Correlates of individual differences in compensatory nicotine self-administration in rats following a decrease in nicotine unit dose.

abstract：:Mature rats (starting weight at least 270 g) were treated daily with cannabis extract (daily THC dose 20 mg/kg) for 3 months. After a 1- to 4-month drug-free period, residual effects on a variety of behaviors were studied. No residual effects were found in learning of an eight-arm radial maze task, nor on a differenti...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Stiglick A,Kalant H

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were maintained on a regimen of restricted access to water. Desipramine (DMI) IP 1 h prior to the access period dose-dependently reduced water intake. Following completion of the dose-response determination for the effect of desipramine or water intake, rats were divided into three groups for repeated administrat...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： O'Donnell JM,Rider DP,Somani S,Seiden LS

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The behavioral responsiveness to challenge doses of the D2 agonist quinpirole was examined in 21-day-old normal offspring (experiment 1) as well as offspring exposed gestationally to cocaine (experiment 2). In both experiments weanling rats received a subcutaneous injection of 0 (0.9% saline), 0.04, 0.08, 0.5, or 1.0 ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Moody CA,Frambes NA,Spear LP

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Under the fixed-consecutive-number schedule (FCN), pigeons were reinforced for responding eight or more times on one response key (work key), and then responding once on a second response key. In one component of this schedule, an external stimulus signalled the completion of the response requirement on the work key (...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Picker M,Dykstra LA

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A modified hyponeophagia test is described as an animal model of anxiety. The effects of 0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 and 10 mg/kg diazepam, given both acutely and for 7 days pretest, were assessed in rats. Acutely, diazepam reduced hyponeophagia over the dose range 0.3-3.0 mg/kg but 10.0 mg/kg produced sedation and large variabi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Shephard RA,Broadhurst PL

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chlordiazepoxide (5 and 10 mg/kg) and diazepam (2.5 mg/kg) reduced the latency to eat and enhanced feeding response to familiar food in a food-preference test. The increased feeding response resulted from an increased frequency of individual eating episodes (bouts) without significant change in the episode duration. E...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Cooper SJ

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:In patients, ketamine is a fast-acting antidepressant that can induce long-lasting symptom relief. Similar rapid effects have been reported in rodents, but reports of lasting effects are limited. OBJECTIVES:We sought to extend past findings by examining dose-response curves that overlap with the individual d...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Bechtholt-Gompf AJ,Smith KL,John CS,Kang HH,Carlezon WA Jr,Cohen BM,Ongür D

更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Individual differences in the rate of nicotine metabolism (RNM) could be related to dependence and success in stopping smoking. A range of studies have examined RNM measured by the ratio of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and cotinine in body fluids (the ratio). A systematic review of this literature is needed to dr...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： West O,Hajek P,McRobbie H

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Three-hour sessions of differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior (DRL 45-s) in rats were used to investigate alprazolam, caffeine, and their interactions at the onset, peak and disappearance of serum alprazolam, while caffeine level remained constant. The dose-response curve (DRC) method of Pöch permitted an ext...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Lau CE,Wang J

更新日期：1996-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the rat, the antimuscarinics atropine and scopolamine failed to block the reduction in pentobarbital-induced sleep time produced by either thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) or MK-771 (a TRH analog). Previous reports have indicated that the marked analeptic effect produced by TRH is antagonized by such agents. It ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Santori EM,Schmidt DE,Kalivas PW,Horita A

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:The contribution of dopamine receptor subtypes in mediating the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine is not fully established. Many drug discrimination studies use food to maintain responding, necessitating food restriction, which can alter drug effects. OBJECTIVE:This study established stimulus contro...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Baladi MG,Newman AH,France CP

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Recent studies have implicated an important role for the dorsal striatum during craving for cocaine and in cocaine-seeking after abstinence in rats. OBJECTIVES:We compared the effects of pharmacological inactivation of mesencephalic dopamine (DA) cell body regions and dorsal vs ventral striatal terminal fiel...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： See RE,Elliott JC,Feltenstein MW

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Animal models of relapse to drug abuse typically assess the ability of various manipulations to reinstate responding that has ceased due to non-reinforcement (extinction). However, there is a lack of information concerning the reinstatement of responding that has ceased for reasons other than extinction. OBJ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Panlilio LV,Thorndike EB,Schindler CW

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin receptors of the 5HT2 type were labeled on platelet membranes using tritiated ketanserin. Blood was collected from the umbilical cord of newborns and venous samples were collected from 6-year-old children as well as junior-high and high school students (ages 13 through 18) to determine age-related changes in...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Biegon A,Greuner N

更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Serotonergic mechanisms are thought to play an important role in the regulation of mood, motor activity and sleep patterns. Serotonin reuptake is controlled by the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and by a common functional insertion/deletion polymorphism in the corresponding gene's promoter region (5-HTTLPR). H...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Putzhammer A,Schoeler A,Rohrmeier T,Sand P,Hajak G,Eichhammer P

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Evidence has been provided for impaired neurotransmitter functioning in the brain of elderly subjects. In order to assess central GABAergic transmission, the activity of the hypothalamic GABA system may be investigated by basal growth hormone (GH) response to the GABAergic drug sodium valproate (SV). For this purpose ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Monteleone P,Iovino M,Orio F,Steardo L

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Kratom is proposed to exhibit therapeutic potential as an opium substitute, but little is known about its dependence-producing profile, particularly of its main psychoactive compound, mitragynine (MG). OBJECTIVES:This study examined the dependence-producing effects of MG using operant-scheduled behaviour in ...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Harun N,Johari IS,Mansor SM,Shoaib M

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pigeons were trained to peck each of two response keys. Periods during which pecks on one key (the food key) produced access to grain according to a random-ratio 80 schedule alternated irregularly with periods during which food-key responses had no scheduled consequences (extinction). Both keys remained amber unless a...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Dearing ME,Branch MN

更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The residual effects of three hypnotics were investigated by the method of 24-h polygraphy (EEG, EMG, and EOG). The drugs were triazolam 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg, flurazepam 15 mg and 30 mg, nitrazepam 5 mg and 10 mg, and placebo. The subjects were healthy volunteers, eight men and eight women with an average age of 34.3 ye...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Ogura C,Nakazawa K,Majima K,Nakamura K,Ueda H,Umezawa Y,Wardell WM

更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Impulsive behavior is associated with both alcohol use disorders and a family history of alcoholism (FHA). One operational definition of impulsive behavior is the stop-signal task (SST) which measures the time needed to stop a ballistic hand movement. OBJECTIVE:Employ functional magnetic resonance imaging (f...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Kareken DA,Dzemidzic M,Wetherill L,Eiler W 2nd,Oberlin BG,Harezlak J,Wang Y,O'Connor SJ

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The protective effects of acute and chronic diazepam administration (4 mg/kg) against seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and picrotoxin were investigated. Considering the incidence of tonic-clonic convulsions, tolerance to the protective effects of diazepam was evident by day 5 if the mice were challenged wi...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： File SE

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Results from clinical studies have shown that topiramate effectively reduces alcohol consumption in a population of heavy-drinking alcohol-dependent humans. OBJECTIVES:We undertook this preclinical study in order to establish topiramate's efficacy in a rodent model and to determine whether topiramate's effic...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Breslin FJ,Johnson BA,Lynch WJ

更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the effects of intrahippocampal injections of scopolamine (a muscarinic antagonist drug) on performance of a working-memory task (contingently reinforced T-maze alternation) and a reference-memory task (visual discrimination) by the same rats in the same maze. Rats in the first shipment were traine...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Brito GN,Davis BJ,Stopp LC,Stanton ME

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Serotonin (5-HT) plays a key role in different aspects of value-based decision-making. A recent framework proposed that tonic 5-HT (together with dopamine, DA) codes future average reward expectations, providing a baseline against which possible choice outcomes are compared to guide decision-making. OBJECTIV...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Neukam PT,Kroemer NB,Deza Araujo YI,Hellrung L,Pooseh S,Rietschel M,Witt SH,Schwarzenbolz U,Henle T,Smolka MN

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Observing responses bring sensory receptors into contact with environmental stimuli. In the observing-response procedure, periods in which an operant response (e.g. pressing a lever) is reinforced by drug deliveries alternate with periods in which this response is never reinforced (i.e. extinction). These alt...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Shahan TA

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The anti-withdrawal effect of clonidine was studied using quasi-morphine abstinence behaviour induced by dipropylacetate (DPA) in naive rats. Clonidine potently suppressed body shakes and locomotor activity (ID50 30 and 40 micrograms/kg IP respectively). Phenoxybenzamine and prazosine did not antagonize the anti-withd...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： van der Laan JW,Weick G,Hillen FC

更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic nicotine infusion has been found in a series of studies in our laboratory to significantly improve choice accuracy of rats in the eight-arm radial maze. The current study was designed to compare the effects of chronic nicotine infusion on working and reference memory in a 16-arm radial maze. Nicotine was admin...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Levin ED,Kim P,Meray R

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Recent studies have suggested that the salutary actions of clozapine in schizophrenia may be due to selective activation of M(1) muscarinic receptors by clozapine and/or its major active metabolite N-desmethylclozapine. OBJECTIVE:We systematically tested this hypothesis by screening a large number of psychoa...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Davies MA,Compton-Toth BA,Hufeisen SJ,Meltzer HY,Roth BL

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：RATIONALE:Alcohol-associated cues elicit craving in human addicts but little is known about craving mechanisms. Current animal models focus on relapse and this may confound the effect of environmental cues. OBJECTIVES. To develop a model to study the effects of environmental cues on alcohol consumption in animals not e...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Pickering C,Liljequist S

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present study compared the acute subject-rated and performance-impairing effects of trazodone and triazolam in seven healthy humans. Trazodone (50, 100 and 200 mg), triazolam (0.125, 0.25, 0.50 mg) and placebo were administered orally in a double-blind, crossover design. Drug effects were measured approximately 30...

journal_title：Psychopharmacology

authors： Rush CR,Madakasira S,Hayes CA,Johnson CA,Goldman NH,Pazzaglia PJ

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00