T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

abstract：:Accessory molecules are required for microbial recognition by Toll-like receptor (TLR), subsequent signaling, and regulation of ensuing immune responses. Accessory molecules regulate TLRs on the cell surface (MD-2 and RP105), or in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (Unc93B, PRAT4A, and gp96). Other types of accessory mol...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Akashi-Takamura S,Miyake K

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of new targeted therapies is rapidly improving the treatment of autoimmune disease. These drugs have been variably designed to deplete specific T and B cell subsets, interrupt receptor-ligand interactions, and inhibit the activity of inflammatory mediators relevant to immune function. Abatacept, a co-sti...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： St Clair EW

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a growing appreciation for the role for B cells in autoimmune disorders in which inflammation is driven by T cells, in addition to the well-established role for B cells in autoimmune disorders characterized by pathogenic auto-antibodies. Current information on tolerance checkpoints in B cells, B cell depletio...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Pillai S,Mattoo H,Cariappa A

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Follicular helper T cells provide signals that promote B cell development, proliferation, and production of affinity matured and appropriately isotype switched antibodies. In addition to their classical locations within B cell follicles and germinal centers therein, B cell helper T cells are also found in extrafollicu...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Seth A,Craft J

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell exhaustion represents a continuous spectrum of cellular dysfunction induced during chronic viral infection, facilitating viral persistence and associating with poor clinical outcome. Modulation of T cell exhaustion can restore function in exhausted CD8 T cells, promoting viral clearance. Exhaustion has also bee...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： McKinney EF,Smith KG

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fundamental advances in the fields of molecular biology and immunology have facilitated investigation of the autoimmune blistering disorders. Recently, the use of human autoantibodies has helped to identify biologically important adhesion molecules of the skin, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in bullous skin di...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Nousari HC,Anhalt GJ

更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Defensins are a component of the host response against bacterial infections. Multiple studies suggest a linked upregulation of beta-defensins and pro-inflammatory cytokines expression in various tissues, as well as the possibility of mutual induction. Recent data demonstrate the importance of nucleotide-binding oligom...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Menendez A,Brett Finlay B

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The canonical NF-κB pathway instructs the expression of inflammatory genes by the RelA:p50 transcription factor in response to diverse cell-activating stimuli. However, this mainstay RelA:p50 transcriptional output must also be curated so as to provide for stimulus-type-specific and cell-type-specific inflammatory res...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Chawla M,Roy P,Basak S

更新日期：2020-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a distinct lymphocyte lineage that regulates immune responses. During their development in the thymus, immature uncommitted double-positive CD4+CD8+ thymocytes that rearrange the semi-invariant T-cell receptor found on mature NKT cells are positively selected by the non-classical MHC c...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Matsuda JL,Gapin L

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) of the innate immune system detect host invasion by pathogens and initiate immune responses. All of the TLRs use the adaptor MyD88 to transduce a signal; however, two newly identified signaling molecules, TIRAP and TRIF, interact with a subset of the TLRs, suggesting a signaling specific...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Kopp E,Medzhitov R

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes specialized in early defense against virus-infected and transformed cells. NK-cell function is regulated by activating and inhibitory surface receptors recognizing their ligands on transformed cells. Modulation of NK numbers and/or function by a variety of agents suc...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Muntasell A,Ochoa MC,Cordeiro L,Berraondo P,López-Díaz de Cerio A,Cabo M,López-Botet M,Melero I

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem. There are >350 million of people chronically infected with this virus worldwide. Hepatitis B vaccines are effective in preventing the infection. Humoral immunity is the key factor in conferring the protection. Hepatitis B surface antibody titers of ≥10mIU/m...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Huang LM,Lu CY,Chen DS

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dicer is a multifunctional protein that is essential across species for the generation of microRNAs, a function that is highly conserved across the plant and animal kingdoms. Intriguingly, Dicer exhibits antiviral functions in lower organisms including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Antiviral acti...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： MacKay CR,Wang JP,Kurt-Jones EA

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer results from a tumor cell intrinsic dysregulation of oncogenes, tumor suppressor and stability genes as well as from the avoidance of immunosurveillance. A complex network of cellular interactions allows one to mount cognate anti-tumor immune responses. Recently, discoveries have been made regarding the links b...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Ghiringhelli F,Apetoh L,Housseau F,Kroemer G,Zitvogel L

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene expression variation is critical for the normal development and physiology of immune cells. Using cDNA microarrays, a systematic, genomic-scale view of gene expression in immune cells at many stages of differentiation and activation can be obtained. From the high vantagepoint provided by this technology, the gene...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Alizadeh AA,Staudt LM

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The IL-17/IL-17 receptor family is the newest and least understood of the cytokine subclasses. Composed of ligands IL-17A-IL-17F and receptors IL-17RA-IL-17RE, these cytokines have many unique structural and functional features. Since the discovery of the 'Th17' subset in 2005, particular attention has been paid to IL...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Gaffen SL

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mucosal vaccines may be used both to prevent mucosal infections through the activation of antimicrobial immunity and to treat systemic inflammatory diseases through the induction of antigen-specific mucosal tolerance. New, efficient mucosal adjuvants for human use have been designed based on, amongst others, bacterial...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Eriksson K,Holmgren J

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The rise in IgE-mediated food allergy in recent times is the likely result of gene-environment interactions mediated via epigenetic pathways. As epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are at the interface between the environment and the genome, they may be ideal biomarkers of modifiable disease pathways....

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Martino DJ,Saffery R,Allen KJ,Prescott SL

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Applications of the polymerase chain reaction have revolutionized the field of immunogenetics, particularly in studies of human leukocyte antigen class II polymorphism, and more recently in the analysis of T-cell receptor usage. However, the enormous diversity and variability of the T-cell receptor complex have made t...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Panzara MA,Oksenberg JR,Steinman L

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases result from the dysregulation of genetic and proteomic programs. In MS, the loss of immune homeostasis leads to aberrant targeting and destruction of the myelin sheath, which manifests as the clinical syndrome of MS. The advent of technologies to perform large-scal...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Robinson WH,Utz PJ,Steinman L

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of defined tumor antigens and their application in therapeutic cancer vaccines has not yet resulted in a successful therapy for cancer patients. Recent data suggest that this might be because most current clinical immunotherapeutic strategies rely on a tolerized tumor-reactive T-cell repertoire, resultin...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Overwijk WW

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:V(D)J recombination not only comprises the molecular mechanism that insures diversity of the immune system but also constitutes a critical checkpoint in the developmental program of B and T lymphocytes. The analysis of human patients with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) has enabled (and will enable in the fut...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： de Villartay JP,Poinsignon C,de Chasseval R,Buck D,Le Guyader G,Villey I

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of some tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens may define the stage, rate and phenotype of tumor progression and may have prognostic value. Some of these antigens are now recognized as adhesion molecules that define the site of metastasis. Monoclonal antibodies to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens, or ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hakomori S

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Significant insight has been gained into constraints on the sensitivity and specificity of staining with class I tetramers. The function of the populations that are defined varies with the clinical situation. Insight has also been gained into the determinants of the CD8(+) T cell response during primary and chronic HI...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Kelleher AD,Rowland-Jones SL

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much has been learned recently about the structure and function of 55 kDa bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), a member of a genomically conserved lipid-interactive protein family. Analysis of BPI fragments and the crystal structure of human BPI have established that BPI consists of two functionally dis...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Elsbach P,Weiss J

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past few years have seen significant growth in the number of known chemokines. Along with expansion in this field has come an appreciation of a role for chemokines beyond the chemotaxis of leukocytes. In particular, it appears that these molecules may represent major products of activated lymphocytes and that, in ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hedrick JA,Zlotnik A

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Typical immune responses lead to the prominent clonal expansion of antigen-specific T cells followed by their differentiation into effector cells. Most effector cells die at the end of the immune response but some of the responding cells survive and form long-lived memory cells. The factors controlling the formation a...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Sprent J,Surh CD

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear factor κ enhancer binding protein (NF-κB) family of transcription factors regulates the expression of a large array of genes involved in diverse cellular processes including inflammation, immunity and cell survival. Activation of NF-κB requires ubiquitination, a highly conserved and versatile modification ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Chen J,Chen ZJ

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The yeast two-hybrid technique provides a general approach for cloning cDNAs merely by exploiting the ability of their encoded proteins to bind to a protein of interest. The technique therefore offered a useful access to the analysis of the mechanisms of cell death at the initial stage of their study, when only a few ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Wallach D,Boldin MP,Kovalenko AV,Malinin NL,Mett IL,Camonis JH

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of the complement system is much more ancient than that of adaptive immunity, which is only found in jawed vertebrates. Recently, complement components of the alternative and lectin pathways have been identified in jawless fishes, and even in some deuterostome invertebrates. The primitive complement system ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Nonaka M

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00