Iron is a potential key mediator of glutamate excitotoxicity in spinal cord motor neurons.

abstract：:Serotonin (5HT) systems play important roles in brain development, and early perturbations of 5HT receptor expression produce permanent changes in 5HT synaptic function and associated behaviors. We exposed pregnant Rhesus monkeys to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during gestation and for up to 3 months postnatally ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Slotkin TA,Pinkerton KE,Tate CA,Seidler FJ

更新日期：2006-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of corticosteroid receptor expression in the rat brain by adrenal steroids remains controversial. The results of in vivo studies [Brinton and McEwen, 1988; Luttge et al., 1989] suggest that activation of type I receptors can modulate both mineralocorticoid (MR; type I) and glucocorticoid (GR; type II) r...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： O'Donnell D,Meaney MJ

更新日期：1994-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Hippocampal soluble fraction stimulates acetylcholine (AcCho) synthesis of medial septal nuclei in explant culture system. This stimulating activity was purified from 10-12-day-old rat hippocampus. During purification, the activity was separated into two fractions and a previously unreported peptide was purified from ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ojika K,Kojima S,Ueki Y,Fukushima N,Hayashi K,Yamamoto M

更新日期：1992-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular recordings were made from a type of relay neurons of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) afferents in the vicinity of the retrofacial nucleus (RFN) in either pentobarbitone-anesthetized or unanesthetized and decerebrate cats, which were paralyzed and artificially ventilated. A total of 26 neurons that cou...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ezure K,Oku Y,Tanaka I

更新日期：1993-12-31 00:00:00

abstract：:In this study, the neuromodulatory effects of progesterone were tested in an intact neuronal circuit of a model extrahypothalamic CNS area. Spontaneous discharge and responses of single cerebellar Purkinje neurons to microiontophoretically applied gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate were monitored before, dur...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Smith SS,Waterhouse BD,Chapin JK,Woodward DJ

更新日期：1987-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Effects of systemic administration of a single dose (50 mg/kg) of ethosuximide (ESM) on extracellularly recorded thalamic (nucleus centralis lateralis, CL; nucleus reticularis, RE) and cortical neurons and on cortical EEG activity of acute cats, have been studied. In intact animals ESM led to: (a) desynchronization of...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Pellegrini A,Dossi RC,Dal Pos F,Ermani M,Zanotto L,Testa G

更新日期：1989-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The functional organization of projections from the cerebellar subcortical nuclei to the motor cortex through the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL) of the thalamus was studied using tungsten microelectrodes for stimulation and recordings in acute and chronic cats. The following results were obtained. (1) Microstimulati...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Asanuma H,Hunsperger RW

更新日期：1975-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a serum-free chemically defined medium which allows the obtainment of a primary culture highly enriched in ciliated ependymal cells. Serum was never used. Mechanically dissociated neonatal rat brain hemisphere cells were seeded on a fibronectin substratum. Culture medium was minimum Eagle's medium un...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Weibel M,Pettmann B,Artault JC,Sensenbrenner M,Labourdette G

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An expanding body of data has indicated that the seizure prone state in genetically epilepsy-prone rats (GEPRs) is partially caused by deficits in central nervous system noradrenergic transmission. Several lines of evidence suggest that the noradrenergic terminals in the superior colliculus (SC) may act as determinant...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Yan QS,Dailey JW,Steenbergen JL,Jobe PC

更新日期：1998-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the in vitro effects of neurotransmitters, high KCl as well as sialic acid-containing compounds (GM1; SC) on transglutaminase (TG) activity in isolated superior cervical ganglia (SCG) one week after denervation or axotomy. Following denervation, TG activity in SCG decreased to 83% of the unoperated control...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ando M,Kunii S,Tatematsu T,Nagata Y

更新日期：1993-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:In normal adult rats, intense immunostaining for the 75 kDa low-affinity receptor for nerve growth factor and other neurotrophins (p75NGFR) is concentrated in the middle region of the cuneate nucleus (CN), distributed in a blotchy pattern similar to that of cytochrome oxidase (CO) activity. In the adult rats, partial ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Foschini DR,Egger MD,Crockett DP

更新日期：1994-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The expression of two embryonic intermediate filaments, nestin and vimentin, in the rat brain at days 0 (control), 1, 4, 7 and 14 post-cryoinjury was studied to elucidate their roles in brain injury. Western blot analysis showed that both nestin and vimentin expressions in the ipsilateral cerebral cortex were signific...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Moon C,Ahn M,Kim S,Jin JK,Sim KB,Kim HM,Lee MY,Shin T

更新日期：2004-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracellular action potentials were recorded from 691 neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) of urethane anesthetized female rats under acute and chronic sham-operated and hyperprolactinemic conditions. Hyperprolactinemia was produced by transplanting pituitaries under the kidney capsules. Neuronal excitabili...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Moss RL,Chan A,Dudley CA

更新日期：1985-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The glutaminase activity in rat and guinea pig retina is twice as high in photoreceptor inner segments as in any other layer. Since the inner segments are involved in non-transmitter-related metabolic functions, it is suggested that glutaminase should not necessarily be taken to imply glutamatergic neurotransmission u...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ross CD,Bowers M,Godfrey DA

更新日期：1987-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a central role in preparatory and anticipatory attentional processes. To investigate whether subregions of the PFC play differential roles in these processes we investigated the effect of focal lesions to either lateral prefrontal (lateral PFC; n=11) or orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; n=13...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Funderud I,Løvstad M,Lindgren M,Endestad T,Due-Tønnessen P,Meling TR,Knight RT,Solbakk AK

更新日期：2013-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Surgical tissue samples of the human dentate gyrus were immunostained for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-synthesizing enzyme, and studied by both light and electron microscopy. Immunoreactive neurons and terminals displayed similar morphological characteristics as known from studies ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Schlander M,Thomalske G,Frotscher M

更新日期：1987-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypoxia preconditioning states that a sublethal hypoxia period will afford neuroprotection against a second harmful event. In our experiments, we carried out a procedure for the development of hypoxia preconditioning in adult male Wistar rats using hypoxic exposure (9% O(2); 91% N(2)) for 1 h. The protection against p...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Rauca C,Zerbe R,Jantze H,Krug M

更新日期：2000-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by second messenger pathway activators was examined in rat olfactory bulb cell cultures. The number of TH-immunoreactive neurons was increased 2-3-fold by 36 h treatments with forskolin (Fsk, 10(-6) M) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 10(-7) M), but was not significantly incre...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： McMillian MK,Mullis SB,Wu GC,Hudson PM,Pennypacker KR,Hong JS

更新日期：1994-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans share the common intuition of a self that has access to an inner 'theater of mind' (Baars, 2003). The problem is how this internal theater is formed. Moving from Cook's view (Cook, 2008), we propose that the 'sentience' present in single excitable cells is integrated into units of neurons and glial cells transi...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Agnati LF,Guidolin D,Cortelli P,Genedani S,Cela-Conde C,Fuxe K

更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:These studies investigated autoregulation of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein expression and activation in rat brain using western blot methodology. By comparing GR immunoblot reactivity present in various tissue subcellular preparations we were able to discriminate between corticosterone-induced changes in GR act...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Spencer RL,Kalman BA,Cotter CS,Deak T

更新日期：2000-06-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The amygdala has long been implicated in conditioned fear. The mesencephalic dopaminergic system provides a rich innervation to the amygdala [J.H. Fallon, P. Ciofi, Distribution of monoamines within the amygdala, in: J.P. Aggleton (Ed.), The Amygdala: Neurobiological Aspects of Emotion, Memory and Mental Dysfunction, ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Guarraci FA,Frohardt RJ,Kapp BS

更新日期：1999-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Several laboratories have documented an increase in hippocampal nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, measured with biological or immunological assays, within 1-2 weeks following septal lesions or fimbria/fornix transections. In the present study we have determined the increase in NGF-like biological activity in medium co...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Collins F,Crutcher KA

更新日期：1989-06-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The neocortex in chronically prepared rats is very resistant to the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP). In the first of two experiments described in this paper, we tried unsuccessfully to induce neocortical LTP within one session by coactivating basal forebrain cholinergic and cortical inputs to our neocortical...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Racine RJ,Chapman CA,Trepel C,Teskey GC,Milgram NW

更新日期：1995-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Electrophysiological studies on the entopedunculo- and cerebello-thalamic projections were performed by intracellular recordings in the thalamic VA, VL and VM nuclei of cats under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Identification of the thalamic neurons were performed electrophysiologically by antidromic activation on s...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Yamamoto T,Noda T,Miyata M,Nishimura Y

更新日期：1984-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The ionic mechanism of the membrane permeability changes caused by L-glutamate in hippocampal neurons prepared from 17- to 19-day-old fetal rat in dispersed cell cultures was studied with the whole-cell variation of the patch electrode voltage-clamp technique. The cultured hippocampal neurons became sensitive to gluta...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Ozawa S,Nakamura T,Yuzaki M

更新日期：1988-03-08 00:00:00

abstract：:High-intensity stimulation of the supraorbital region elicits, together with a blink reflex, a reflex inhibition of the jaw-closing muscles in normal man. The response differs from the well known inhibition obtained by intra- and perioral stimulation in two main features. Firstly, it consists of a single late silent p...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Cruccu G,Agostino R,Lahuerta J,Manfredi M

更新日期：1986-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of undernutrition during pregnancy and/or lactation periods on cortical structures have already been reported. However, its effect on non-cortical areas like the hypothalamic, that participates in the regulation of the autonomic nervous system or food intake, has not been extensively investigated. We studi...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： González-Pardo H,Gutiérrez-Sánchez JM,Menéndez-Patterson A,Arias JL

更新日期：1994-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The existence of spinal neuron collaterals projecting to the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ILN) and the periaqueductal gray (PAG) was determined in the rat using double-labeling, fluorescent, retrograde axoplasmic transport techniques. Distinctively double-labeled neurons, although not numerous, were found in the enti...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Liu RP

更新日期：1986-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Ischemic-reperfusion injury in humans occurs in conditions such as stroke, cardiac arrest, subarachnoid hemorrhage or head trauma. Maximal tissue damage is observed during reperfusion, which is primarily attributed to oxidative injury resulting from production of oxygen free radicals. One of the major consequences of ...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Panigrahi M,Sadguna Y,Shivakumar BR,Kolluri SV,Roy S,Packer L,Ravindranath V

更新日期：1996-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibition of Aβ production and clearance of senile plaques have been considered as potential strategies in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Activated protein C (APC) is an important factor in the anticoagulant system. However, whether APC can influence the condition of a chronic neurodegenerative process, s...

journal_title：Brain research

authors： Li B,Yu D,Xu Z

更新日期：2014-01-30 00:00:00