Abstract：
:Three-hour sessions of differential reinforcement of low-rate behavior (DRL 45-s) in rats were used to investigate alprazolam, caffeine, and their interactions at the onset, peak and disappearance of serum alprazolam, while caffeine level remained constant. The dose-response curve (DRC) method of Pöch permitted an extensive evaluation of the kind (additivity or independence) of interactions occurring in combined drug effects. The alprazolam and caffeine DRCs were used to derive theoretical additive and independent relations, and the observed combined effects compared to these functions. Behavior-time profiles of the combined effects were similarly compared. Serum alprazolam and caffeine concentrations correlated with their respective behavior-time profiles. No acute tolerance was observed either for the individual drugs or their combinations. Alprazolam was more potent than caffeine in disrupting DRL behavior. Because alprazolam is much shorter-lived (t1/2 = 32 min) than caffeine (t1/2 = 3 h) in rats, potency ratios between alprazolam and caffeine changed across session time (from 123 to 4), which determined the expression of the combined effects. Although the combined effects were not distinguishable in terms of additivity or independence in both the DRCs and in the behavior-time profiles, they showed neither synergism nor antagonism. The pharmacokinetics of alprazolam were not altered by caffeine, but those of caffeine were affected by alprazolam.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Lau CE,Wang Jdoi
10.1007/BF02246346subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1996-07-01 00:00:00pages
115-24issue
2eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:the immediate posttrial injection of oxotremorine (0.250 mu Mol/kg, IP) can facilitate the retention of a passive-avoidance response in mice. After the administration of alfa-methyl-p-tyrosine methylester (alpha-MPT) by intracerebroventricular injection at doses that had no effect on retention (100 microgram, 10 micro...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00433098
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Typical neuroleptic medications are still administered to as many as 40% of patients receiving antipsychotic treatment in the US. Intermittent administration or interruption of long-term neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia may increase the incidence of human tardive dyskinesias, and similarly may produce...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000572
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Buprenorphine, a partial mu opioid agonist, is an experimental medication under development for the treatment of opioid dependence as an alternative to methadone maintenance. The present study examined the relationship between level of opioid physical dependence and response to buprenorphine administration as part of ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246290
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of meperidine on operant behavioral thermoregulation were investigated using a convective thermal controller and mice trained to alternate at will the thermal-drive condition, changing it from an air flow of 15 degrees C to one of 45 degrees C, and vice versa. Administration of 15 mg/kg meperidine resulted...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00491979
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of chronic lithium treatment on methylphenidate-, D1 dopamine receptor agonist (A-77636)-, and tactile stimulation-induced increases in frontal cortical acetylcholine release were studied in the rat using in vivo brain microdialysis. Cortical acetylcholine release in control rats was maximally stimulated b...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02249415
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basal morning humoral (H)-endorphin blood levels were assessed in ten autistic patients, 12 chronic schizophrenic patients and 11 healthy control subjects. Four autistic patients and four schizophrenic patients were drug free for at least 6 months while all other psychiatric patients were under treatment with antidopa...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427687
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine in 1-h sessions on a fixed ratio 5 (FR5) schedule of reinforcement. Acquisition was carried out at a unit dose of 0.3 mg/kg and responding was then stabilized at cocaine doses of 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg/infusion. Pretreatments with naltrexone (0.1-10 mg/kg, SC) 20 min prior...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244173
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Serotonin 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors are thought to be the primary pharmacological mechanisms for serotonin-mediated hallucinogenic drugs, but recently there has been interest in metabotropic glutamate (mGluR2) receptors as contributors to the mechanism of hallucinogens. OBJECTIVE:The present study assesses...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3658-3
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONAL:It has been suggested that phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors such as sildenafil may be effective in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to investigate the effect of sildenafil added to risperidone as augmentation therapy in patients with chronic schizophrenia an...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-010-2044-z
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of our study was to test whether ketamine produces an antidepressant effect in animal model of olfactory bulbectomy and assess the role of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in ketamine's antidepressant effect. METHODS:Bulbectomized (OBX) rats and sham controls were assigned to four subgrou...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-016-4256-3
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol and risperidone, are used in long-term treatment of psychiatric patients and thus increase the risk of obesity and other metabolic dysfunctions. Available evidence suggests that these drugs have pro-inflammatory effect, which contributes to the establishment of endocrine distur...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-015-4079-7
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-one depressed patients participated in a study that assessed the predictability of amitriptyline (AT) dosage based on plasma drug concentrations after a single dose. In 11 patients maintained on a fixed dose regimen, the 18-h single-dose level was confirmed to be predictive of steady-state levels. The dose for ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00431471
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rat open field behavior is often used as a tool to study the behavioral effects of drugs. In this report, drug-induced patterns of locomotion in an open field were studied with the aid of a simple new statistic. Briefly, the animal's path through the open field is converted into a series of trips. Gamma (gamma) estima...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00443416
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of drugs on one aspect of impulsive behaviour were evaluated using a schedule in which rats were trained to complete a fixed consecutive number of responses on one of two levers before pressing the second to obtain a reinforcer (FCN). Terminating the chain before completing the FCN resulted in the omission...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050673
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of ovarian steroids on the benzodiazepine receptor was assessed in the elevated plus-maze and, after restraint stress, in benzodiazepine receptor binding assays. Vehicle-treated proestrous rats displayed anxiolytic behavior, relative to diestrus or estrous rats. Anxiolytic behavior was observed after 1 or 2...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02247394
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Pharmacological agents used in the treatment of anxiety have been reported to decrease threat relevant processing in patients and healthy controls, suggesting a potentially relevant mechanism of action. However, the effects of the anxiolytic diazepam have typically been examined at sedative doses, which do no...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-008-1082-2
更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Previous experiments have shown that d-amphetamine disrupts timing behaviour in rats. It has been proposed that d-amphetamine's effects reflect a reduction in the period of the pacemaker of the hypothetical internal clock. However, some studies have obtained conflicting results. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effe...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000422
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fifty-nine depressed female inpatients were treated with 100 mg amitriptyline (AMT) IM for 4 weeks. Depression ratings and determinations of the parent drug and nortriptyline (NT) were performed weekly. No direct relationship between plasma AMT + NT concentrations and therapeutic response was apparent, but beneficial ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244602
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonergic mechanisms have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and in the neuropharmacology of antidepressant treatment. One measure of central serotonergic function is the prolactin (PRL) response to IV L-tryptophan (L-TRP). We used the L-TRP test to assess the role of serotonin in the mechanism of...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245291
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Tryptophan depletion is used to reduce central serotonergic function and to investigate its role in psychiatric illness. Despite widespread clinical use, its effects on serotonin (5-HT) receptors have not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to examine the effect of acute (ATD) and ch...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-006-0635-5
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Biotransformation of phenacetin via O-deethylation to acetaminophen, an index reaction reflecting activity of Cytochrome P450-1A2, was studied in microsomal preparations from a series of human livers. Acetaminophen formation was consistent with a double Michaelis-Menten system, with low-Km (mean Km1 = 68 microM) and h...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050149
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Nicotine can enhance attentional performance in humans, a property that may be of therapeutic utility. OBJECTIVES:To identify brain sites mediating nicotine-induced attentional enhancement. METHODS:Nicotine (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 microg) was injected bilaterally into the dorsal hippocampus and the prelimbic area...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1438-6
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Schizophrenia is characterized by a large variety of cognitive symptoms, among which information processing deficits have been extensively studied. So far, these aspects have been found to be remarkably stable and effective treatment is still lacking. Traditionally, information processing is subdivided into p...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-003-1684-7
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Threatening social stimuli were used in this study as aversive conditions to test anxiety in lactating female mice. The odors of potential infanticidal males or the "stress odor" left by restrained mice represented two aversive conditions that have been suggested to modulate the time spent by the mothers to r...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051120
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Twenty-nine subjects performed a reaction time task with four levels of choice-task complexity under non-smoking, sham smoking, and low, medium and high nicotine cigarette conditions. Nicotine reduced decision time, while sham smoking increased decision time. This effect was independent of subjects' habitual levels of...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244860
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of naloxone, metenkephalin, and morphine were tested on phencyclidine(PCP)-induced stereotyped behaviors, ataxia, and hyperactivity in the rat. Naloxone (8 mg/kg) significantly decreased stereotypy, ataxia, and hyperactivity across all PCP doses tested (2.0, 4.0, and 6.0 mg/kg). Metenkephalin (40 microgram...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00470593
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor is thought to play a role in the reward pathway and drug abuse by modulating dopamine release within the mesolimbic pathway. Dopamine release stimulated by cocaine and methamphetamine is blocked by administration of 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists. Animal studies demonstrate that 5-HT(3) re...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130100833
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional antagonists at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex produce anti-depressant-like actions in preclinical models. Thus, an injection of a glycine partial agonist (1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid; ACPC), a competitive NMDA antagonist (2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoic acid; AP-7) or a use-dependent c...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245261
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Both central serotonergic and nicotinic systems play important roles in a variety of neurobehavioral functions; however, the interactions of these two systems have not been fully characterized. The current study served to determine the impact of a relatively selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist, ketanserin, o...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-004-2060-y
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:6-Hydroxydopamine (6OH-DA) pretreatment increased the aggressive behavior induced by marihuana in REM sleep-deprived rats. Brain catecholamine assays revealed that 6OH-DA depleted popamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) to a different extent, increasing the DA/NE ratio. Intraventricular injection of NE significantly dec...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00423257
更新日期：1976-07-28 00:00:00
