Abstract：
:Chronic pain tends to be intractable, regardless of whether the etiology has improved or is persistent. This intractability may be due, in part, to conditioning factors, but studies of the underlying mechanism are limited. We predicted that the body might learn pain sensation during sustained pain. In the present study, we sought to examine the prediction that nociceptive pain could be a conditioned response. After pre-exposing mice to the context box, we assessed hind-paw licking responses(s), an unconditioned nociceptive response (UCR), in the training phase for 30 min following each of two injections (24h apart) of formalin into the hind paws. Forty-eight hours later, in the test phase, we tested for a conditioned nociceptive response (CR) from paw injections of saline, with mice placed in either the same or a different visual context box. The results showed that the CR elicited in the same context box was significantly larger than one elicited in the different box. An audiovisual context, which is used in prototypical Pavlovian conditioning, augmented the CR. The CR diminished to baseline levels during repeated extinction procedures, in which saline alone was given in the same context box. However, the CR in animals injected with saline in their home cages was unchanged. Treatment with scopolamine, which has an antimuscarinic action, and thus induces an amnestic effect, did not affect the UCR, but reduced the CR. These results indicated that repeated nociceptive stimuli were sufficient to produce a CR.
journal_name
Brain Resjournal_title
Brain researchauthors
Nakama-Kitamura M,Kitamura Ydoi
10.1016/j.brainres.2011.06.028subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-08-11 00:00:00pages
8-17eissn
0006-8993issn
1872-6240pii
S0006-8993(11)01132-2journal_volume
1406pub_type
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