Abstract:
RATIONALE:The non-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist nicotine has been argued to improve attention via enhanced filtering of irrelevant stimuli. Here, we tested this hypothesis in the context of smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEMs), an oculomotor function previously shown to improve with nicotine in some but not all studies. OBJECTIVES:In order to test whether nicotine improves performance particularly when the inhibition of distracting stimuli is required, SPEM was elicited in conditions with or without peripheral distractors. Additionally, different target frequencies were employed in order to parametrically vary general processing demands on the SPEM system. METHODS:Healthy adult non-smokers (N = 18 females, N = 13 males) completed a horizontal sinusoidal SPEM task at different target frequencies (0.2 Hz, 0.4 Hz, 0.6 Hz) in the presence or absence of peripheral distractors in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over design using a 2 mg nicotine gum. RESULTS:Nicotine increased peak pursuit gain relative to placebo (p < .001), but an interaction with distractor condition (p = .001) indicated that this effect was most pronounced in the presence of distractors. Catch-up saccade frequency was reduced by nicotine (p = .01), particularly at higher target frequencies (two-way interaction, p = .04). However, a three-way interaction (p = .006) indicated that the reduction with nicotine was strongest at the highest target frequency (0.6 Hz) only without distractors, whereas in the presence of distractors, it was strongest at 0.4-Hz target frequency. There were no effects of nicotine on subjective state measures. CONCLUSIONS:Together, these findings support a role of both distractor inhibition and general processing load in the effects of nicotine on smooth pursuit.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Meyhöfer I,Kasparbauer AM,Steffens M,Ettinger Udoi
10.1007/s00213-019-05223-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
2259-2271issue
7eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072pii
10.1007/s00213-019-05223-1journal_volume
236pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract::The effects of naloxone, metenkephalin, and morphine were tested on phencyclidine(PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors, ataxia, and hyperactivity in the rat. Naloxone (8 mg/kg) significantly decreased stereotypy, ataxia, and hyperactivity across all PCP doses tested (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg). Metenkephalin (40 microgram...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00470593
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abstract:RATIONALE:Nicotine and nicotinic agonists have been shown to improve attentional function. Nicotinic receptors are easily desensitized, and all nicotinic agonists are also desensitizing agents. Although both receptor activation and desensitization are components of the mechanism that mediates the overall effects of nic...
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0809-9
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00428416
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pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05505-z
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00433044
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00215489
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abstract::It was shown previously that behavioural effects of apomorphine (locomotor activation and stereotyped behaviour) can be conditioned when they are associated with well-defined environmental stimuli. In the present study, the hypothesis was tested that glutamatergic mechanisms play an important role either in formation ...
journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02244064
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s00213-006-0397-0
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Psychopharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00428036
更新日期:1978-09-15 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02245605
更新日期:1996-03-01 00:00:00