Abstract：
:Selective attention is an important aspect of brain function that we need in coping with the immense and constant barrage of sensory information. One model of attention (Feature Integration Theory) that suggests an early selection of spatial locations of objects via an attentional spotlight would also solve the 'binding problem' (that is how do different attributes of each object get correctly bound together?). Our experiments have demonstrated modulation of specific locations of interest at the level of the primary visual cortex both in visual discrimination and memory tasks, where the actual locations of the targets was also important in being able to perform the task. It is suggested that the feedback mediating the modulation arises from the posterior parietal cortex, which would also be consistent with its known role in attentional control. In primates, the magnocellular (M) and parvocellular (P) pathways are the two major streams of inputs from the retina, carrying distinctly different types of information and they remain fairly segregated in their projections to the primary visual cortex and further into the extra-striate regions. The P inputs go mainly into the ventral (temporal) stream, while the dorsal (parietal) stream is dominated by M inputs. A theory of attentional gating is proposed here where the M dominated dorsal stream gates the P inputs into the ventral stream. This framework is used to provide a neural explanation of the processes involved in reading and in learning to read. This scheme also explains how a magnocellular deficit could cause the common reading impairment, dyslexia.
journal_name
Prog Brain Resjournal_title
Progress in brain researchauthors
Vidyasagar TRdoi
10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34020-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
297-312eissn
0079-6123issn
1875-7855pii
S0079-6123(01)34020-7journal_volume
134pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:A computational model of the mammalian spinal cord circuitry incorporating a two-level central pattern generator (CPG) with separate half-center rhythm generator (RG) and pattern formation (PF) networks is reviewed. The model consists of interacting populations of interneurons and motoneurons described in the Hodgkin-...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)65015-2
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:GABAergic interneurons of the parvalbumin-positive fast-spiking basket cells subtype (PV INs) are important regulators of cortical network excitability and of gamma oscillations, involved in signal processing and cognition. Impaired development or function of PV INs has been associated with epilepsy in various animal ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.04.012
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Converging evidence from both human and animal studies has highlighted the pervasive role of two neuropeptides, oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP), in mammalian social behaviours. Recent molecular genetic studies of the human arginine vasopressin 1a (AVPR1a) and oxytocin (OXTR) receptors have strengthened t...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00434-2
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) is generally defined as visual field loss and optic nerve defects consistent with glaucoma and an intraocular pressure (IOP) that does not exceed 21 mmHg (Allingham, R.R., Damji, K., Freedman, S., Moroi, S., Shafranov, G., Shields, M.B. (2005). In: Pine J. and Murphy J. (Eds.), Shields' T...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)01114-X
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glial scar encapsulation is thought to be one of the major reasons for the failure of chronic brain-machine interfaces. Many strategies, including modification of the probe surface chemistry, delivery of anti-inflammatory drugs, and changes of probe geometry, have been employed to reduce glial scar formation. We have ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53815-4.00001-7
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The results from the language studies taken as a whole point to different developmental time courses and developmental vulnerabilities of aspects of grammatical and semantic/lexical processing. They thus provide support for conceptions of language that distinguish these subprocesses within language. Similarly, followi...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(02)38078-6
更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Objects have specific cognitive attributes, elicit particular visuo-motor responses, and require visual processes beyond primary visual cortex to combine information over extended regions as a basis for the segmentation and integration of visual objects. As well as segmentation, the assignment of region boundaries to ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)64008-4
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the 1660s and 1670s, Thomas Willis (1621-1675) pursued an ambitious program of brain science. Instead of the speculative approach favored by René Descartes (1596-1659), Willis used comparative anatomy to figure out the workings of the brain and nerves. As a result, Willis is still cited by science writers as th...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.009
更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Predictive processes are widespread in the motor and sensory areas of the primate brain. They enable rapid computations despite processing delays and assist in resolving noisy, ambiguous input. Here we propose that the frontal eye field, a cortical area devoted to sensorimotor aspects of eye movement control, implemen...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(08)00656-0
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The morphology of single physiologically-identified lateral and medial vestibulospinal tract (LVST and MVST) axons was analysed, using intracellular staining with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and three-dimensional reconstruction of axonal trajectories in the cat. Axons were penetrated in the cervical cord at C1-C8 wit...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62207-4
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epileptic seizures cause dynamic, reversible changes in brain function and are often associated with loss of consciousness. Of all seizure types, absence seizures lead to the most selective deficits in consciousness, with relatively little motor or other manifestations. Impaired consciousness in absence seizures is no...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(05)50020-7
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The organization of key molecules at glutamatergic synapses in the rat cerebellar cortex as analyzed by high resolution immunocytochemical techniques using gold particles as markers. The distinct compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine was consistent with biochemical data indicating an active role of glia in the r...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63360-9
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The BBB is a target for some peptide signals, as demonstrated by our group for arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and atriopeptin (ANP). Peptide molecules contacting the luminal surface of endothelial cells interact with specific high-affinity binding sites. The minimal simple diffusion of peptide molecules across the layer o...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62330-4
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic status varies predictably on a daily and seasonal basis in order to adapt to the cyclical environment. The hypothalamic circadian pacemaker of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) co-ordinates these metabolic cycles. Circadian timing is based upon a transcriptional/post-translational negative feedback loop invol...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(06)53015-8
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of endogenous metabolites of the neuropeptide vasopressin (VP) in behavioural tests led to the hypothesis that VP metabolites have a more selective function than VP. In contrast to VP, no peripheral effects have been found thus far with VP metabolites and their function seems to be associated with memory-r...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61591-5
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The idea of the dentate gyrus as a gate or filter at the entrance to the hippocampus, blocking or filtering incoming excitation from the entorhinal cortex, has been an intriguing one. Here we review the historical development of the idea, and discuss whether it may be possible to be more specific in defining this gate...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(07)63032-5
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Follicular development and ovulation are strongly inhibited during lactation. Administration of a high dose of estrogen induces luteinizing hormone (LH) surges in ovariectomized lactating rats, suggesting that brain mechanisms regulating cyclic LH release remain intact in lactating mothers. On the other hand, tonic LH...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)33014-5
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the developing rat spinal cord, formation and differentiation of the central pattern generator for locomotion occur during the prenatal period. Early on, excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by glycine receptors plays a leading role for rhythmogenesis, at a later stage, followed by glutamate-receptor-mediated ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(03)43005-7
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High affinity binding sites for vasopressin (VP) are widely distributed within the rat brain and spinal cord. Since their presence is associated with neuronal sensitivity to VP application, their anatomical distribution maps structures which could be activated by endogenous VP. Interestingly, marked species-related di...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61561-7
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cognitive changes that occur with ageing are usually referred to as 'age-related cognitive decline'. The most pronounced changes may be found in the executive functions that require integrity of the prefrontal cortical circuitry. With age, sleep also changes profoundly, with more sleep fragmentation, earlier awake...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53702-7.00011-7
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) triggers a form of respiratory plasticity known as long-term facilitation (LTF), which is manifested as a progressive increase in respiratory motor activity that lasts for minutes to hours after the hypoxic stimulus is removed. Respiratory LTF has been reported in numerous animal model...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-63488-7.00011-2
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although visually responsive neurons predominate in the deep layers of the superior colliculus (SC), the majority of them also receive sensory inputs from nonvisual sources (i.e. auditory and/or somatosensory). Most of these 'multisensory' neurons are able to synthesize their cross-modal inputs and, as a consequence, ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(01)34011-6
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Otoacoustic emissions can be used to study cochlear function in an objective, non-invasive and rapid manner. These and other desirable features of emissions have inspired a significant amount of investigation into the practicalities of utilizing evoked emissions as clinical tests of hearing. Variables which affect the...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)62265-7
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A remarkable preparation for studying development and repair is the CNS of the newborn opossum which, removed in its entirety, survives in culture for more than 1 week. In suitable medium, cells continue to divide, mature and reflex activity is maintained. Moreover, nerve fibers grow rapidly, reliably and extensively ...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61141-3
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This chapter provides evidence of spatial and temporal changes in the behavior of neurons within Areas 5 and 4 of the sensorimotor cortex of a nonhuman primate while it was executing a perturbed arm-reaching task. Chronically implanted electrode arrays were used to record simultaneously from 37 to 58 neurons. Also mea...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(03)43045-8
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of several mutations causing familial forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has led to the creation of multiple lines of mice expressing similar genetic alterations. These models present a unique opportunity for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms leading to PD in a mammalian brain and provide m...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(10)84004-X
更新日期：2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During walking, an increase in speed is accompanied by a decrease in the stance phase duration while the swing phase remains relatively invariant. By definition, the rhythm generator in the lumbar spinal cord controls cycle period, phase durations, and phase transitions. Our first aim was to determine if this asymmetr...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-53825-3.00007-3
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-scale neural simulations have the marks of a distinct methodology which can be fruitfully deployed in neuroscience. I distinguish between two types of applications of the simulation methodology in neuroscientific research. Model-oriented applications aim to use the simulation outputs to derive new hypotheses abo...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/bs.pbr.2017.05.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present contribution, the various functional interpretations concerning the putative function of the orbital prefrontal cortex are reviewed since this region and adjacent areas are considered the neural substrate of social behavior in general, and decision-making behavior in particular. This literature review r...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0079-6123(09)01306-5
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The therapeutic potential of stem cells for regeneration after cerebral lesion has become of great interest. This is particularly so for neurodegenerative diseases as well as for stroke. Contrary to more conventional, cerebroprotective treatment approaches, the focus of regeneration lies in a longer time window during...
journal_title：Progress in brain research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/B978-0-444-59544-7.00004-4
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
