Abstract:
:Despite a blood-brain barrier for norepinephrine, the concentration of norepinephrine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid has been observed to be similar. This relationship between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine levels suggest that peripheral sympathetic neurons innervating blood vessels to brain and spinal cord may contribute significantly to cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine levels, and questions the validity of cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine as an index of central nervous system noradrenergic activity. We demonstrate that extensive destruction of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal medulla has no effect on rat cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine. It is therefore unlikely that peripheral sources of norepinephrine contribute significantly to cerebrospinal fluid norepinephrine levels.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Peskind ER,Raskind MA,Wilkinson CW,Flatness DE,Halter JBdoi
10.1016/0006-8993(86)91600-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-03-05 00:00:00pages
258-64issue
1-2eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
0006-8993(86)91600-8journal_volume
367pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BRAIN RESEARCH文献大全abstract::Previous research has demonstrated that cross-language activation is present even when proficient bilinguals perform a task only in one language. The present study investigated the time-course of cross-language activation during word production in a second language (L2) by using a picture-word interference paradigm wi...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.053
更新日期:2011-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Saccadic adaptation maintains saccade accuracy and has been studied with targeting saccades, i.e. saccades that bring the gaze to a target, with the classical intra-saccadic step procedure in which the target systematically jumps to a new position during saccade execution. Post-saccadic visual feedback about the error...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2011.07.029
更新日期:2011-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the role of the sympathetic nervous system as a mediator of the message from the CNS to the kidneys to stimulate the secretion of renin. Two procedures that increase the secretion of renin were tested: administration of the serotonin releaser fenfluramine, which increases renin release witho...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00891-s
更新日期:1995-11-06 00:00:00
abstract::Two selectively bred lines of mice, one responding with high (HA) and the other with low analgesia (LA) to 3 min swims at 20 degrees C were compared with respect to naloxone ability to reverse such swim induced pain threshold elevation. Also, the analgesic effect of morphine was tested in both lines of mice. Naloxone ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91380-6
更新日期:1986-11-05 00:00:00
abstract::Unanesthetized adult male rats with indwelling right atrial cannulae were used in the majority of experiments. Morphine (MOR, 3.0 mg/kg) caused a large but transient increase in both GH and PRL levels, which could be prevented with naloxone. Disruption of central noradrenergic function with diethyldithiocarbamate (400...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(80)91130-0
更新日期:1980-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::Two distinct patterns of terminal labeling were seen after injections of [3H]amino acids into the second somatosensory area (S2) and the retroinsular area (Ri). The first pattern, seen both in S2 after an injection in Ri and in the granular or dysgranular insular fields after an injection in S2, is characterized by he...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91103-4
更新日期:1983-08-22 00:00:00
abstract::The role of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) in the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) in mediating the enhanced gastric contractility induced by glutamate (100 pmol) microinjected into the raphe pallidus (Rpa) was investigated in urethane-anesthetized rats acutely implanted with miniature strain gauge force transducers on...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91035-9
更新日期:1994-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::Hypophysiotropic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-synthesizing neurons, the central regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, are located in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). These neurons are well-known to be stimulated by cold exposure through activation of ascending brainstem pa...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.094
更新日期:2009-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Oligodendrocytes (OLs), the predominant cell type found in cerebral white matter, are essential for structural integrity and proper neural signaling. Very little is known concerning stroke-induced OL dysfunction. Our laboratory has shown that infusion of human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) cells protects striatal white ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.09.078
更新日期:2010-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Fos expression in the globus pallidus (GP) of rats was elicited by the D2 agonist quinpirole both ipsilateral and contralateral to a unilateral nigrostriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) injection; however, the 6-OHDA-treated hemisphere was more sensitive to this effect. The quinpirole-induced GP Fos expression was anta...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)91166-p
更新日期:1993-12-31 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of the neurotransmitters, serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) were measured in the developing rat brain at 12, 19, 26 and 42 days of age. The amino acid precursors, tryptophan (TRP) and tyrosine (TYR) were measured along with the 5-HT and DA metabolites, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0165-3806(85)90146-4
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory bulbectomy (OBX) transects the glutamatergic efferents from the olfactory bulbs, and the changes of glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated function are though to be involved in the behavioral deficits seen in OBX rats. In the present study, irritability scores in OBX male Wistar rats wer...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02297-1
更新日期:2001-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this work was to characterize the interaction of the Na+-channel toxin, purified from venom of the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus, with microtubule proteins in vitro. The toxin enhanced microtubule assembly, causing the formation of microtubule 'bundles'. It interacted with the Na+-channel 270 kDa subunit...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0169-328x(86)90019-7
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::An investigation of reflex responses of leg muscles to sural stimulation during stepping was performed on human subjects. Non-noxious electrical stimulation applied during the swing phase or the latter half of the stance phase produced a mixed increase and decrease of EMG activity in the hamstring muscles. No response...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90123-3
更新日期:1983-12-12 00:00:00
abstract::C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice have been characterized previously as seizure-resistant and seizure-sensitive, respectively, a distinction based primarily upon a differential response to the convulsant effects of various drugs. In the present study, electroconvulsive shock (ECS) was used to assess maximal electrosh...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)01013-0
更新日期:1998-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::The localization of human hand primary motor area (M1) has been the object of several studies during the last decades. EEG source analysis, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are non-invasive methods for localizing M1 with good accuracy compared to direct ele...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.10.042
更新日期:2010-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::Hindpaw injections of carrageenan (CARRA) decreased paw withdrawal latencies to radiant heat and increased hindpaw edema. At the peak of hyperalgesia, the content of immunoreactive guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (i-cGMP) was increased, while immunoreactive adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (i-cAMP) was decrea...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90066-3
更新日期:1994-05-16 00:00:00
abstract::Veratridine-induced depolarization caused a large increase in Ca uptake in the rat hippocampal slice (30.2 vs. 9.0 nM/mg dry weight). This uptake was reduced to 18.4 nM/mg when veratridine was combined with anoxia. When compared with veratridine exposure alone, the combination of anoxia and veratridine increased intra...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91547-4
更新日期:1994-01-07 00:00:00
abstract::Dopamine-containing amacrine cells of rhesus monkey were found everywhere outside of the foveola in whole, flat retinas by the formaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fluorescent method. There were about 7500 such cells in a single retina and their density, determined by cell counts and measured by a nearest neighbor method, was ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)91174-0
更新日期:1984-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::A lesion of the septum or a transection of the fimbria-fornix diminishes most, but not all, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) staining in the hippocampal formation. The residual AChE is located in the outer part of the molecular layer of the hippocampal CA1 zone and adjacent subicular field (zone 31). We report that followi...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90583-8
更新日期:1983-08-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic exposure to estradiol-17β (E2) in adult female rats increases mean arterial pressure by stimulating superoxide production in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). However the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are unknown. We hypothesized that E2 exposure induces the gene expression of cytokines, ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.09.007
更新日期:2015-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Endothelins are potent vasoconstrictors and signaling molecules. Their effects are broad, impacting processes ranging from neurovascular and cardiovascular health to cell migration and survival. In stroke, traumatic brain injury or subarachnoid hemorrhage, endothelin-1 (ET-1) is induced resulting in cerebral vasospasm...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.022
更新日期:2014-11-07 00:00:00
abstract::Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a ubiquitously expressed membrane spanning glycoprotein which is endoproteolytically processed to Abeta, a 39-43 amino acid peptide that is the main component of senile plaques in Alzheimer Disease (AD). APP is a member of a highly conserved gene family, including Amyloid Precursor-L...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00653-2
更新日期:1998-08-31 00:00:00
abstract::Circadian and neural mechanisms important for the organization of reproductive behavior in the male golden hamster were examined. The sexual behavior of male hamsters exhibits diel variations; males are quicker to initiate copulation and to ejaculate in the dark phase than in the light phase of a daily light-dark cycl...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)91460-4
更新日期:1984-02-13 00:00:00
abstract::Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) plays a major role in central nervous system responses to stressors and has been implicated in stress-induced alterations in sleep. In the absence of stressors, CRH contributes to the regulation of spontaneous waking. We examined the effects of CRH and astressin (AST), a non-speci...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.11.007
更新日期:2008-01-23 00:00:00
abstract::uinea pig antiserum specific to the purified bovine choline acetyltransferase was used to demonstrate the localization of this enzyme in rabbit forebrain by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method. Choline acetyltransferase was localized in olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, olfactory tubercle, piriform...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90196-2
更新日期:1982-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Following single injections of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the superior colliculus (SC) and [3H]proline in the striate cortex of rats, a close correspondence was observed in the topographical arrangements of extrastriate cortical fields of HRP retrograde label and of isotope anterograde label. These results suppor...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90318-3
更新日期:1982-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Opioid-binding cell adhesion molecule (OBCAM) is the member of the IgLON family, a subgroup of the immunoglobulin superfamily. In the present study, the functions and dynamics of OBCAM were investigated in hippocampal neurons in vitro. Western blotting revealed that OBCAM expression was low at early stages of culture ...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.04.062
更新日期:2007-08-24 00:00:00
abstract::Twice daily injections of 1.0 or 5.0 mg/kg D-amphetamine for 6 consecutive days differentially affected the response of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta to challenge injections of apomorphine on the following day. Thus, whereas treatment with the high amphetamine dose produced a dramatic shif...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90691-7
更新日期:1984-10-29 00:00:00
abstract::Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is known as the cell surface glycoprotein, and it belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion molecules. Polysialic acid (PSA) is a carbohydrate attached to NCAM via either of two specific sialyltransferases: ST8SiaII and ST8SiaIV. Polysialylated neural cell adhesion mole...
journal_title:Brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.08.008
更新日期:2015-11-02 00:00:00