Abstract:
:Human evolution was marked by an extraordinary increase in total brain size relative to body size. While it is certain that increased encephalization is an important factor contributing to the origin of our species-specific cognitive abilities, it is difficult to disentangle which aspects of human neural structure and function are correlated by-products of brain size expansion from those that are specifically related to particular psychological specializations, such as language and enhanced "mentalizing" abilities. In this chapter, we review evidence from allometric scaling studies demonstrating that much of human neocortical organization can be understood as a product of brain enlargement. Defining extra-allometric specializations in humans is often hampered by a severe lack of comparative data from the same neuroanatomical variables across a broad range of primates. When possible, we highlight evidence for features of human neocortical architecture and function that cannot be easily explained as correlates of brain size and, hence, might be more directly associated with the evolution of uniquely human cognitive capacities.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Sherwood CC,Bauernfeind AL,Bianchi S,Raghanti MA,Hof PRdoi
10.1016/B978-0-444-53860-4.00011-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
237-54eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
B978-0-444-53860-4.00011-8journal_volume
195pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::When discrepant stimuli are presented to each eye and fusion is impossible, perception spontaneously oscillates between the two patterns (binocular rivalry). Functional MRI (fMRI) research identified a frontoparietal network in the right hemisphere associated with perceptual transitions, and it has been proposed that ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)55013-7
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the kidney, the actions of the antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) renders the collecting duct highly permeable to water. This large increase in water permeability is largely due to the translocation of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP-2) from intracellular storage vesicles to the apical plasma membra...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00444-5
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although circannual rhythms controlling different physiological processes and various aspects of behavior have been reported in numerous organisms, our understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms is still quite limited. We examined the mechanisms controlling the circannual pupation rhythm of the varied carpe...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-59427-3.00025-3
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is increasing evidence that human cognitive functions can be addressed from a robust neuroscience perspective. In particular, the distributed coherent electrical properties of central neuronal ensembles are considered to be a promising avenue of inquiry concerning global brain functions. The intrinsic oscillator...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50010-4
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been known for decades that females are more susceptible than men to inflammatory autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis. In addition, female patients with these diseases experience clinical improvements during pregnancy with a temporary "rebound" exacerbatio...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17516-7
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During walking, an increase in speed is accompanied by a decrease in the stance phase duration while the swing phase remains relatively invariant. By definition, the rhythm generator in the lumbar spinal cord controls cycle period, phase durations, and phase transitions. Our first aim was to determine if this asymmetr...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-53825-3.00007-3
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Local recurrent connections endow the cerebellar cortex with an intrinsic dynamics. We performed computer simulations to predict the frequency bands of the oscillations that will most likely emerge. Feedback inhibition from the Golgi to the granule cells induced 10-50 Hz oscillations, the period at resonance being app...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(04)48015-7
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain processing of pain in humans is based on multiple ascending pathways and brain regions that are involved in several pain components, such as sensory, immediate affective, and secondary affective dimensions. These dimensions are processed both serially and in parallel. They include spinal ascending pathways that ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(06)57020-7
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although visually responsive neurons predominate in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the majority of them also receive sensory inputs from nonvisual sources (i.e. auditory and/or somatosensory). Most of these 'multisensory' neurons are able to synthesize their cross-modal inputs and, as a consequence, ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34011-6
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aromatase is the enzyme that catalyzes the last step of estrogen biosynthesis. It is expressed in many tissues such as the gonads, brain and adipose tissue. The regulation of the level and activity of aromatase determines the levels of estrogens that have endocrine, paracrine and autocrine effects on tissues. Estrogen...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)81012-6
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Follicular development and ovulation are strongly inhibited during lactation. Administration of a high dose of estrogen induces luteinizing hormone (LH) surges in ovariectomized lactating rats, suggesting that brain mechanisms regulating cyclic LH release remain intact in lactating mothers. On the other hand, tonic LH...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(01)33014-5
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injuries to the adult mammalian spinal cord often lead to severe damage to both ascending (sensory) pathways and descending (motor) nerve pathways without the perspective of complete functional recovery. Future spinal cord repair strategies should comprise a multi-factorial approach addressing several issues, includin...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(03)46029-9
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the past, medicine was dominated by acute diseases. Since treatments were unknown to patients they followed their medical doctors´ directives-at least for the duration of the disease. Behavior was thus largely motivated by avoiding expected costs associated with alternative behaviors (I-must). The health challenges...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.06.013
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is generally defined as visual field loss and optic nerve defects consistent with glaucoma and an intraocular pressure (IOP) that does not exceed 21 mmHg (Allingham, R.R., Damji, K., Freedman, S., Moroi, S., Shafranov, G., Shields, M.B. (2005). In: Pine J. and Murphy J. (Eds.), Shields' T...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01114-X
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroimaging studies of major depression have identified neurophysiological abnormalities in multiple areas of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the amygdala, and related parts of the striatum and thalamus. Some of these abnormalities are mood state-dependent, and appear in regions where cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(00)26027-5
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retinogeniculate connections are one of the most striking examples of connection specificity within the visual pathway. In almost every connection there is one dominant afferent cell per geniculate cell, and both afferent and geniculate cells have very similar receptive fields. The remarkable specificity and strength ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)54001-4
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injuries often lead to disorders in the control of autonomic function, including problems with blood pressure regulation, voiding, defecation and reproduction. The root cause of all these problems is the destruction of brain pathways that control spinal autonomic neurons lying caudal to the lesion. Changes...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(05)52001-6
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Research points to the notion that athletes have the potential to benefit from difficulty. This phenomenon-otherwise known as growth following adversity-has attracted increasing attention from sport psychology scholars. In this paper, we systematically review and synthesize the findings of studies in this area to bett...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.06.002
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the discovery of nerve growth factor (NGF) in the 1950s and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the 1980s, a great deal of evidence has mounted for the roles of neurotrophins (NGF; BDNF; neurotrophin-3, NT-3; and neurotrophin-4/5, NT-4/5) in development, physiology, and pathology. BDNF in particular has ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63022-2
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuronal activity increases synthesis of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA in vivo and in vitro. We have investigated the pathways through which neuronal activity stimulated by kainic acid regulates BDNF mRNA levels in cultured hippocampal neurons and transgenic mice. Kainic acid induced the transcription ...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64007-8
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular biology techniques have begun to shed light on the genetic basis of autosomal dominant central DI, but several very basic questions remain to be answered. The disorder was initially presumed to have a developmental, degenerative, or autoimmune basis based on the autopsy findings in the hypothalamus of a limi...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64580-x
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Immunoreactive oxytocin (OXT) detected in extracts of human coeliac ganglia and nn. vagi was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC/RIA examinations demonstrated that a major part of the immunoreactive material in both investigated areas co-eluted with a reference synthetic OXT, but in th...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62321-3
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For diagnostic purposes, a differentiation can be made between the locus coeruleus (LC) in normal brain and the LC, in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The differentiation is based on findings concerning the morphological alterations of the TH-immunoreactive; neurons, on the...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63839-x
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Network oscillations are proposed to provide the framework for the ongoing neural computations of the brain. Thus, an important aspect of understanding the functional roles of various cell classes in the brain is to understand the relationship of cellular activity to the ongoing oscillations. While many studies have c...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63012-X
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothalamic-neurohypophysial system undergoes dramatic morphological plasticity in response to physiological activation during parturition/lactation and dehydration, including somatic swelling, decreased glial coverage and increased synaptic innervation of the magnocellular neuroendocrine cells. Recent in-vitro e...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(02)39011-3
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of neurodegeneration; however, therapies to prevent or treat AD are inadequate. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) protein accrues in cortical senile plaques, one of the key neuropathological hallmarks of AD, and is elevated in brains of early onset AD patients in a small number o...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17506-4
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Today's researchers are faced with a change from curiosity-driven to mandate-driven research. These two approaches are well combined within scientific networks (Actions) supported by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program. The functioning of COST Actions, although directed only to networking...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-63486-3.09999-0
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human and nonhuman primates predictively use smooth pursuit and saccades to track visual targets that move in a fronto-parallel plane. This behaviour is believed to be facilitated by short-term memory of the target motion and/or an efference copy of the subject's motor effort. Subjects in our experiments tracked dicho...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00666-3
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results from the language studies taken as a whole point to different developmental time courses and developmental vulnerabilities of aspects of grammatical and semantic/lexical processing. They thus provide support for conceptions of language that distinguish these subprocesses within language. Similarly, followi...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0079-6123(02)38078-6
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The organization of key molecules at glutamatergic synapses in the rat cerebellar cortex as analyzed by high resolution immunocytochemical techniques using gold particles as markers. The distinct compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine was consistent with biochemical data indicating an active role of glia in the r...
journal_title:Progress in brain research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63360-9
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00