Abstract:
:Extant research findings allow several conclusions regarding the relationship between estrogen and cognitive functioning across the female life span. First, performance on tests of verbal memory fluctuates in concert with physiological changes in ovarian hormone production during the menstrual cycle and during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Estrogen therapy (ET) prevents the decrease in verbal memory when administered immediately following the surgical removal of both ovaries in premenopausal women. Some, but relatively little evidence is available to support the idea that ET, initiated at the time of a natural or a surgical menopause for a few years, may protect against cognitive decline 30 years later and more research in this area is urgently needed. Finally, the evidence to date strongly suggests that the initiation of ET decades after the menopause has occurred does not protect against cognitive decline or dementia. Taken together, these findings support the so-called "window of opportunity" hypothesis which holds that ET will be neuroprotective only when administered closely in time to a natural or surgical menopause.
journal_name
Behav Neuroscijournal_title
Behavioral neuroscienceauthors
Sherwin BBdoi
10.1037/a0025539subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-02-01 00:00:00pages
123-7issue
1eissn
0735-7044issn
1939-0084pii
2011-23880-001journal_volume
126pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Working memory depends on communication between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex (PFC); however, the neural circuitry that mediates interactions between these brain areas has not been well characterized. Two candidate structures are the thalamic reuniens (RE) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei, which are reciprocally c...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0034653
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The intermediate and medial hyperstriatum ventrale (IMHV) of the chick forebrain is a site of recognition memory for the learning process of imprinting. The results reported here demonstrate that neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAMs) play a time-dependent role in this recognition memory. Dark-reared chicks were train...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.3.646
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Experiment 1 demonstrated that rats with caudate-putamen lesions show an impairment in the acquisition and reversal of a spatial maze task when compared with unoperated control subjects. Experiment 2 examined lever-press responding supported by a variable interval schedule in three groups of subjects: a group with cau...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.99.6.1074
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A unilateral microinjection of morphine into the amygdala impaired fear conditioning to both a conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with shock and the context where shock occurred, whereas a microinjection of morphine into the nucleus accumbens (NA) spared fear conditioning to the CS but impaired, in a dose-dependent and ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.111.5.996
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A previous study reported that power in the delta band of the amygdala is selectively elevated when primates are exposed to affectively ladened stimuli (Kling, Steklis, & Deutsch, 1979). Radiotelemetric recordings suggested that this elevation was greatest when the animal was confronted with conspecific behaviors that...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.105.2.223
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mice unable to synthesize dopamine (DA) in dopaminergic neurons were generated by gene-targeting techniques (Q.-Y. Zhou & R. D. Palmiter, 1995). These dopamine-deficient (DA-/-) mice required daily administration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) for survival beyond 2 to 3 weeks of age. This treatment stimulated ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.5.1229
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Norway rat pups were either handled (H) or undisturbed (nonhandled, NH) in the period between birth and weaning on Day 21. Following weaning, half of the animals in each group were housed socially (Soc), and half were housed in isolation (Isol). At 120-150 days of age, all animals were sacrificed, and the following re...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.99.4.765
更新日期:1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acetylcholine (ACh) and noradrenaline (NA) release in the olfactory bulb (OB) of ewes was monitored using microdialysis. Both ACh and NA release increased at parturition in multiparous but not in primiparous ewes. However, vaginocervical stimulation performed 6 hr postpartum induced an increase of ACh and NA release i...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.107.4.662
更新日期:1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In four experiments we reexamined the recent report by Labbe, Firl, Mufson, and Stein (1983) that fetal cortical tissue transplanted to an aspirative prefrontal cortical cavity in rats can ameliorate the learning impairments induced by the aspirative lesions. Healthy surviving grafts from young (E16) embryonic donors ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.101.4.489
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fetal and maternal data were monitored serially at 6 gestational ages from 20 to 38 weeks in 195 Peruvian fetuses. Digitized data included fetal heart rate and motor activity, as well as maternal heart rate and electrodermal conductance. Time series analysis evaluated the development of synchrony in 2 streams of fetal...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.120.3.687
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of various doses (40 microg/kg/hr, 300 microg/kg/hr, 600 microg/kg/hr or placebo) of hydrocortisone on tasks assessing working and declarative memory function were measured in 4 groups of 10 young men. During the infusion, participants were given an item-recognition working memory task, a paired-associate ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.113.3.420
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Endogenous opioids mediate some reward processes involving both natural (food, sweet taste) and artificial (morphine, heroin) rewards. In contrast, sexual behavior (which is also reinforcing) is generally inhibited by opioids. To establish the role of endogenous opioids for a newly described natural reinforcer, namely...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.122.2.416
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to examine the development of tolerance to opioids, eight cynomolgus and two rhesus monkeys were trained to press a lever for food reinforcement and then were catheterized so that drugs could be infused. Three doses of hydromorphone and six different interdose intervals were studied. Hydromorphone infusions i...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.97.2.327
更新日期:1983-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercise can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety in humans, but therapeutic effects of exercise in an animal model of stress-related mood disorders have yet to be demonstrated. In the current study, the authors investigated the ability of wheel running to reverse a long-lasting interference with shuttle box esca...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.5.992
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in food intake was investigated in rats by using BIM-18216, a novel CCK receptor antagonist. In rats fed 6 hr/day, BIM-18216 antagonized the reduction of food intake induced by exogenous CCK octapeptide (CCK-8; 4 micrograms/kg) in a dose-dependent manner and had a maximum effect at 1 ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.105.5.707
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Guinea pig pups that were separated from their mothers and placed into a novel environment for 90 min showed an increase in dopamine (DA) turnover (ratio of metabolites to DA) in the septum compared with undisturbed baseline controls. Pups placed into the novel environment with their mothers exhibited an intermediate ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.104.4.607
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human and nonhuman adolescents have impaired retention of extinction of learned fear, relative to juveniles and adults. It is unknown whether exposure to stress affects extinction differently in adolescents versus adults. These experiments compared the short- and long-term effects of exposure to the stress-related hor...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/bne0000022
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rabbits received ibotenic acid lesions of the mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus (MD) or sham lesions. These animals were compared on 4 sessions of Pavlovian eyeblink and heart rate conditioning, in which a tone was the conditioned stimulus and a paraorbital electrical shock was the unconditioned stimulus. Lesions of...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.104.6.912
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::These experiments tested whether nucleus accumbens muscarinic or nicotinic acetylcholine receptor activation is required for rats to learn to lever press for sucrose. Muscarinic blockade with scopolamine (1.0 microg/side or 10.0 microg/side), but not nicotinic antagonism with mecamylamine (10.0 microg/side), inhibited...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/0735-7044.118.4.730
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A good deal is known about psychological factors that contribute to reward value, but very little is known about how reward is computed in the brain. Integration in the circuit for brain stimulation reward may provide a simple model system. Parametric studies have favored the idea that the integration is linear, altho...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0026180
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The glutamate analog, L-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (L-AP4) is a selective agonist for several members of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) family. Activation of presynaptic mGluRs by L-AP4 causes a suppression of synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. In this study, the role of 1 subtype o...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.3.525
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modification of acoustic startle amplitude by a 10-ms tone prepulse (S1) was evaluated as a function of the interstimulus interval (ISI) between the onset of S1 and the onset of the startle-evoking stimulus (S2). Subjects were normal-hearing 1-month-old C57BL/6J (C57) mice and CBA/CaJ mice and 5-month-old C57 mice wit...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.109.3.396
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of energy intake depends in part on both memory for prior food intake and internal signals of hunger and satiety. These functions are both mediated by the hippocampus, a brain structure that animal studies have shown to be impaired after maintenance on high fat and refined sugar (HFS) diets. Study 1, using ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0025998
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This experiment was conducted to determine whether the amount of preoperative training influences the effects, on retention, of amygdala lesions induced 30 days after escape training. Rats received 1 or 10 footshock-motivated escape training trials; 30 days later, sham or neurotoxic amygdala lesions were induced. Resu...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.108.6.1080
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study examines the effects of positive and negative feedback on performance during choice reaction time tasks to assess whether they differentially affect phasic arousal and tonic activation. Participants (N = 96) received either no feedback or signals of reward, punishment, or both during a semantic and a visuos...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.116.3.397
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have found that in mature animals habituation is context-specific in some species but not in others. Given the mixed evidence present in the literature, we decided to explore whether habituation is context-specific in newborn chicks. The results showed that 3 days after hatching, chicks were capable o...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/bne0000212
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to investigate the effects of instruction types on hemispheric activation and accurate selection of spatial stimuli that had been previously presented at a subliminal level. Right-handed females randomly received either an "analytic" or a "holistic" instruction. Both groups first saw a series ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.100.3.343
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) is a variant of contextual fear conditioning in which context learning, context-shock association, and expression of context conditioning occur in 3 separate phases-preexposure, training, and testing. During the preexposure phase, the CPFE is disrupted by hippocampal ...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037/bne0000134
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is implicated in diverse aspects of behavioral regulation, cognitive control, and memory. However, direct neuropsychological evidence supporting a requirement of this area in functions other than spatial working memory has been scarce. T. L. Moore, S. P. Schettler, R. J. Kill...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1037/a0015236
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study examined the effect of lesions of the caudate nucleus or fimbria-fornix on the acquisition of two water maze tasks. In both tasks, two rubber balls with different visual patterns were used as platforms (i.e., cues). The "correct" cue was attached to a submerged rectangular platform and could be mount...
journal_title:Behavioral neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1037//0735-7044.106.3.439
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00