Abstract：
:Under the fixed-consecutive-number schedule (FCN), pigeons were reinforced for responding eight or more times on one response key (work key), and then responding once on a second response key. In one component of this schedule, an external stimulus signalled the completion of the response requirement on the work key (FCN 8-SD), whereas no stimulus change was programmed under the other (FCN 8). Across a range of doses, the mu opioid agonist morphine, the kappa opioid agonist U50,488 and the opioid antagonist naloxone had no consistent effect on accuracy under either FCN schedule. Naloxone and accuracy under either FCN schedule. Naloxone and U50,488 produced a general flattening of the conditional probability functions by decreasing the conditional probability of response runs exceeding the minimum response requirement of eight consecutive responses on the work key. The sigma agonists phencyclidine and (+)N-allylnormetazocine and the nonopioid analgesics clonidine and l-nantradol produced large decreases in accuracy under the FCN 8 and small decreases under the FCN 8-SD. With the exception of (+)N-allylnormetazocine, these drugs consistently increased the conditional probability of responses runs shorter than the minimum response requirement on the work key. These findings indicate that the accuracy-altering effects of some opioid and nonopioid analgesics depend in part on the type of discrimination task.
journal_name
Psychopharmacology (Berl)journal_title
Psychopharmacologyauthors
Picker M,Dykstra LAdoi
10.1007/BF00174698subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-01-01 00:00:00pages
405-11issue
3eissn
0033-3158issn
1432-2072journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE:Acute diazepam administration has been shown to decrease plasma cortisol levels consistent with decreased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, especially in individuals experiencing stress. However, the effects of chronic diazepam treatment on cortisol have been less studied, and the relations...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-004-1974-8
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Buprenorphine is an opioid agonist-antagonist under development in the United States as a sublingual medication for treatment of opioid dependence. Buprenorphine may be abused; therefore, tablets combining buprenorphine with naloxone have been developed with the intent of reducing the abuse risk in people phy...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130050066
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Previous experiments have shown that d-amphetamine disrupts timing behaviour in rats. It has been proposed that d-amphetamine's effects reflect a reduction in the period of the pacemaker of the hypothetical internal clock. However, some studies have obtained conflicting results. OBJECTIVE:To examine the effe...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000422
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was designed to compare the therapeutic and adverse effects of tranylcypromine (a monoamine oxidase inhibitor), nortriptyline (a tricyclic antidepressant), and placebo. A total of 122 depressed outpatients randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with one of these agents completed the 4-week protocol. Tr...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/BF00427786
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Available neurochemical probes that lower brain dopamine (DA) levels in man are limited by their tolerability and efficacy. For instance, the acute lowering of brain tyrosine is well tolerated, but only modestly lowers brain DA levels. Modification of tyrosine depletion to robustly lower DA levels would provi...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-2977-0
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A variety of behaviors were studied in an open-field setting after i.v. amphetamine (0.5, 2.0, 8.0 mg/kg), phenmetrazine (1.0, 4.0, 16.0 mg/kg), or fenfluramine (1.0, 4.0, 16.0 mg/kg). Amphetamine and phenmetrazine increased ambulation initially and rearing during the whole experiment, and decreased grooming. At 30 an...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01457847
更新日期：1977-12-19 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Little is known about the smoking topography characteristics of heavy cannabis users. Such measures may be able to predict cannabis use-related outcomes and could be used to validate self-reported measures of cannabis use. OBJECTIVES:The current study was conducted to measure cannabis smoking topography char...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2480-4
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Fluoxetine (Prozac®) is the most frequently prescribed drug to battle depression in pregnant women, but its safety in the unborn child has not yet been established. Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, crosses the placenta, leading to increased extracellular serotonin levels and potentially n...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2299-z
更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Latent inhibition (LI) is a phenomenon in which repeated, non-reinforced presentation of a stimulus retards subsequent conditioning to that stimulus. Several recent experiments have suggested that LI is abolished following acute, low doses of amphetamine given during pre-exposure and conditioning, and this effect has ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02244656
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONAL:Caloric restriction increases the risk of relapse in abstinent drug users. Hormones involved in the regulation of energy balance and food intake, such as leptin and ghrelin, are implicated in drug-related behaviors. OBJECTIVES:We investigated the role of leptin and ghrelin in the augmentation of heroin seekin...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05415-9
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The dopaminergic system has been proposed to mediate alcohol-induced locomotor activity, yet the mechanisms underlying this behavioral response remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVES:This study was conducted to investigate the role of dopamine D2-like receptors in mediating alcohol-induced behavioral responses...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-016-4264-3
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects on one-way active avoidance conditioning of pre-training, systemic administration of the selective mu-receptor agonist [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol]enkephalin (DAGO), and the selective mu-receptor antagonist (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP), were determined in Swiss-Webster mice. A low dose of ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02245494
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Several different animal models are currently used to research the neurodegenerative movement disorder Parkinson's disease (PD). RESULTS:Models based on the genetic deficits associated with a small percentage of sufferers demonstrate the pathological accumulation of alpha-synuclein characteristic of the dis...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-007-0931-8
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Evidence suggesting that the endogenous cannabinoid (eCB) system can be manipulated to facilitate or impair extinction of learned behaviours has important consequences for opiate withdrawal and abstinence. We demonstrated that the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which increases eCB levels,...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3798-5
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Psychopharmacology needs novel quantitative measures and theoretical approaches based on computational modelling that can be used to help translate behavioural findings from experimental animals to humans, including patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. OBJECTIVES:This brief review exemplifies this appro...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05302-3
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Stress experience during adolescence has been linked to the development of psychiatric disorders in adulthood, many of which are associated with impairments in prefrontal cortex function. OBJECTIVE:The current study was designed to determine the immediate and enduring effects of repeated social stress on a p...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-014-3654-7
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Previous work has shown that clozapine suppressed tacrine-induced jaw movements at lower doses than those required for suppression of lever pressing. OBJECTIVE:The novel atypical antipsychotic olanzapine was assessed in these behavioral tests. METHODS:The effect of acute olanzapine on the suppression of tac...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130051063
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:The high prevalence of smoking and low cessation rates among individuals with schizophrenia and similar conditions are not well understood. Behavioral economics has been extensively applied to studying addictive behavior and may contribute to understanding smoking in this subpopulation. OBJECTIVES:This study...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2185-8
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preclinical and clinical research supports a role for neuroactive steroids in the pathophysiology of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We investigated ganaxolone (a synthetic 3β-methylated derivative of allopregnanolone, a GABAergic neuroactive steroid) for treatment of PTSD in a proof-of-concept, multisite, doubl...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-017-4649-y
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although previous studies have shown that pharmacological agents, such as buprenorphine, and alternative nondrug reinforcers, such as money or sweetened solutions, reduce cocaine self-administration, few studies have examined the combined effects of these two approaches. The purpose of the present study was to evaluat...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02246018
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of d-fenfluramine and morphine on various nociceptive responses of rats were investigated. Unlike morphine, which inhibited all the responses examined, d-fenfluramine inhibited jumping and paw licking of rats on a hot plate, but did not increase the latency of tail withdrawal from hot water. The effects of...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00435276
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ferret predation on rats was examined in an arena. One hour before the test one of the following drugs was administered. d-Amphetamine (0.8 and 1.4 mg/kg IM), MAPROTILINE (10 AND 40 Mg/kg orally), L-dopa (30 and 60 mg/kg orally), or haloperidol (0.14 and 0.6 mg/kg IM). Provided that capture was successful, the sequenc...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00427524
更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In neuroleptic therapy for psychotic illness, clinical improvement is produced more slowly than is central dopamine blockade, and its time course is highly variable between patients. A theory of neuroleptic-responsive psychotic illness thus requires more than dopamine blockade, though that appears to be the first step...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF00176470
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONAL:In recent years, evidence suggests that modafinil may be useful for certain symptom domains of schizophrenia, especially for the negative and cognitive symptoms. However, the results are not consistent. OBJECTIVE:This study was designed to investigate the effect of modafinil added to risperidone in patients w...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2513-z
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Methamphetamine (METH) is a powerfully addictive stimulant associated with serious health conditions. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of oxidative stress in METH-induced behavioral abnormalities. Sulforaphane (SFN), found in cruciferous vegetables, is a potent antioxidant. It is of interest to determine...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-011-2619-3
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Evidences indicate that methylglyoxal, a highly reactive metabolite of hyperglycemia, can enhance protein glycation, oxidative stress, or inflammation. Mangiferin, a polyphenol compound of C-glucoside, has many beneficial biological activities, including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, neuroprotection, cog...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-3061-5
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Single doses of amantadine hydrochloride and placebo were administered in a double-blind cross-over design on separate days to ten actively craving cocaine abusers in treatment. Pharmacological treatment did influence cocaine craving, but amantadine was less effective than placebo. ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00439458
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Kratom is proposed to exhibit therapeutic potential as an opium substitute, but little is known about its dependence-producing profile, particularly of its main psychoactive compound, mitragynine (MG). OBJECTIVES:This study examined the dependence-producing effects of MG using operant-scheduled behaviour in ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-019-05418-6
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:A number of studies have indicated a relationship between the intake of palatable foods or fluids and drug self-administration. OBJECTIVES:Two experiments were conducted to determine whether the intake of sucrose or fat was related to subsequent cocaine self-administration. METHODS:In separate groups of rat...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s002130000375
更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：RATIONALE:Schizophrenia is a severe, persistent, and fairly common mental illness. Haloperidol is widely used and is effective against the symptoms of psychosis seen in schizophrenia. Chronic oral haloperidol administration decreased the number of astrocytes in the parietal cortex of macaque monkeys (Konopaske et al., ...
journal_title：Psychopharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00213-013-3136-3
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
