Abstract:
:Recent years have brought a rapid growth in knowledge of the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is now clear that the clinical phase of PD is preceded by a phase of progressing neurodegeneration lasting many years. This involves not only central nervous system structures outside the substantia nigra and neurotransmitter systems other than the dopaminergic system, but also the peripheral nervous systems. Different ways of alpha-synuclein spreading are presumed, corresponding to typical prodromal non-motor symptoms like constipation, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and hyposmia. Moreover, many risk and prodromal markers have been identified and combined in the prodromal research criteria, which can be used to calculate an individual's probability of being in the prodromal phase of PD. Apart from specific genetic risk markers, including most importantly GBA- and LRRK2 mutations, RBD is currently the most important prodromal marker, predicting PD with a very high likelihood. This makes individuals with RBD a promising cohort for future clinical trials to detect and treat PD in its prodromal phase. New markers, especially those derived from tissue biopsies, quantitative motor assessment and imaging, appear very promising; these are paving the way for a better understanding of the prodromal phase and its potential clinicopathological subtypes, and a more precise probability calculation.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Schaeffer E,Postuma RB,Berg Ddoi
10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-01-01 00:00:00pages
331-356eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(20)30003-0journal_volume
252pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Results reported here confirm and extend those of early retrograde transport studies of the brainstem in the rat and cat. This study demonstrates substantial and multiple afferent projections to the cat locus coeruleus arising from neurons containing acetylcholine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine, his...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
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journal_title:Progress in brain research
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journal_title:Progress in brain research
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journal_title:Progress in brain research
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journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Progress in brain research
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title:Progress in brain research
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