Abstract：
:Investments in the development of new drugs for orthopoxvirus infections have fostered new avenues of research, provided an improved understanding of orthopoxvirus biology and yielded new therapies that are currently progressing through clinical trials. These broad-based efforts have also resulted in the identification of new inhibitors of orthopoxvirus replication that target many different stages of viral replication cycle. This review will discuss progress in the development of new anti-poxvirus drugs and the identification of new molecular targets that can be exploited for the development of new inhibitors. The prototype of the orthopoxvirus group is vaccinia virus and its replication cycle will be discussed in detail noting specific viral functions and their associated gene products that have the potential to serve as new targets for drug development. Progress that has been achieved in recent years should yield new drugs for the treatment of these infections and might also reveal new approaches for antiviral drug development with other viruses.
journal_name
Antiviral Resjournal_title
Antiviral researchauthors
Prichard MN,Kern ERdoi
10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.02.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-05-01 00:00:00pages
111-25issue
2eissn
0166-3542issn
1872-9096pii
S0166-3542(12)00045-9journal_volume
94pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Efavirenz (EFV), a first generation non-nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor widely employed in combination antiretroviral therapy regimens over the last 20 years, has been associated with a wide range of neuropsychiatric effects and has also been linked with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.015
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous studies of IFN-stimulated transcription factors in murine cells have identified a variety of trans-acting factors that bind to the IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) whose role in gene expression remain unclear. The present investigation was undertaken to delineate the signal transduction pathway as well ...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(94)90099-x
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated viral breakthrough during a long-term culture of HIV-1-infected cells with the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) 6-benzyl-1-ethoxymethyl-5-isopropyluracil (MKC-442), nevirapine and loviride (alpha-APA). When the compounds were examined for their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 (...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(96)00946-1
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent mosquito borne viral pathogen worldwide. In this work we first evaluated the antiviral activity of natural and synthetic β-carbolines against DENV-2 multiplication in cell cultures. We determined that the natural β-carboline harmol and a synthetic harmine derivative, 9N-methyl...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.08.018
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate anti-HBV effect and major active compounds of Su-duxing, a medicine extracted from Chinese herbs. HBV-replicating cell lines HepG2.2.15 (wild-type) and HepG2.A64 (entecavir-resistant) were used for in vitro test. C57BL/6 mice infected by adeno-associated virus carrying 1.3 mer wild-type...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.04.017
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several pyrophosphate analogues have been studied for their effects on avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and on cellular DNA polymerase alpha. Examination of structure-activity relationships for these compounds revealed that two acidic groups connected by a short bridge were necessary, but not sufficien...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(82)90028-6
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The antiviral activity of antisense oligonucleotides corresponding to different regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome has been assessed in BHK-21 cells. The locations of the oligonucleotides used were: (i) two regions within the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), involved in the regulation of the tra...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(93)90082-t
更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Baicalin, a natural product isolated from Scutellariaradix, has been reported to have significant in vivo and in vitro anti-influenza virus activity, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that baicalin inhibited autophagy induced by influenza virus A3/Beijing/30/95 (H3N2) in b...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.11.003
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the importance of Dengue virus (DENV) infection in human health, there is not a fully effective vaccine or antiviral treatment against the infection. Since lipids such as cholesterol are required during DENV infection, its uptake and synthesis are increased in infected cells. Ezetimibe is an FDA-approved drug ...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.10.024
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Parvovirus B19 (B19V), a single-stranded DNA virus in the family Parvoviridae, is a human pathogenic virus responsible for a wide range of clinical manifestations. Currently there is no approved antiviral therapy for parvovirus infection. The acyclic nucleoside phosphonate cidofovir (CDV) has been demonstrated to inhi...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.12.003
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prevention of HIV infection and unintended pregnancies are public health priorities. In sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence is highest, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is widely used as contraception. Therefore, understanding potential interactions between DMPA and antiretrovirals is critical. Here, we u...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.105001
更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract：:The Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Retreatment Trial was a multicenter clinical trial designed to evaluate three treatments for the treatment of relapsed CMV retinitis; (1) foscarnet; (2) 'high-dose' ganciclovir, and (3) combination foscarnet and ganciclovir. Two hundred seventy-nine patients were enrolled and randomly ass...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(95)00921-3
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While the combination of zidovudine and didanosine is used in HIV-infected patients with more advanced disease, the possibility of a pharmacokinetic interaction between these two drugs remains controversial. Zidovudine doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg, combined with 67, 167, and 250 mg of didanosine were evaluated in 11 a...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(95)00032-h
更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A series of phosphoramidate derivatives of the anti-HIV drug AZT has been prepared as membrane soluble pro-drugs of the bio-active nucleotide forms and evaluated in vitro against HIV-1. Terminal substituted alkyl amines have a pronounced anti-HIV effect: this effect declines upon increasing the length of the methylene...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(90)90053-a
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The viral genotype and serum viral level influence the response to interferon (IFN) treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible relationship between early virological response and helper T (Th) cell cytokine expansion by 4 weeks of ribavirin (...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.04.001
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Desferrioxamine (DFO) is commonly used in therapy as a chelator of ferric ion in disorders of iron overload. We found that DFO inhibits human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) replication in infected cultures of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFF) at concentrations that have been achieved in humans with no significant adverse effec...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(94)90095-7
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) containing unmethylated CpG motifs are potent stimulators of the innate immune system, and are capable of aborting several infections in a non-specific manner. We here report studies of the capacity of such ODN to protect mice against infection with foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). Susc...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2006.03.010
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We studied the effects of two antiviral agents, human interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and ribavirin, on subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus infections in hamsters. By intracranial administration, IFN-alpha alone improved the survival of infected hamsters by 20% at a dose of 6 x 10(4) IU/kg every other day fo...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(97)00055-7
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of caps, dinucleotides, oligonucleotides and polynucleotides on influenza virus RNA polymerase activity have been investigated. The results show that both methyl groups in a cap are necessary for optimal stimulation of polymerase activity. Both m7G(5')ppp(5')Am and ApG stimulated the influenza RNA polymera...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(81)90036-x
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DAS181 is an inhaled bacterial sialidase which functions by removing sialic acid (Sia) from the surface of epithelial cells, preventing attachment and subsequent infection by respiratory viruses that utilize Sia as a receptor. DAS181 is typical of bacterial sialidases in cleaving Sia α2-3 and Sia α2-6 linkages, and it...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.04.012
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An estimated 15-20 million individuals are co-infected by hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus worldwide and are at high risk of developing end-stage liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma. While HBV viremia can now be controlled in the vast majority of individuals by nucleoside analogs, leading to a delay of ...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.08.009
更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have shown previously that prostratin, a non-tumor promoting phorbol ester, inhibits chikungunya virus (CHIKV)-induced cytopathic effects in vitro. Prostratin is a potent activator of protein kinases C (PKC), a family of related serine/threonine kinases that regulate many cellular processes such as proliferation an...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2016.12.020
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human adenoviruses are a common threat to immunocompromised patients, e.g., HIV-positive individuals or solid-organ and, in particular, allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Antiviral drugs have a limited effect on adenoviruses, and existing treatment modalities often fail to prevent fatal outcome. Silencing of ...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.03.011
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study describes the extent of cross-resistance and interactions for selected inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA synthesis and DNA processing. HCMV isolates resistant to the benzimidazole D-ribonucleoside viral DNA processing inhibitors TCRB and BDCRB were sensitive to BAY 38-4766, a non-nucleoside inh...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(02)00094-3
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A screening for inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) among various types of isopolyoxomolybdates and heteropolyoxomolybdates was carried out by using an in vitro assay system measuring the cytopathogenicity of HIV-1 in CD4+ human MT-4 cells. A novel heteropolyoxomolybdate named PM-104 with the che...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(93)90075-t
更新日期：1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Currently used antiretroviral therapy is highly successful but there is still a need for new effective and safe prophylactics and therapeutics. We have previously identified and characterized a human engineered antibody domain (eAd), m36, which exhibits potent broadly neutralizing activity against HIV-1 by targeting a...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.08.004
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thirty-six adult volunteers were inoculated intranasally with 7.2 log10 egg infectious doses 50% of an attenuated A/Khabarovsk/77/H1N1 virus. Twenty-four hours later volunteers were begun on both aerosol treatments (rimantadine HCl 25 mg in saline or saline, 10 min exposure twice daily) and oral medications (rimantadi...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(82)90016-x
更新日期：1982-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Preventive intraperitoneal trehalose dimycolate (TDM) treatment of mice, inoculated with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus by the same route, caused restriction of virus growth in the peritoneum, which was correlated to IFN production in peritoneal fluids prior to infection. Peritoneal macrophages from TDM-treated mice...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(95)00047-p
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synthetic flavans, isoflavans and isoflavenes substituted with chloro, cyano and amidino groups were tested for their in vitro activity against poliovirus type 2, Coxsackie virus B4, echovirus type 6 and enterovirus 71. Plaque-reduction assays showed that substituted 3-(2H)-isoflavenes, carrying a double bond in the o...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-3542(95)00088-4
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic hepatitis B infection remains a major public health problem worldwide. The hepatitis B virus belongs to the family of hepadnaviruses that replicate their DNA genome via a reverse transcription pathway. The chronicity of infection in infected hepatocytes is maintained by the persistence of the viral covalently ...
journal_title：Antiviral research
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-3542(99)00056-x
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
