Abstract：
:In the "Histology of the Nervous System" (Histologie, Spanish edition, 1899, 1904; French translation, 1909, 1911; all citations are from the American translation, 1995) Cajal did not only describe the origins and central pathways of cranial nerves but his detailed observations led him to numerous conclusions about the functional organization of brainstem reflexes. From studies of vagal and glossopharyngeal afferents he proposed a structural organization of the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). His view has been considerably changed by several authors on the basis of modern tracing studies. However, detailed histological examinations of functionally identified sensory fibers provided new understanding of a functional organization of the solitary nucleus that is very well in line with Cajal's original descriptions. The prophetic character of Cajal's concepts of structural-functional relations becomes even more evident by a reconsideration of his explanations of the reflexes underlying respiration, coughing and vomiting. Recent electrophysiological studies of spontaneously rhythmically active in vitro preparations have provided us with new insights in respiratory control. However, it appears that quite a number of Cajal's key questions concerning respiratory reflexes are still not solved. Therefore, a reconsideration of old and partly forgotten concepts might indeed provide a novel understanding of the structural and functional organization of brainstem reflexes.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Schwarzacher SWdoi
10.1016/s0079-6123(02)36036-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
435-42eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(02)36036-9journal_volume
136pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Activated microglia release a number of substances, the specific cocktail released depending on the stimulus. Many of the substances released by microglia also serve to activate them, suggesting the presence of a number of autocrine/paracrine loops. Because of the low density of microglia present in the normal brain, ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(01)32103-9
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In our overview, we will attempt to justify the use of animal models and suggest that it is the only way to make the successive transitions between changes occurring at the molecular and cellular levels and changes at the level of behaviour in the intact organism. We will also stress the importance of criteria that ha...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)00016-7
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The idea of the dentate gyrus as a gate or filter at the entrance to the hippocampus, blocking or filtering incoming excitation from the entorhinal cortex, has been an intriguing one. Here we review the historical development of the idea, and discuss whether it may be possible to be more specific in defining this gate...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63032-5
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It was generally accepted by the early 1960s that proton beam radiosurgery was too complex and impractical. The need was seen for a new machine. The beam design had to be as good as a proton beam. It was also decided that a static design was preferable even if the evolution of that notion is no longer clear. Complex c...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-63520-4.00007-7
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Otoacoustic emissions can be used to study cochlear function in an objective, non-invasive and rapid manner. These and other desirable features of emissions have inspired a significant amount of investigation into the practicalities of utilizing evoked emissions as clinical tests of hearing. Variables which affect the...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62265-7
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(02)36003-5
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56019-4
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Studies with nicotine have, from the outset, been of fundamental importance for the elucidation of physiological mechanisms. However, many nicotinic cholinoreceptors do not appear to subserve a physiological role, at least within the present framework of knowledge. The main challenge in the immediate future is to dete...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62461-9
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2019.03.023
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(09)17613-6
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)64027-3
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nerve growth factor (NGF) is required for the survival of developing sympathetic and sensory neurons. In the absence of NGF, these neurons undergo protein synthesis-dependent apoptosis. Ten years have gone by since the first reports of specific genes being upregulated during NGF deprivation-induced cell death. Over th...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)46008-1
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34020-7
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intron-specific probes measure heteronuclear RNA (hnRNA) levels and thus approximate the transcription rates of genes, in part because of the rapid turnover of this intermediate form of RNA in the cell nucleus. Previously, we used oxytocin (Oxt)- and vasopressin (Avp)- intron-specific riboprobes to measure changes in ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00404-4
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Retinal ganglion cell axons within the globe are functionally specialized being richly provided with many mitochondria. The mitochondria produce the high energy requirement for nerve conduction in the unmyelinated part of the ganglion cell axons. We have proposed that in the initiation of glaucoma, an alteration in th...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01124-2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors have been implicated as a mediator of neuronal injury associated with many neurological disorders including ischemia, epilepsy, brain trauma, dementia and neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease. To this, non-selective NMDA receptor ant...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(10)83009-2
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GABAergic interneurons of the parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking basket cells subtype (PV INs) are important regulators of cortical network excitability and of gamma oscillations, involved in signal processing and cognition. Impaired development or function of PV INs has been associated with epilepsy in various animal ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.012
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of the vesitibulo-cerebellum of the rabbit in the control of the vestibulo-ocular response (VOR) and optokinetic response (OKR) reflexes was investigated by bilateral microinjections, into the flocculus, of substances affecting GABAergic or noradrenergic neurotransmission. GABA, the main transmitter through w...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63829-7
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.003
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59575-1.00009-0
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56009-1
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schwann cells (SCs), when implanted in the injured spinal cord, support regeneration of axons, myelinate or ensheathe regenerated axons in a normal way, reduce cyst formation in the injured tissue, reduce secondary damage of tissue around the initial injury site, and modestly improve limb movements. If SC transplantat...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59544-7.00014-7
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter reviews the neurological phenotype of Down syndrome (DS) in early development, childhood, and aging. Neuroanatomic abnormalities in DS are manifested as aberrations in gross brain structure as well as characteristic microdysgenetic changes. As the result of these morphological abnormalities, brain circuit...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-54299-1.00006-6
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)67008-3
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:VLBW infants are at risk of lesions including intraventricular haemorrhage and periventricular leucomalacia. Those with normal IQ still present with reading difficulties. Oculomotor performance was assessed on 14 VLBWs (IQ > 85) and 15 full-term age-matched controls. Anti-saccade errors were significantly higher for t...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)40070-2
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Selective neuronal loss following status epilepticus was first described just under 100 years ago. The acute pathology following status epilepticus was shown to be 'ischemic cell change' and was assumed to arise through hypoxia/ischemia. Less than 30 years ago it was proposed, from experiments in primates, that the se...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)35003-9
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Until recently, the constraints imposed on decision makers by the human physical condition - situated both as a physical agent and within physical space - have played only an incidental, if not entirely inconsequential, role in conceptualizations of human decision making. The act of deciding has been positioned as the...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(09)01316-8
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cognitive changes that occur with ageing are usually referred to as 'age-related cognitive decline'. The most pronounced changes may be found in the executive functions that require integrity of the prefrontal cortical circuitry. With age, sleep also changes profoundly, with more sleep fragmentation, earlier awake...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00011-7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Understanding how action perception, embodiment, and emotion interact is essential for advancing knowledge about how we perceive and interact with each other in a social world. One tool that has proved particularly useful in the past decade for exploring the relationship between perception, action, and affect is dance...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.03.012
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mental time travel (MTT) allows navigation into the past, the future, and the minds of others, and it subserves future-oriented decision-making. Impaired MTT has been associated with a tendency to over-rely on the present, which is a characteristic of addictive behaviors. We here discuss the possible relationship betw...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.07.011
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
