defenses. In humans low concentrations of MBL in serum have been associated with susceptibility to several viral diseases. To understand the function of MBL in relation to infectious viral disease...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Juul-Madsen HR,Norup LR,Handberg KJ,Jørgensen PH

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of cytopathic (cp) and non-cytopathic (ncp) bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) on the cellular metabolic activity and activation status of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were investigated. Cellular DNA and protein synthesis was determined by [3H]thymidine and [3H]valine incorporation, res...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Hou L,Wilkerson M,Kapil S,Mosier D,Shuman W,Reddy JR,Loughin T,Minocha HC

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unlike the polymorphic MHC class Ia molecules, MHC class Ib molecules are oligomorphic or nonpolymorphic. We recently discovered a protective CD8 T cell response to mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) in H-2(b) haplotype mice that is restricted by H2-Q9, a member of the Qa-2 MHC class Ib family. Here, we demonstrate that immuni...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Hofstetter AR,Evavold BD,Lukacher AE

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is usually asymptomatic, therefore, early diagnosis is rare. It may remain undiagnosed in individuals who progress to chronic infection, often until serious liver damage has developed. To incorporate the diagnosis of this viral disease in a multiple-diagnostic assay, we first an...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Gauna A,Losada S,Lorenzo M,Toledo M,Bermúdez H,D'Angelo P,Sánchez D,Noya O

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using a mouse zosteriform model that mimics human herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in several aspects, the effectiveness of plasmid DNA encoding the immediate early protein ICP 27 was evaluated as a vaccine. Animals were immunized intramuscularly twice with DNA, then either challenged with virus or killed, and the...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Manickan E,Yu Z,Rouse RJ,Wire WS,Rouse BT

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to investigate the immune responses elicited by either a modified-live (MLV) or a killed virus (KV) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine. Specifically, we investigated the effects of multiple vaccinations on antigen-specific cellular and antibody responses...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Bassaganya-Riera J,Thacker BJ,Yu S,Strait E,Wannemuehler MJ,Thacker EL

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infusion of interleukin-12 (IL-12) enhances recovery from lethal experimental vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection of the central nervous system (CNS). Interleukin-12 treatment resulted in: 1) increased survival frequency; 2) faster recovery from weight loss; 3) substantially decreased VSV titers in brain homoge...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Komatsu T,Barna M,Reiss CS

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The objective of this study was to develop a new antigen delivery system using an alphavirus replicon particle (RP) to induce humoral antibody responses against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) recombinant antigen produced from envelope glycoprotein E2. An alphavirus RP expressing the E2 glycoprotein of BVDV was use...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Hossain MM,Rowland RR

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) glycoprotein 5 (GP5) is the most abundant envelope glycoprotein and a key target for neutralizing antibodies. Previous studies have demonstrated that the native GP5 glycoprotein is poorly immunogenic and not able to induce robust protective responses, probabl...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Wu F,Peng K,Tian J,Xu X,Zhou E,Chen H

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a deadly and highly infectious disease caused by SARS Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Inactivated SARS-CoV has been explored as a vaccine against SARS-CoV; however, current knowledge of inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine is quite limited. We attempted to investigate the effects of differe...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Gai W,Zou W,Lei L,Luo J,Tu H,Zhang Y,Wang K,Tien P,Yan H

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) restores CD4(+) T-cell numbers in the periphery; however, its efficacy in restoring functional immunity is not fully elucidated. Here we evaluated longitudinal changes in the expression of several key markers of T-cell activation, namely CD40 ligand (CD154), OX40 (CD134), ...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Nyakeriga AM,Ying J,Shire NJ,Fichtenbaum CJ,Chougnet CA

更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate immune system is the first line of defense against virus infection that triggers the expression of type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory cytokines. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, resulting in the induction of innate immune responses. Viral RNA in...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Okamoto M,Tsukamoto H,Kouwaki T,Seya T,Oshiumi H

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abstract IL-17 producing CD4 T cells have recently been shown to play an important role in mucosal immunity in HIV infection. But its role in peripheral immunity and the molecular mechanism underlying its regulation during HIV-1 infection are ill defined. In this study, we report a significant negative correlation b...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Singh A,Vajpayee M,Ali SA,Chauhan NK

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was aimed at investigating the genes that control host responses to Marek's disease virus (MDV). Spleen tissues from infected and age-matched uninfected control chickens were examined 4, 7, 14, and 21 d postinfection for gene expression differences, using both microarray and quantitative real-time polymeras...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Sarson AJ,Abdul-Careem MF,Zhou H,Sharif S

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the developing countries, Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a predominant cause of sporadic acute hepatitis in adults and waterborne epidemics leading to high mortality in pregnant women. Vaccine development mainly focuses on the structural capsid protein open-reading-frame-2 (ORF-2) of the virus. We successfully evaluate...

journal_title：Viral immunology

authors： Joshi SS,Arankalle VA

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00