Abstract：
:Glaucoma is a visual disorder characterized by progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which is often associated with high intraocular pressure. However, mechanisms of RGC death in glaucoma still remain a mystery. Two theories have been proposed as pathogeneses of glaucoma: mechanical and vascular. We demonstrate that glutamate excitotoxicity triggered by overactivation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors may contribute according to both theories to RGC death in glaucoma and other retinal diseases such as ischemia. From a therapeutic standpoint, NMDA receptors and downstream signaling pathways, triggered by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and caspases, are potential targets of intervention to prevent RGC death. Glutamate, however, mediates synaptic transmission essential for normal function of the nervous system. Hence, complete blockade of NMDA receptor activity causes unacceptable side effects. Studies in our laboratory have shown that an open-channel blocker of the NMDA receptors, memantine, blocks only excessive NMDA receptor activity while leaving normal function relatively intact. This characteristic endows memantine with clinical tolerability, as demonstrated by its approval for treatment of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, and clinical trials for glaucoma. In this review, we discuss improved memantine derivatives, p38 MAPK, and caspase inhibitors as plausible therapeutics to prevent RGC death.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Seki M,Lipton SAdoi
10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01134-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-01-01 00:00:00pages
495-510eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(08)01134-5journal_volume
173pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In this chapter, the distribution of Hsp70 in brain cell types following whole body hyperthermia is reviewed. The prevalence of Hsp70 expression in oligodendrocytes, microglia, and vascular cells in this type of stress contrasts with scarcity of Hsp70 induction in astrocytes and most neurons of the hyperthermic brain....
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)62020-7
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concerted efforts are realizing cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). In this chapter, I describe efforts at the Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University. These efforts use induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) as donor cells. The iPSCs were established as human leukocyte antig...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chapter reviews a classical Indian model of consciousness found in the Abhidhamma, a collection of seven treatises in the Pali Canon Tipitaka. The model was based on observations made during advanced vipassana practice, a first-person method taught by the Buddha. The climax of the model consists in the elucidation...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)68020-0
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent accounts of tinnitus development and maintenance assign an important role to central mechanisms. Residual inhibition is a frequent phenomenon in individuals with tinnitus, and refers to the fact that tinnitus can temporarily be reduced by presenting sounds or noises that inhibit tinnitus for a limited time even...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)66044-0
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human evolution was marked by an extraordinary increase in total brain size relative to body size. While it is certain that increased encephalization is an important factor contributing to the origin of our species-specific cognitive abilities, it is difficult to disentangle which aspects of human neural structure and...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00011-8
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research points to the notion that athletes have the potential to benefit from difficulty. This phenomenon-otherwise known as growth following adversity-has attracted increasing attention from sport psychology scholars. In this paper, we systematically review and synthesize the findings of studies in this area to bett...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.06.002
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Social cognitive skills play a crucial role in human life, and have allowed us to reach a unique level of behavioral and cultural complexity. However, many nonhuman species also show a complex understanding of the social world. Building on theories of human social development, we will follow the emergence of cultural ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.05.008
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinal ganglion cell axons within the globe are functionally specialized being richly provided with many mitochondria. The mitochondria produce the high energy requirement for nerve conduction in the unmyelinated part of the ganglion cell axons. We have proposed that in the initiation of glaucoma, an alteration in th...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01124-2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied visually guided behavior and the visual response properties of single auditory cortex (A1) neurons in neonatally operated hamsters with surgically induced, permanent, ectopic retinal projections to auditory thalamic nuclei and to visual thalamic nuclei which normally receive little direct retinal input. The...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34029-3
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies with nicotine have, from the outset, been of fundamental importance for the elucidation of physiological mechanisms. However, many nicotinic cholinoreceptors do not appear to subserve a physiological role, at least within the present framework of knowledge. The main challenge in the immediate future is to dete...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62461-9
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oestrogens (E) influence the activity of oxytocin (OT) producing neurons and heighten the rate of transcription of the oxytocin receptor (OTR) gene. Working through synergistic activities of two different oestrogen receptors (ERs), likely gene duplication products, in the hypothalamus and amygdala, E supports social r...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00424-X
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the "Histology of the Nervous System" (Histologie, Spanish edition, 1899, 1904; French translation, 1909, 1911; all citations are from the American translation, 1995) Cajal did not only describe the origins and central pathways of cranial nerves but his detailed observations led him to numerous conclusions about th...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(02)36036-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies performed during both waking rest and sleep show that the brain is continually active in distinct patterns that appear to reflect its underlying functional connectivity. In this review, potential sources that contribute to spontaneous fMRI activity will be discussed...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53839-0.00019-3
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability to silence, in a temporally precise fashion, the electrical activity of specific neurons embedded within intact brain tissue, is important for understanding the role that those neurons play in behaviors, brain disorders, and neural computations. "Optogenetic" silencers, genetically encoded molecules that, ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59426-6.00003-3
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cytoarchitecture and the histochemistry of nucleus prepositus hypoglossi and its afferent and efferent connections to oculomotor structures are described. The functional significance of the afferent connections of the nucleus is discussed in terms of current knowledge of the firing behavior of prepositus neurons i...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(05)51007-0
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Tibetan Buddhist classification of mind, its divisions and the system of meditation practices aimed at achieving ideal states of being are a complex presentation of psychological, behavioral and spiritual concepts and processes that demand thorough understanding before assessing their value and outcome (Yeshe, 199...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62160-3
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Partly due to the failure of anthropology to productively engage the fields of psychology and neuroscience, investigations in cultural neuroscience have occurred largely without the active involvement of anthropologists or anthropological theory. Dramatic advances in the tools and findings of social neuroscience have ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17803-2
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Impulsive testing, which accurately measures the gain of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is mostly recorded from only one eye. We measured the horizontal VOR of both eyes in response to graded velocity head impulses in 14 normal subjects. VOR acceleration gains were similar for each eye in both directions at low acc...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00626-2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of several mutations causing familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has led to the creation of multiple lines of mice expressing similar genetic alterations. These models present a unique opportunity for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms leading to PD in a mammalian brain and provide m...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(10)84004-X
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated microglia release a number of substances, the specific cocktail released depending on the stimulus. Many of the substances released by microglia also serve to activate them, suggesting the presence of a number of autocrine/paracrine loops. Because of the low density of microglia present in the normal brain, ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(01)32103-9
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The quantitative autoradiographic method with L-(35S)methionine was applied to investigate the effect of chronic dehydration on rates of protein synthesis in circumventricular organs (CVOs). Water deprivation for 1, 2 and 3 days causes progressive increases of protein synthesis in the subfornical organ (SFO), the area...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62363-8
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Early intervention and environmental optimization have been central to management of Down syndrome (DS) and much of current treatment is still focused in strategies that involve early education plans. This approach has provided significant improvements for Down syndrome but it is not providing a full success. The disc...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.11.001
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurons in the midbrain superior colliculus (SC) have the ability to integrate information from different senses to profoundly increase their sensitivity to external events. This not only enhances an organism's ability to detect and localize these events, but to program appropriate motor responses to them. The surviva...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53752-2.00007-2
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We developed a theoretical framework for studying coordination strategies in standing posture. The framework consists of a musculoskeletal model of the human lower extremity in the sagittal plane and a technique to visualize, geometrically, how constraints internal and external to the body affect movement. The set of ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62294-3
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The rat subcommissural organ (SCO), which forms the roof of the third ventricle is an adequate model to study certain mechanisms of neuron-glia interactions in vivo. The ependymocytes, the main component of the SCO, have a glial origin. They possess particular phenotypic characteristics: they accumulate [3H]GABA by a ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62352-3
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the kidney, the actions of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) renders the collecting duct highly permeable to water. This large increase in water permeability is largely due to the translocation of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) from intracellular storage vesicles to the apical plasma membra...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00444-5
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schwann cells (SCs), when implanted in the injured spinal cord, support regeneration of axons, myelinate or ensheathe regenerated axons in a normal way, reduce cyst formation in the injured tissue, reduce secondary damage of tissue around the initial injury site, and modestly improve limb movements. If SC transplantat...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59544-7.00014-7
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The main topic of this overview is an analysis of the concepts of phase and synchrony, as used in neurophysiology, in their various meanings. A number of notions related to the concepts of phase and synchrony, which are incorporated in contemporary neurophysiology, particularly in the domain of neuro-cognitive physiol...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)59001-6
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The data presented in this paper show that the appropriate tools are now available to study the behavior of PLP and DM20 transcripts engineered with either point mutations or deletion of specific domains. Such studies should begin to provide new insights into the functions of PLP and DM20 and their role in relation to...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63307-5
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the developing rat spinal cord, formation and differentiation of the central pattern generator for locomotion occur during the prenatal period. Early on, excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by glycine receptors plays a leading role for rhythmogenesis, at a later stage, followed by glutamate-receptor-mediated ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43005-7
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
