Harnessing plasticity to understand learning and treat disease.

abstract：:Active feedback mechanisms in the ears of mammals amplify and tune the auditory response to sound stimuli, allowing these organisms to enjoy both exquisite sensitivity and sharp frequency selectivity. A requisite component of this feedback pathway has recently been identified. Targeted deletion of pres, the gene that ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Géléoc GS,Holt JR

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent monkey studies demonstrate that feedforward processing in the visual system is reflected by activity in the 40-90Hz gamma band, whereas feedback is reflected by activity in the 5-18Hz alpha and beta band. These findings can be applied to interpret human electrophysiological activity in complex visual tasks....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jensen O,Bonnefond M,Marshall TR,Tiesinga P

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroethics, a recently modernized field at the intersection of bioethics and neuroscience, is founded on centuries of discussion of the ethical issues associated with mind and behavior. Broadly defined, neuroethics is concerned with ethical, legal and social policy implications of neuroscience, and with aspects of ne...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Illes J,Bird SJ

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The principal ovarian estrogen, estradiol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have widespread effects on the CNS that have usually been studied independently. This article examines the similarities in the effects of estradiol and BDNF in the hippocampus, in light of the evidence that estradiol can induce BDN...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Scharfman HE,Maclusky NJ

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mature rodents, whisker-related patterns are known to be present in three levels of the brain: the brainstem trigeminal nuclei, the ventrobasal thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. These patterns have been demonstrated using neuroanatomical tracing techniques, histological and histochemical staining methods and e...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Waite PM,Marotte LR,Leamey CA,Mark RF

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severed distal segments of nerve axons (anucleate axons) have now been reported to survive for weeks to years in representative organisms from most phyla, including the vertebrates. Among invertebrates (especially crustaceans), such long-term survival might involve transfer of proteins from adjacent intact cells to an...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bittner GD

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It might appear curious to read about yeast, slime molds and protozoa in a journal dedicated to neuroscience. However, despite their distinct lack of synapses, eukaryotic microorganisms hold a wealth of information relevant to the signal-transduction pathways that underly activity in neuronal receptor cells, particula...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Van Houten J

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:P2X receptors are cation-selective ion channels that open on binding to extracellular ATP; they play a role in fast synaptic transmission between neurones, and from autonomic nerves to smooth muscles. Isolation of cDNAs that encode P2X receptors in the smooth muscle of vas deferens and in phaeochromocytoma cells indic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Surprenant A,Buell G,North RA

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent opinion surveys suggest that the majority of the public is willing to accept the use of animals in research if high standards of welfare and effective regulation are in place. The public appears unaware that such standards have existed for some time. The scientific community should now re-focus its communicatio...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Matfield M

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The birth of new neurons in the walls of the adult brain lateral ventricles has captured the attention of many neuroscientists for over 2 decades, yielding key insights into the identity and regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), NSCs are a specialized form of ast...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lim DA,Alvarez-Buylla A

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Motoneurones are known to die (1) during embryonic development (naturally occurring cell death), (2) early in postnatal development after axonal injury, and (3) as a consequence of disease, such as spinal muscular atrophy or (in later life) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Naturally occurring motoneurone death has been ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lowrie MB,Vrbová G

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hippocampus is thought to automatically encode all experience, yet the vast majority of our experiences are not remembered later. Although psychological theories have postulated the existence of decay processes for declarative memory, the corresponding neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. Here we develop the hy...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frankland PW,Köhler S,Josselyn SA

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The colors perceived by humans in response to light stimuli are generally described in terms of four color categories (reds, greens, blues and yellows), the members of which are systematically arrayed around gray. This broadly accepted description of color sensation differs fundamentally from the light that induces it...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lotto RB,Purves D

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Potassium channels are crucial regulators of neuronal excitability, setting resting membrane potentials and firing thresholds, repolarizing action potentials and limiting excitability. Although most of our understanding of K+ channels is based on somatic recordings, there is good evidence that these channels are prese...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Dodson PD,Forsythe ID

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interaural time differences (ITDs) represent an important cue in sound localization and auditory scene analysis. To assess this cue the auditory system internally delays binaural inputs to compensate for the outer delay, before neurons in the brainstem detect the coincident arrival of the inputs from the two ears. Dif...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Vonderschen K,Wagner H

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integrins comprise a large family of heterodimeric proteins that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular-matrix adhesive connections. There is an extensive literature on their importance in neural development and cancer, but evidence for the existence of integrins in the adult CNS has emerged only recently. With grow...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jones LS

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzodiazepines are widely used clinically to treat anxiety and insomnia. They also induce muscle relaxation, control epileptic seizures, and can produce amnesia. Moreover, benzodiazepines are often abused after chronic clinical treatment and also for recreational purposes. Within weeks, tolerance to the pharmacologic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tan KR,Rudolph U,Lüscher C

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptation to the ever-changing world is critical for survival, and our brains are particularly tuned to remember events that differ from previous experiences. Novel experiences induce dopamine release in the hippocampus, a process which promotes memory persistence. While axons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) we...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Duszkiewicz AJ,McNamara CG,Takeuchi T,Genzel L

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Foraging-associated predation risk is a natural problem all prey must face. Fear evolved due to its protective functions, guiding and shaping behaviors that help animals adapt to various ecological challenges. Despite the breadth of risky situations in nature that demand diversity in fear behaviors, contemporary neuro...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pellman BA,Kim JJ

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An abundance of experimental literature has established that gonadal steroid hormones are responsible for the sexual differentiation of neural circuitry, mediating a variety of reproductive behaviors and physiological mechanisms. These same hormones regulate the expression of reproductive function in the adult and may...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Simerly RB

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural tube closure fails in both mouse and Xenopus when dishevelled and other components of the planar-cell-polarity pathway are misregulated. The underlying defect involves a failure of convergent extension in the midline of the early neural plate. Although bilateral neural folds form, they are abnormally far apart ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Copp AJ,Greene ND,Murdoch JN

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic studies have identified several of the genes associated with malformations of cortical development which might disrupt each of the main stages of cell proliferation and specification, neuronal migration and late cortical organization. The largest malformation groups, focal cortical dysplasia, heterotopia and p...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Guerrini R,Dobyns WB,Barkovich AJ

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic mouse models based on identification of genes that cause Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases have revolutionized understanding of the mechanistic pathophysiological progression of these disorders. These models allow the earliest manifestations of the diseases to be identified, and they display behavioral, ne...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Levine MS,Cepeda C,Hickey MA,Fleming SM,Chesselet MF

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Communicative, predatory, and reproductive behaviors rely on the auditory thalamocortical system, a key nexus that combines, transforms, and distributes virtually all acoustic information relevant to survival. The rules of connectivity for this complex network, both anatomically and functionally, are only beginning to...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Winer JA,Miller LM,Lee CC,Schreiner CE

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in understanding the biology of neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways have provided important insights into the normal growth, differentiation and maintenance of neurons. Stimulated by neuropathological observations and genetic discoveries, studies in cell and animal models of neurodegenerative di...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Salehi A,Delcroix JD,Mobley WC

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurodegenerative tauopathies are marked by their common pathologic feature of aggregates formed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, which are associated with synapse and neuronal loss. Changes in tau conformation result in both loss of normal function and gain of fibrillogenicity that leads to aggregation. Here, we d...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spires-Jones TL,Stoothoff WH,de Calignon A,Jones PB,Hyman BT

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia, symptoms are present that appear to reflect an essential absence of normal movement, cognition and emotional states. These negative symptoms might reflect fundamental impairments in basic brain mechanisms that underlie goa...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Brown RG,Pluck G

更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons are dynamic cells that respond and adapt to stimuli throughout their long postmitotic lives. The structural and functional plasticity of neurons requires the regulated transcription of new gene products, and dysregulation of transcription in either the developing or adult brain impairs cognition. We discuss ho...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Gallegos DA,Chan U,Chen LF,West AE

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose has long been considered the substrate for neuronal energy metabolism in the brain. Recently, an alternative explanation of energy metabolism in the active brain, the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis, has received attention. It suggests that during neural activity energy needs in glia are met by ana...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Chih CP,Lipton P,Roberts EL Jr

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hormone melatonin was first identified about 30 years ago as a secretory product of the pineal gland. In mammals, the daily rhythm of pineal melatonin synthesis is controlled by neural inputs. The CNS is thought to be a primary target organ involved in mediating the influence of melatonin on a variety of physiolog...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Krause DN,Dubocovich ML

更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00