Neuronal correlates to consciousness. The "Hall of Mirrors" metaphor describing consciousness as an epiphenomenon of multiple dynamic mosaics of cortical functional modules.

Abstract:

:Humans share the common intuition of a self that has access to an inner 'theater of mind' (Baars, 2003). The problem is how this internal theater is formed. Moving from Cook's view (Cook, 2008), we propose that the 'sentience' present in single excitable cells is integrated into units of neurons and glial cells transiently assembled into "functional modules" (FMs) organized as systems of encased networks (from cell networks to molecular networks). In line with Hebb's proposal of 'cell assemblies', FMs can be linked to form higher-order mosaics by means of reverberating circuits. Brain-level subjective awareness results from the binding phenomenon that coordinates several FM mosaics. Thus, consciousness may be thought as the global result of integrative processes taking place at different levels of miniaturization in plastic mosaics. On the basis of these neurobiological data and speculations and of the evidence of 'mirror neurons' the 'Hall of Mirrors' is proposed as a significant metaphor of consciousness. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Brain Integration.

journal_name

Brain Res

journal_title

Brain research

authors

Agnati LF,Guidolin D,Cortelli P,Genedani S,Cela-Conde C,Fuxe K

doi

10.1016/j.brainres.2012.01.003

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2012-10-02 00:00:00

pages

3-21

eissn

0006-8993

issn

1872-6240

pii

S0006-8993(12)00041-8

journal_volume

1476

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Glutamate and capsaicin effects on trigeminal nociception II: activation and central sensitization in brainstem neurons with deep craniofacial afferent input.

    abstract::We examined the effect of the peripheral application of glutamate and capsaicin to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in influencing the activation and central sensitization of TMJ-responsive nociceptive neurons in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis/upper cervical cord (Vc/UCC). The activity of single neurons activated...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.056

    authors: Lam DK,Sessle BJ,Hu JW

    更新日期:2009-02-09 00:00:00

  • Pyramidal neurons in the septal and temporal CA1 field of the human and hedgehog tenrec hippocampus.

    abstract::The present study examines comparatively the cellular density of disector-counted/Nissl-stained CA1 pyramidal neurons and the morphometric characteristics (dendritic number/length, spine number/density and Sholl-counted dendritic branch points/20 microm) of the basal and apical dendritic systems of Golgi-impregnated C...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.04.037

    authors: Liagkouras I,Michaloudi H,Batzios C,Psaroulis D,Georgiadis M,Künzle H,Papadopoulos GC

    更新日期:2008-07-07 00:00:00

  • Termination of a separate (proprioceptive?) cuneothalamic tract from external cuneate nucleus in monkey.

    abstract::The termination of a pathway recently discovered in monkey, from the external cuneate nucleus (ECN) to the thalamus, has been investigated with the degeneration method. A previous HRP study showed that the projection is crossed. The ECN fibers terminate a wedge-shaped zone located dorsally in the rostral half of the c...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90856-8

    authors: Boivie J,Boman K

    更新日期:1981-11-16 00:00:00

  • Effects of short-term portacaval anastomosis on the peripheral and brain disposition of the blood-brain barrier permeability marker sodium fluorescein in rats.

    abstract::Contradictory results have been reported with regard to the effects of various models of hepatic encephalopathy on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which may be due partly to the use of brain concentrations of BBB markers without attention to their peripheral pharmacokinetics. The purpose of the current stu...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2013.07.040

    authors: Shaik IH,Miah MK,Bickel U,Mehvar R

    更新日期:2013-09-19 00:00:00

  • Alterations in circadian rhythmicity of the vasopressin-producing neurons of the human suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) with aging.

    abstract::The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus is implicated in the temporal organization of circadian rhythms in a variety of physiological, endocrine and behavioral processes. There is a great deal of evidence indicating that aging is characterized by a progressive deterioration of circadian timekeep...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90689-0

    authors: Hofman MA,Swaab DF

    更新日期:1994-07-18 00:00:00

  • A translationally relevant thromboembolic stroke model for the study of secondary hemorrhage after thrombolysis in rats.

    abstract::Secondary hemorrhage after thrombolysis in ischemic stroke is an important complication, which has been difficult to study in preclinical disease models. We have established and characterized a model of thromboembolic middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Advantages of this model include a very low rate of spontan...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.067

    authors: Sun L,Zhou W,Heiland S,Marti HH,Veltkamp R

    更新日期:2011-01-12 00:00:00

  • Unidirectional non-cross-tolerance (UNCT) in rats and an apparent dissociation between narcotic tolerance and physical dependence.

    abstract::The phenomenon of unidirectional non-cross tolerance (UNCT) to etorphine was observed in adult male rats tolerant to morphine. Using a morphine pellet (four 75 mg morphine pellets) implantation protocol, a 10-fold increase in the analgesic ED50 value, obtained by tail-flick assay, was observed for morphine sulfate, wi...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91502-1

    authors: Roerig SC,Fujimoto JM,Franklin RB,Lange DG

    更新日期:1985-02-18 00:00:00

  • Effects of preoptic injections of gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, vasoactive intestinal peptide and PHI on the secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in ovariectomized estrogen-primed rats.

    abstract::The effects of intracerebral injections of brain-gut peptides in the preoptic region on the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin (PRL) were examined in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats. Gastrin or cholecystokinin-octapeptide injection in the preoptic region induced a moderate increase of circadian r...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90330-1

    authors: Kimura F,Mitsugi N,Arita J,Akema T,Yoshida K

    更新日期:1987-05-05 00:00:00

  • Spatial frequency-dependent feedback of visual cortical area 21a modulating functional orientation column maps in areas 17 and 18 of the cat.

    abstract::The feedback effect of activity of area 21a on orientation maps of areas 17 and 18 was investigated in cats using intrinsic signal optical imaging. A spatial frequency-dependent decrease in response amplitude of orientation maps to grating stimuli was observed in areas 17 and 18 when area 21a was inactivated by local ...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.11.024

    authors: Huang L,Chen X,Shou T

    更新日期:2004-02-20 00:00:00

  • A new densitometric procedure to measure protein levels in tissue slices used in quantitative autoradiography.

    abstract::A new quantitative staining technique for the assay of protein in tissue sections using the dye Coomassie brilliant blue G 250 is discussed. This densitometric procedure uses commercially available hardware and software employed in the quantitation of receptor autoradiographs. Rather than assuming a homogeneous distri...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)90965-1

    authors: Miller JA,Curella P,Zahniser NR

    更新日期:1988-04-26 00:00:00

  • Pre- and postsynaptic actions of serotonin on rat suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons.

    abstract::Serotoninergic transmission is implicated in the photic and non-photic regulation of circadian rhythms. 5-HT (1-100 microM), carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT 0.1-10 microM) and (+)-8-hydroxy-dipropylaminotetraline (8-OH-DPAT, 1-30 microM) dose-dependently activated an outward current (5-100 pA) in 30% of neurons voltage-cl...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02294-0

    authors: Jiang ZG,Teshima K,Yang Y,Yoshioka T,Allen CN

    更新日期:2000-06-02 00:00:00

  • AMPA-induced dark cell degeneration of cerebellar Purkinje neurons involves activation of caspases and apparent mitochondrial dysfunction.

    abstract::Cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs) are selectively vulnerable to AMPA (alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepriopionic acid)-induced delayed neurotoxicity known as dark cell degeneration (DCD) that is expressed as cytoplasmic and nuclear condensation, neuron shrinkage, and failure of physiology. The present study ...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2003.09.048

    authors: Strahlendorf J,Box C,Attridge J,Diertien J,Finckbone V,Henne WM,Medina MS,Miles R,Oomman S,Schneider M,Singh H,Veliyaparambil M,Strahlendorf H

    更新日期:2003-12-24 00:00:00

  • Conversation effects on neural mechanisms underlying reaction time to visual events while viewing a driving scene: fMRI analysis and asynchrony model.

    abstract::This neuroimaging study investigated the neural mechanisms of the effect of conversation on visual event detection during a driving-like scenario. The static load paradigm, established as predictive of visual reaction time in on-road driving, measured reaction times to visual events while subjects watched a real-world...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.10.002

    authors: Hsieh L,Young RA,Bowyer SM,Moran JE,Genik RJ 2nd,Green CC,Chiang YR,Yu YJ,Liao CC,Seaman S

    更新日期:2009-01-28 00:00:00

  • Immunocytochemical and biochemical studies with the monoclonal antibody 69A1: similarities of the antigen with cell adhesion molecules L1, NILE and Ng-CAM.

    abstract::We have previously raised a monoclonal antibody (69A1) which recognises a cell-surface antigen expressed on rat cerebellar neurons both in culture and in tissue sections of the developing cerebellum prior to postnatal day 17. In our current study we have undertaken a detailed analysis of the loss of labelling from the...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0165-3806(86)90087-8

    authors: Pigott R,Kelly JS

    更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00

  • Apoptotic cascade of neurons in the subcortical sensory relay nuclei following the neonatal infraorbital nerve transection.

    abstract::A terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was utilized for detection of neuronal death in the subcortical relay nuclei of the trigeminosensory system following the infraorbital nerve transection in newborn rats. At 18-24 h after injury, numerous TUNEL-positive profiles were found within the...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01237-8

    authors: Sugimoto T,Xiao C,Takeyama A,He YF,Takano-Yamamoto T,Ichikawa H

    更新日期:1999-04-10 00:00:00

  • Expression of metallothionein-III induced by hypoxia attenuates hypoxia-induced cell death in vitro.

    abstract::Metallothioneins (MTs) are metal-binding proteins that are expressed in many tissues including brain. MTs protect cells and organs against metal toxicity and oxidants. Among MTs, a brain-predominant subtype MT-III has prominent neuroprotective activity against various types of damage. Here we show that the expression ...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(03)02633-7

    authors: Tanji K,Irie Y,Uchida Y,Mori F,Satoh K,Mizushima Y,Wakabayashi K

    更新日期:2003-06-20 00:00:00

  • Efferent projections of the torus semicircularis to the medulla of the tadpole, Rana catesbeiana.

    abstract::Horseradish peroxidase injections into the medulla of tadpoles demonstrate, by back-filling, efferent neurons in the torus semicircularis which project to the ipsilateral superior olive. This projection, as well as one to the vicinity of the efferent neurons of the contralateral VIII and lateral line nerves, is confir...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90774-1

    authors: Jacoby J,Rubinson K

    更新日期:1984-02-06 00:00:00

  • cAMP-dependent differential regulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in cultured rat Schwann cells.

    abstract::cAMP-dependent regulation of the steady-state mRNA levels for the ECM components, laminin A, B1 and B2 chains, collagen types I, III and IV were examined by Northern blot analysis in cultured rat Schwann cells. ECM mRNAs of laminin B1 chain and collagen types I and IV were expressed at high levels in the control Schwa...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90409-x

    authors: Yamamoto M,Sobue G,Li M,Mitsuma T,Kimata K,Yamada Y

    更新日期:1994-08-08 00:00:00

  • Freeze-fracture of developing neuronal plasma membrane in postnatal cerebellum.

    abstract::The structure of the plasma membrane of two neuronal cell types was quantitatively assessed in freeze-fracture replicas of rat cerebellar cortex from 2 to 73 postnatal days. The measurement of the number and size of intramembrane particles (IMP) in different regions of the Purkinje cells and of the granule cell showed...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(81)90618-1

    authors: Garcia-Segura LM,Perrelet A

    更新日期:1981-03-09 00:00:00

  • Quantitative analysis of dendritic protrusions in the medial preoptic area during postnatal development.

    abstract::Dendritic architecture and distribution of dendritic protrusions were studied on Golgi-impregnated neurons in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) of infant rats (7 and 20 days old), of animals at puberty (34 days old) and of postpubertal rats (90 days old) using computerized image analysis. The protrusions showed a peak d...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0165-3806(86)90006-4

    authors: Geröcs K,Réthelyi M,Halász B

    更新日期:1986-04-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of low calcium and protease inhibitors on synapse elimination during postnatal development in the rat soleus muscle.

    abstract::The mechanisms controlling the reorganisation of synaptic inputs to developing skeletal muscle fibres was studied using electrophysiological and histological methods. In the developing rat soleus muscle there is a rapid reduction of polyneuronal innervation between 9 and 12 days. Reducing the local concentration of ca...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0165-3806(86)90069-6

    authors: Connold AL,Evers JV,Vrbová G

    更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00

  • Neural responses to monetary incentives in younger and older adults.

    abstract::Reward anticipation is associated with activity in the dopaminergic midbrain as well as the ventral striatum, amygdala, and medial prefrontal cortex. Dopaminergic neuromodulation declines with age, suggesting that incentive processing should also undergo age-related change. However, the literature is mixed, perhaps re...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.063

    authors: Spaniol J,Bowen HJ,Wegier P,Grady C

    更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00

  • The distribution of somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons in the visual cortex of adult rabbits and during postnatal development.

    abstract::In the adult rabbit, the somatostatin-immunoreactive neurons are seen in all visual cortical layers, with the majority of them being found in layers II-III, V and VI. During postnatal development, we can see labeled cells in layer VI at birth and in layers V and VI on the 3rd day. The labeled cells are seen in layers ...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91456-8

    authors: Ramón y Cajal-Agüeras S,Contamina P,Parra P,Martinez-Millán L,De Carlos JA,Ramo C

    更新日期:1985-12-16 00:00:00

  • Effects of stroke severity and treatment duration in normobaric hyperoxia treatment of ischemic stroke.

    abstract::In order to improve clinical trial design and translation of normobaric oxygen (NBO) treatment of ischemic stroke, NBO treatment parameters need to be better understood. This study investigated NBO treatment efficacy at two different stroke severities and two NBO treatment durations in rats. For the 60-min middle cere...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.030

    authors: Tiwari YV,Jiang Z,Sun Y,Du F,Rodriguez P,Shen Q,Duong TQ

    更新日期:2016-03-15 00:00:00

  • Voltage-gated potassium currents within the dorsal vagal nucleus: inhibition by BDS toxin.

    abstract::Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are essential components of neuronal excitability. The Kv3.4 channel protein is widely distributed throughout the central nervous system (CNS), where it can form heteromeric or homomeric Kv3 channels. Electrophysiological studies reported here highlight a functional role for this ...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.10.090

    authors: Dallas ML,Morris NP,Lewis DI,Deuchars SA,Deuchars J

    更新日期:2008-01-16 00:00:00

  • Global reduction in cerebral blood flow and metabolism elicited from intrinsic neurons of fastigial nucleus.

    abstract::We sought to determine whether the global increase in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) produced by electrical stimulation of the rostral cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) is a consequence of excitation of intrinsic neurons of the FN or of axons of fibers passing through or projecting into it. Studies were conducted...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(89)90312-0

    authors: Chida K,Iadecola C,Reis DJ

    更新日期:1989-10-23 00:00:00

  • The neurotensinergic synaptic innervation of vasopressin containing neurons in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus.

    abstract::A recent physiological report suggested that neurotensin could inhibit the vasopressin releasing from vasopressin-producing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus but not in the supraoptic nucleus. In the present study, the synaptic relationship between the neurotensin-like immunoreactive and vasopressin-...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(99)01455-9

    authors: Wang QP,Guan JL,Ochiai H,Nakai Y

    更新日期:1999-07-10 00:00:00

  • Thrombin inhibition attenuates neurodegeneration and cerebral edema formation following transient forebrain ischemia.

    abstract::The disturbance of microcirculation following cerebral ischemia leads to an enlargement of cerebral infarct volume. Endogenous thrombin may play a role in this disturbance of microcirculation following cerebral ischemia. Therefore, the inhibition of thrombin may improve neurodegeneration and the accumulation of cerebr...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(01)02354-x

    authors: Ohyama H,Hosomi N,Takahashi T,Mizushige K,Kohno M

    更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00

  • Concordance of quantitative damage within the diencephalon and telencephalon following systemic pilocarpine (380 mg/kg) or lithium (3 mEq/kg)/pilocarpine (30 mg/kg) induced seizures.

    abstract::We tested the hypothesis that a single systemic injection of 380 mg/kg of the muscarinic agonist pilocarpine would produce more diffuse and severe seizure-induced brain damage than a single injection of lithium (3 mEq/kg) followed 4 h later by < 1/10 the dosage of pilocarpine. The hypothesis was not supported; the pat...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)91126-6

    authors: Bureau YR,Peredery O,Persinger MA

    更新日期:1994-06-20 00:00:00

  • Relationship between grey matter integrity and executive abilities in aging.

    abstract::This cross-sectional study was designed to investigate grey matter changes that occur in healthy aging and the relationship between grey matter characteristics and executive functioning. Thirty-six young adults (18-30 years old) and 43 seniors (60-75 years old) were included. A general executive score was derived from...

    journal_title:Brain research

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.045

    authors: Manard M,Bahri MA,Salmon E,Collette F

    更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00