Abstract：
RATIONALE:Pharmacological agents used in the treatment of anxiety have been reported to decrease threat relevant processing in patients and healthy controls, suggesting a potentially relevant mechanism of action. However, the effects of the anxiolytic diazepam have typically been examined at sedative doses, which do not allow the direct actions on emotional processing to be fully separated from global effects of the drug on cognition and alertness. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a lower, but still clinically effective, dose of diazepam on emotional processing in healthy volunteers. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-four participants were randomised to receive a single dose of diazepam (5 mg) or placebo. Sixty minutes later, participants completed a battery of psychological tests, including measures of non-emotional cognitive performance (reaction time and sustained attention) and emotional processing (affective modulation of the startle reflex, attentional dot probe, facial expression recognition, and emotional memory). Mood and subjective experience were also measured. RESULTS:Diazepam significantly modulated attentional vigilance to masked emotional faces and significantly decreased overall startle reactivity. Diazepam did not significantly affect mood, alertness, response times, facial expression recognition, or sustained attention. CONCLUSIONS:At non-sedating doses, diazepam produces effects on attentional vigilance and startle responsivity that are consistent with its anxiolytic action. This may be an underlying mechanism through which benzodiazepines exert their therapeutic effects in clinical anxiety.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Murphy SE,Downham C,Cowen PJ,Harmer CJdoi
10.1007/s00213-008-1082-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-01 00:00:00pages
503-13issue
4eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
199pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：RATIONALE:Prospective memory pervades our daily lives and failures can have detrimental consequences. This ability to execute delayed intentions may be impacted by stress, yet few studies have examined these effects. Moreover, as many cannabis users report using cannabis to cope with stress, it is important to understa...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-5184-9
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been suggested that the GAbAergic striatonigral projection may form part of the efferent pathway responsible for the expression of dopamine-related oral behaviour. Consistent with this suggestion are reports that bilateral injection of the GABA agonist muscimol can produce stereotyped gnawing and biting. We rep...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00464579
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Anti-psychotic treatment appears to be associated with striatal volume increase, but how early this change occurs is still unknown. METHODS:A single prospective cohort of 20 anti-psychotic-naïve patients, newly diagnosed with schizophrenia, underwent magnetic resonance imaging brain scan at baseline. This w...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-009-1619-z
更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined and compared withdrawal signs and symptoms from cessation of 0, 2 and 4 mg nicotine gum. In addition, a comparison was made between nicotine gum versus cigarette withdrawal symptoms. Smokers first underwent cigarette deprivation for 4 days and then were randomly assigned to 0 (N = 16), 2 (N = 25), ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF02245656
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several behaviors associated with the serotonin syndrome have been reported in rats following administration of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-OH-DPAT. The present investigation approached this phenomenon from an ethopharmacological perspective, and provided a detailed temporal analysis of the behavioral effects of thi...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02247363
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Chronic pain is becoming a more common medical diagnosis and is especially prevalent in older individuals. As such, prescribed use of opioids is on the rise, even though the efficacy for pain management in older individuals is unclear. OBJECTIVES:Thus, the present preclinical study assessed the effectiveness...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-3208-4
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Previous experiments have shown that d-amphetamine disrupts timing behaviour in rats. It has been proposed that d-amphetamine's effects reflect a reduction in the period of the pacemaker of the hypothetical internal clock. However, some studies have obtained conflicting results. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effe...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000422
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Red blood cell (RBC) glycine levels were examined in 27 bipolar patients, treated with lithium carbonate for a minimum of 8 months, who were either hypomanic, depressed, or euthymic in their mood. We found no difference in the RBC glycine or in the RBC: plasma glycine ratio between the hypomanic, depressed, or euthymi...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00433732
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Intermittent social defeat stress can induce neuroadaptations that promote compulsive drug taking. Within the mesocorticolimbic circuit, repeated cocaine administration activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). OBJECTIVE:The present experiments examine whether changes in ERK phosphorylation are ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3796-7
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) differs from other types of hallucinogens in that it possesses direct dopaminergic effects. The exact nature of this component has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE:The present study sought to characterize the effects of several dopamine D(4) agonists and antagonists on the disc...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1238-0
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Buprenorphine is a partial mu opioid agonist under development as a sublingual (SL) medication for opioid dependence treatment in the United States. Because buprenorphine may be abused, tablets combining buprenorphine with naloxone in a 4:1 ratio have been developed to reduce that risk. Low doses of injected ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002130000637
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:There is a growing concern over excessive caffeine use and development of caffeine use disorder in children. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to identify the association between caffeine intake and cognitive functioning in children. METHODS:This study included 11,718 youths aged 9-10 years with cognitive and caf...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-020-05596-8
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Cocaethylene is a pharmacologically active homolog and metabolite of cocaine, formed by transesterification of cocaine in the presence of ethanol. Here we relate findings from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in which we examined the physiological and subjective effects and pharmacokinetic...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002139900363
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and recent clinical reports suggest that some glutamate modulating agents are efficacious in the treatment of this disorder. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a readily available amino acid...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1007/s00213-005-0246-6
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A paradigm for assessing benzodiazepine receptor sensitivity was developed using intravenous midazolam in normal volunteers. After administration of incremental doses of midazolam, alterations in saccadic eye movement parameters and psychological self ratings were assessed. Significant changes included dose-dependent ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244431
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The glutamatergic cortico-striatal and subthalamo-entopeduncular pathways are both overactive in parkinsonism. Previous behavioural investigations have shown that intra-entopeduncular injection of either NMDA-site or glycine-site antagonists results in alleviation of parkinsonian symptoms, although injection of the fo...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246054
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single doses of amantadine hydrochloride and placebo were administered in a double-blind cross-over design on separate days to ten actively craving cocaine abusers in treatment. Pharmacological treatment did influence cocaine craving, but amantadine was less effective than placebo. ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00439458
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of acute marijuana intoxication on remote memory and new learning were assessed. To test for the effects of marijuana on remote memory, titles of one-season television shows, aired up to 14 years previously, were used in three tests measuring recognition, temporal judgement and detailed recall of facts fro...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00432561
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Information is sparse on neurotransmitter deficiencies in frontotemporal dementia (FTD), in particular with reference to distinct histological subgroups and Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVES:To evaluate in FTD with the major histologies, and compare with AD and controls, neurotransmission indices, as thes...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0992-8
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies have shown that dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers can potentiate yawning induced by apomorphine in rats. The present study was undertaken to examine whether or not this interaction was seen with other compounds that induce yawning or if it represented a specific interaction with dopaminer...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244401
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methadone as the most prevalent opioid substitution medication has been shown to influence the neurophysiological functions among heroin addicts. However, there is no firm conclusion on acute neuroelectrophysiological changes among methadone-treated subjects as well as the effectiveness of methadone in restoring brain...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-018-5035-0
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of clinically used benzodiazepines were tested for their effectiveness in blocking muscimol-induced myoclonic jerks in mice. Their ED50 values were determined from their dose-response curves. These data gave the following relative potencies with respect to diazepam: diazepam = 1, medazepam = 0.24, oxazepam = ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432441
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much of the research implicating learning in the development of tolerance to ethanol-induced impairment has used an experimental design in which different groups receive drug either before or after an opportunity to perform an instrumental or operant task. The stronger tolerance observed in subjects who perform while ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245503
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Schizophrenia is characterized by a large variety of cognitive symptoms, among which information processing deficits have been extensively studied. So far, these aspects have been found to be remarkably stable and effective treatment is still lacking. Traditionally, information processing is subdivided into p...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1684-7
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of flurazepam (0.0, 0.5, and 3.0 mg/kg) on methylphenidate-induced increases in stereotypy, gnawing, sniffing, and locomotion were evaluated in Swiss-Webster mice in daytime and nighttime experiments. Methylphenidate (50 mg/kg) increased overall stereotypy and stereotyped gnawing behavior; two doses of met...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00432374
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Cannabis (CB) use and dependence are associated with regionally specific alterations to brain circuitry and substantial psychosocial impairment. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to investigate the association between CB use and dependence, and the volumes of brain regions critically involved in goa...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4606-9
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has been argued to improve attention via enhanced filtering of irrelevant stimuli. Here, we tested this hypothesis in the context of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs), an oculomotor function previously shown to improve with nicotin...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05223-1
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a phase II study the antidepressive effect of citalopram, a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor, was examined in 20 endogenously and three non-endogenously depressed hospitalized patients. Four endogenously depressed patients dropped out due to deterioration early in the treatment period. The remainin...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00464566
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Abnormalities of cortical evoked potentials and background electroencephalographic (EEG) frequencies occur in several psychiatric disorders, some of which, especially depression, are associated with hypercortisolaemia. However, there have been few investigations of the effects of exogenously administered cort...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s002130000528
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:F17464, a dopamine D3 receptor antagonist with relatively high D3 selectivity (70 fold vs D2 in vitro), exhibits an antipsychotic profile in preclinical studies, and therapeutic efficacy was demonstrated in a randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial in patients with schizophrenia (Bitter et al. Neuropsych...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05387-w
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
