Auditory thalamocortical transformation: structure and function.

abstract：:P2X receptors are cation-selective ion channels that open on binding to extracellular ATP; they play a role in fast synaptic transmission between neurones, and from autonomic nerves to smooth muscles. Isolation of cDNAs that encode P2X receptors in the smooth muscle of vas deferens and in phaeochromocytoma cells indic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Surprenant A,Buell G,North RA

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axonal transport is critical for neuronal homeostasis and relies on motor complexes bound to cargoes via specific adaptors. However, the mechanisms responsible for the spatiotemporal regulation of axonal transport are not completely understood. A recent study by Liao et al. contributes to filling this gap by reporting...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Fratta P,Birsa N,Tosolini AP,Schiavo G

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendrites of pyramidal neurons are complex, electrically active structures that can produce local and global Ca(2+) compartments. Recent studies indicate that dendrites of cortical GABAergic interneurons are also highly specialized, and that different subtypes vary in their morphology, in their intrinsic and synaptic ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Goldberg JH,Yuste R

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the classical picture of brain function, electrical impulses are initiated in sensory organs and spread rapidly down axons, jumping synaptic clefts by neurochemical transmission. Patterns of electrical activity generated in this way integrate information throughout the brain and result in coordinated motor output. ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kennedy MB

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent opinion surveys suggest that the majority of the public is willing to accept the use of animals in research if high standards of welfare and effective regulation are in place. The public appears unaware that such standards have existed for some time. The scientific community should now re-focus its communicatio...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Matfield M

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of the brain during noxious experience converge on the anterior cingulate cortex as a key region in the processing of pain. A recent exciting study extends this understanding to include the anterior cingulate as a center for endogenous opioid activation specific to negative pain affect. ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Derbyshire SW

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resolvins, including D and E series resolvins, are endogenous lipid mediators generated during the resolution phase of acute inflammation from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Resolvins have potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution actions in severa...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ji RR,Xu ZZ,Strichartz G,Serhan CN

更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to innocuous stimuli, which only have transient effects when applied to the body surface, noxious stimuli generate persistent changes in the nervous system. This nociceptive memory manifests itself most prominently as a post-injury sensitization where, after tissue damage, the avoidance reaction and pain t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Woolf CJ,Walters ET

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-synaptic modulation of cortical ACh efflux is a useful approach for determining the functions of cortical ACh. Bilateral modulation of basal forebrain GABAergic transmission by benzodiazepine-receptor agonists and inverse agonists decreases and increases, respectively, activated cortical ACh efflux. The determin...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sarter MF,Bruno JP

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Korsakoff's disease is an amnesic syndrome associated with midline diencephalic and brain stem pathology. A number of neurochemical systems course through or near the loci of brain lesions found postmortem in Korsakoff patients, which has stimulated studies to learn whether these systems are implicated in amnesia. Dat...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McEntee WJ,Mair RG

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How did brains evolve to become so complex, and what is their future? Brains pose an explanatory challenge because entropy, which inexorably increases over time, is commonly associated with disorder and simplicity. Recently we showed how evolution is an entropic process, building structures - organisms - which themsel...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jeffery KJ,Rovelli C

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To localize a sound source in space, the auditory system detects minute differences in the arrival time of a sound between the two ears. It has long been assumed that delay lines and coincidence detectors turn these time differences into a labelled line code for source position, but recent studies challenge this view....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schnupp J

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally thought that monoamines play a nonspecific role in modulating cortical activity. However, several lines of evidence now indicate that cortical monoaminergic afferents show remarkable anatomical specificity. In particular, there is unequivocal evidence for regional, laminar and intracortical specificity...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Parnavelas JG,Papadopoulos GC

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythmical brain activity around 5Hz can be observed in the prefrontal cortex under conditions requiring high levels of cognitive control. However, its temporal dynamics are still elusive. A recent research paper (Cooper et al. Neuroimage 2019;189:130-140) provides evidence that the temporal evolution of this frontal-...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sauseng P,Tschentscher N,Biel AL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Release probability (P) appears to be a major factor that influences the pattern of transmitter release. At cortical pyramidal axon inputs onto different classes of target cells, very different release patterns are observed, patterns that correlate with release probability. Simplistically, 'low P' synapses display fac...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Thomson AM

更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose has long been considered the substrate for neuronal energy metabolism in the brain. Recently, an alternative explanation of energy metabolism in the active brain, the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis, has received attention. It suggests that during neural activity energy needs in glia are met by ana...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Chih CP,Lipton P,Roberts EL Jr

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibitory interneurons comprise a diverse subpopulation of cells that are critical to circuit function. How distinct inhibitory microcircuits control long-range projections remains poorly understood. A recent study by Lu and colleagues uncovered a unidirectional microcircuit of prefrontal chandelier cells that prefer...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Giustino TF,Maren S

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In monkeys, the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (area F5) contains neurons that discharge, both when the monkey grasps or manipulates objects and when it observes the experimenter making similar actions. These neurons (mirror neurons) appear to represent a system that matches observed events to similar, intern...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Rizzolatti G,Arbib MA

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severed distal segments of nerve axons (anucleate axons) have now been reported to survive for weeks to years in representative organisms from most phyla, including the vertebrates. Among invertebrates (especially crustaceans), such long-term survival might involve transfer of proteins from adjacent intact cells to an...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bittner GD

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) is built on a foundation of connection, integration, and the exchange of complex information among brain cells. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in the intercellular communication that underlies physiological processes such...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Holm MM,Kaiser J,Schwab ME

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in the actin cytoskeleton are a primary mechanism mediating the morphological and functional plasticity that underlies learning and memory. The synaptic Ras homologous (Rho) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) Kalirin and Trio have emerged as central regulators of actin dynamics at the synapse. The incr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paskus JD,Herring BE,Roche KW

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABA neurotransmission requires a specialized set of proteins to synthesize, transport or respond to GABA. This article reviews results from a genetic strategy in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans designed to identify the genes responsible for these activities. These studies identified mutations in genes encoding fi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schuske K,Beg AA,Jorgensen EM

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Speakers of different languages think about time differently in accordance with the spatial metaphors common in their languages. Furthermore, learning new spatial metaphors in language instills new non-linguistic representations of time, suggesting that language can play a causal role in constructing mental timelines....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Boroditsky L

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system (CNS) the function of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is best understood from its action in guiding embryonic development; as development comes to completion, retinoic acid signaling declines. However, it is increasingly recognized that this signaling mechanism does not...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Shearer KD,Stoney PN,Morgan PJ,McCaffery PJ

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Presynaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) play pivotal roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. They facilitate presynaptic neurotransmitter release and modulate mechanisms controlling synaptic maturation and plasticity during formative periods of brain development. There is an increasing understand...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Banerjee A,Larsen RS,Philpot BD,Paulsen O

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory dendrites fall into many different morphological and functional classes. Polymodal nociceptors are one subclass of sensory neurons, which are of particular note owing to their elaborate dendritic arbors. Complex developmental programs are required to form these arbors and there is striking conservation of morp...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hall DH,Treinin M

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity, but the biological bases of the deficits in emotional and cognitive processing remain incompletely understood. Current antidepressant therapies are effective in only some patients and act slowly. Here, we propose an excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression in...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Thompson SM,Kallarackal AJ,Kvarta MD,Van Dyke AM,LeGates TA,Cai X

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The strange and unpleasant sensations (paraesthesiae) or asynchronous motor-unit activation (fasciculation) that result from a period of limb ischaemia are examples of ectopic discharge in peripheral nerves. Ectopic activity also results from demyelination and is associated with serious neurological conditions, such a...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Baker MD

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), coupling of neurons by gap junctions (i.e., electrical synapses) and the expression of the neuronal gap junction protein, connexin 36 (Cx36), transiently increase during early postnatal development. The levels of both subsequently decline and remain low in the adult, conf...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Belousov AB,Fontes JD

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Central processing of olfactory information has been analyzed in the mushroom body of Drosophila by Ca(2+) imaging, extending such analysis of odor coding to the second relay of the olfactory system. Different odors, and different concentrations of a particular odor, yield distinct spatial patterns of activity. Mutati...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Carlson JR

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00