Abstract：
:Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lower airways that affects millions of people worldwide. Allergic asthma is a T helper 2 cell (Th2)-mediated disease, in which Th2 cytokines interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 are closely associated with the symptoms. IL-4 is needed by B cells to switch toward an IgE response, IL-5 recruits and activates eosinophils while IL-13 increases mucus production. The identification of type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2), which are able to rapidly produce large amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 in response to epithelial derived cytokines, implicated a new key player besides Th2 cells. ILCs constitute a family of innate lymphocytes distinct from T and B cells. ILC2s are located in various epithelial compartments in mice and human, including the lung. The recent finding of increased numbers of ILC2s in the airways of severe asthma patients prompts further research to clarify their immunological function. Murine studies have shown that ILC2s are an early innate source of IL-5 and IL-13 after allergen exposure, which induce airway eosinophilic infiltration, mucus hyperproduction, and airway hyperresponsiveness but not allergen-specific IgE production. ILC2s contribute to the initiation as well as to the maintenance of the adaptive type 2 immune response. Here, we review the recent progress on our understanding of the role of ILC2s in the immunopathology of allergic asthma, in particular by studies using murine models which have elucidated fundamental mechanisms by which ILC2s act.
journal_name
Semin Immunopatholjournal_title
Seminars in immunopathologyauthors
van Rijt L,von Richthofen H,van Ree Rdoi
10.1007/s00281-016-0556-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-07-01 00:00:00pages
483-96issue
4eissn
1863-2297issn
1863-2300pii
10.1007/s00281-016-0556-2journal_volume
38pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Food allergy is a harmful immune reaction driven by uncontrolled type 2 immune responses. Considerable evidence demonstrates the key roles of mast cells, IgE, and TH2 cytokines in mediating food allergy. However, this evidence provides limited insight into why only some, rather than all, food allergic individuals are ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0605-x
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus both within and outside healthcare settings has accelerated the use of once reserved last line antibiotics such as vancomycin. With increased use of antibiotics, there has been a rapid rise in the rate of resistance development to the anti-MRSA drugs. As ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0297-1
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease with clinical manifestations of differing severity. The exact pathomechanisms and interactions resulting in the inflammatory and immunological processes of this heterogeneous disease remain elusive. Approaches in the understanding of the pathomechanisms r...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0550-0
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS) is a severity spectrum of rare diseases. CAPS comprises the three conditions previously described as familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome (FCAS), Muckle-Wells syndrome (MWS), and neonatal-onset multisystem inflammatory disorder (NOMID), also known as chronic infanti...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0491-7
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The central nervous system (CNS) is tightly sealed from the changeable milieu of blood by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier (BCSFB). While the BBB is considered to be localized at the level of the endothelial cells within CNS microvessels, the BCSFB is established by choroid...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0177-0
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microsporidia is a group of pathogens, which can pose severe risks to the immunocompromised population such as HIV-infected individuals. The expertise to diagnose these pathogens is limited and therefore their prevalence is believed to be much higher than what is currently known. In a mouse model of infections, it has...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0482-8
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) operate at the intersection of the innate and adaptive immune systems. DCs can promote or inhibit adaptive immune responses against neuroantigens. While DC intrinsic properties, i.e., their maturation state or the subset they belong to, are important determinants of the outcome of an autoimmune r...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0608-7
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human pregnancy is a metabolic and immune challenge for the mother who has to accommodate in her womb a semi-allogeneic fetus whose energy needs increase tremendously with gestation. Recent compelling research has suggested that proper inflammatory changes and oxidative balance are a requisite for successful pregnancy...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-007-0071-6
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Asthma is a common, complex, multifaceted disease. It comprises multiple phenotypes, which might benefit from treatment with different types of innovative targeted therapies. Refining these phenotypes and understanding their underlying biological structure would help to apply precision medicine approaches. Using diffe...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-019-00776-x
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute inflammation, a physiologic response to protect cells from microbial infection and other noxious stimuli, is automatically terminated by endogenous anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving mediators to restore homeostatic conditions. However, if timely resolution of inflammation is failed, inflammation persists and c...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0363-y
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In autoinflammatory disorders, dysregulation of the innate immune response leads to an excessive cytokine release. The disease course is often characterized by high morbidity and mortality, treatment is mostly difficult and therapeutic options are limited. In most cases, life-long control of ongoing inflammation is ne...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0501-9
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The defining hallmark of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is deposition of polymeric IgA1 in the glomerular mesangium accompanied by a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis. The mechanisms involved in mesangial polymeric IgA1 deposition and the initiation of inflammatory glomerular injury remain unclear. This lack of a com...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-007-0089-9
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cytokines and growth factors are key regulators of immune activation, vascular alteration and excessive production of extracellular matrix which are hallmark events in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). They modulate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In particular, cytokines play a central role in the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-015-0511-7
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Idiopathic change nephrotic syndrome (INS), the most frequent glomerular disease in children and young adults, is characterized by heavy proteinuria and a relapsing remitting course. Although the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of proteinuria remain unclear, clinical and experimental observations suggest tha...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0415-3
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have identified novel lymphocyte subsets named innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) lacking antigen-specific receptors. ILCs are present in a wide variety of epithelial compartments and occupy an intermediate position between acquired immune cells and myeloid cells. ILCs are now classified into three groups: gr...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-014-0470-4
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This issue of Seminars in Immunopathology is devoted to the most recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms leading to tissue injury in autoimmune diseases. These include rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type I diabetes, autoimmune liver diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, autoimm...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 社论
doi：10.1007/s00281-014-0446-4
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intestine is normally colonized by a large and diverse commensal microbiota and is occasionally exposed to a variety of potential pathogens. In recent years, there has been substantial progress made in identifying molecular mechanisms that normally serve to protect the intestine from such enteric bacteria and whic...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-007-0100-5
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Macrophages in lymphoid organs exhibit a wide variety of phenotypes and functions. These cells excel in the removal of apoptotic cells that arise during the generation of immune cells and are thereby essential for the prevention of auto-immune responses. In addition to this macrophages in the secondary lymphoid organs...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00281-013-0378-4
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-9 is a cytokine classically related to type 2 immune responses whose cellular identity has been recently reevaluated to identify a new specialized T helper subset called Th9 and an innate source referred as innate lymphoid cell type 2. Over the past years, IL-9 has been associated with allergic responses, ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0606-9
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung transplantation is the only therapeutic option for patients with end-stage pulmonary disorders. Despite the improvements in surgical techniques and immunosuppressive therapy, allograft function and long-term survival are limited by the development of chronic lung transplant rejection. In this review, we focus on ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0249-9
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an immune-mediated chronic cholestatic liver disease with a slowly progressive course. Without treatment, most patients eventually develop fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver and may need liver transplantation in the late stage of disease. PBC primarily affects women (female preponde...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0164-5
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:LIGHT and herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) comprise a ligand-receptor pair in the tumor necrosis factor superfamily. These molecules play an important role in regulating immunity, particularly in the intestinal mucosa. LIGHT also binds the lymphotoxin beta receptor, and HVEM can act as a ligand for immunoglobulin fa...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0157-4
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Why and how HIV makes people sick is highly debated. Recent evidence implicates heightened immune activation due to breakdown of the gastrointestinal barrier as a determining factor of lentiviral pathogenesis. HIV-mediated loss of Th17 cells from the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) impairs mucosal integrity and ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00281-009-0158-3
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most important member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci and one of the most abundant colonizers of human skin. While for a long time regarded as innocuous, it has been identified as the most frequent cause of device-related infections occurring in the hospital setting and is the...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-011-0296-2
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basophils and mast cells have long been known to play critical roles in allergic disease and in immunity against parasitic infection. Accumulated evidence also supports that basophils and mast cells have important roles in immune regulations, host defense against bacteria and viruses, and autoimmune diseases. However,...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-016-0562-4
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular pathogens need to develop sophisticated mechanisms to survive and thrive in the hostile environment within host cells. Unicellular, eukaryotic parasites from the Apicomplexa phylum have become masters of manipulating their host cells, exploiting signaling, and metabolic pathways to hijack host gene expre...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-020-00779-z
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation and regulation of the cascade systems of the blood (the complement system, the coagulation/contact activation/kallikrein system, and the fibrinolytic system) occurs via activation of zymogen molecules to specific active proteolytic enzymes. Despite the fact that the generated proteases are all present toget...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-017-0646-9
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stronger adaptive immune responses in females can be observed in different mammals, resulting in better control of infections compared to males. However, this presumably evolutionary difference likely also drives higher incidence of autoimmune diseases observed in humans. Here, we summarize sex differences in the most...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-018-0723-8
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A relatively large number of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are known to regulate signaling through the T cell receptor (TCR). Recent human genetics studies have shown that several of these PTPs are encoded by major autoimmunity genes. Here, we will focus on the lymphoid tyrosine phosphatase (LYP), a critical ne...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00281-010-0201-4
更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unfortunately, an error occurred in the following passus of the article. The word "receptor" was missing in the sentence "Because T cells do not express GM-CSF receptor [41], GM-CSF affects non-T cells." ...
journal_title：Seminars in immunopathology
pub_type： 已发布勘误
doi：10.1007/s00281-019-00746-3
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
