Abstract：
:T cell exhaustion represents a continuous spectrum of cellular dysfunction induced during chronic viral infection, facilitating viral persistence and associating with poor clinical outcome. Modulation of T cell exhaustion can restore function in exhausted CD8 T cells, promoting viral clearance. Exhaustion has also been implicated as playing an important role in anti-tumour responses, whereby exhausted tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes fail to control tumour progression. More recently exhaustion has been linked to long-term clinical outcome in multiple autoimmune diseases but, in contrast to cancer or infection, it is associated with a favourable clinical outcome characterised by fewer relapses. An increasing understanding of key inhibitory signals promoting exhaustion has led to advances in therapy for chronic infection and cancer. An increasing understanding of this biology may facilitate novel treatment approaches for autoimmunity through the therapeutic induction of exhaustion.
journal_name
Curr Opin Immunoljournal_title
Current opinion in immunologyauthors
McKinney EF,Smith KGdoi
10.1016/j.coi.2016.09.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-12-01 00:00:00pages
74-80eissn
0952-7915issn
1879-0372pii
S0952-7915(16)30104-2journal_volume
43pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Dendritic cells (DCs) with their potent antigen presenting ability are long considered as critical factor in antitumor immunity. Despite high potential in promoting antitumor responses, tumor-associated DCs are largely defective in their functional activity and can contribute to immune suppression in cancer. In recent...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2017.01.002
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent high-dimensional technologies have enabled the characterization of heterogeneity in the neutrophil compartment at an unprecedented resolution. In this review, we discuss the emerging notion of heterogeneity within the neutrophil pool, and provide a detailed account of evolving concepts in the field. We place sp...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2020.08.003
更新日期：2020-10-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction of antiviral immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on members of the RIG-I-like receptor and Dicer families, respectively. Although these proteins have different size and domain composition, members of both families share a conserved DECH-box helicase domain. This helicase, also known as a duplex ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2015.01.009
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have increased our understanding of the nature of autoimmune recognition and of the identity of autoantigens, at least in model systems. Knowledge of the autoantigens and the process of recognition is suggesting new therapies for autoimmune disease. ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(91)90071-8
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A little more than a decade after the explosion of research into recombinant live-attenuated or replication-deficient viruses as vaccine platforms, many viral vector-based vaccines have been licensed for animals. Progress has been slower for humans but 2011 will see the licensure of the first viral-vectored vaccine fo...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2011.03.006
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ensemble of antibodies found in serum and secretions represents the key adaptive component of B-cell mediated humoral immunity. The antibody repertoire is shaped by the historical record of exposure to exogenous factors such as pathogens and vaccines, as well as by endogenous host-intrinsic factors such as genetic...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2015.06.009
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The steep rise in the incidence and prevalence of food allergy (FA) in the last few decades have focused attention of environmental mechanisms which act to promote disease, chief among which is the microbiome. Recent studies have now established the presence of pathogenic dysbiosis in FA that could be precipitated by ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2019.06.001
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The yeast two-hybrid technique provides a general approach for cloning cDNAs merely by exploiting the ability of their encoded proteins to bind to a protein of interest. The technique therefore offered a useful access to the analysis of the mechanisms of cell death at the initial stage of their study, when only a few ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80240-9
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Systems biology strives to derive accurate predictive descriptions of complex systems such as innate immunity. The innate immune system is essential for host defense, yet the resulting inflammatory response must be tightly regulated. Current understanding indicates that this system is controlled by complex regulatory ...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.11.005
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dicer is a multifunctional protein that is essential across species for the generation of microRNAs, a function that is highly conserved across the plant and animal kingdoms. Intriguingly, Dicer exhibits antiviral functions in lower organisms including Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. Antiviral acti...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2013.10.015
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic cells are responsible for directing different types of T cell responses, from thymic negative selection to the generation of effector and memory cells and the induction of peripheral tolerance. Recent studies indicate that the dendritic cell lineage, the extent of recruitment into inflamed tissues and migrat...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00218-1
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vaccination against intracellular pathogens requires generation of a pool of memory T cells able to respond upon infection and mediate either killing of the infected cell or induce killing mechanisms in the infected cell. T cell-inducing vaccines must aim to target the antigen to antigen-presenting cells (APCs) so tha...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2014.02.003
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Three known lineages of antigen-presenting molecules restrict T-cell responses to microbial antigens: MHC class I and MHC encoded class I like molecules present peptides derived from the proteolysis of intracellular pathogens, MHC class ii molecules present peptides derived from the proteolysis of extracellular pathog...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(96)80109-9
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activated T cells undergo metabolic reprogramming which promotes glycolytic flux and lactate production as well as elevated production of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and other carbohydrates (i.e. induction of biomass) even in the presence of oxygen. Activated T cells show induced expression of, among other things,...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2014.01.006
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The immune system is a delicately balanced network of interacting cells. In recent years, the concept of immune regulation/suppression has been firmly established, and both natural and induced regulatory cells play vital roles in protection from autoimmune disease. Recent work has revealed the diverse nature of regula...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.09.015
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibody deficiencies are the most prevalent forms of primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs). Several disease-causing mutations have been identified to date, but still, the genetic background of most patients remains elusive. During the last 2 years, next generation sequencing has revealed the genetic basis for a number of...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2013.06.003
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Co-receptors have been shown to regulate the antigen-receptor signaling threshold for B cell responses by modulating the activation of signaling molecules that are essential for transmitting a signal through the antigen-receptor. Co-receptors appear to modulate the signaling threshold for B cell tolerance distinctly f...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(99)80041-7
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Proteasomes are large multicatalytic proteinase complexes which are responsible for the selective degradation of cellular proteins and the production of peptides for antigen presentation. Proteasomes are localized both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm, where some are associated with the endoplasmic reticulum membra...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80040-x
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic and biochemical analyses have identified multiple DNA-binding and non-DNA-binding proteins that functionally regulate MHC class II genes. These include RFX, X2BP, NF-Y, CIITA, OCT-2 and Bob1. One of the essential non-DNA-binding proteins, CIITA, appears to function as a limiting molecular switch that is respon...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(97)80166-5
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Commensal bacterial communities residing within the intestinal lumen of mammals have evolved to flourish in this microenvironment. To preserve this niche, commensal bacteria act with the host to prevent colonization by invasive pathogens that induce inflammation and disrupt the intestinal niche commensal bacteria occu...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2014.03.003
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of defined tumor antigens and their application in therapeutic cancer vaccines has not yet resulted in a successful therapy for cancer patients. Recent data suggest that this might be because most current clinical immunotherapeutic strategies rely on a tolerized tumor-reactive T-cell repertoire, resultin...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2005.01.011
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The production of pathogenic autoantibodies in organ-specific autoimmune diseases is largely T cell dependent. For many of these diseases, the precise specificities and cytokine profiles of the T cells that respond to the corresponding autoantigens have now been identified. This knowledge has been exploited to treat s...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00160-6
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) constitute a heterogeneous population of cytokine-secreting cells that colonize different tissues and are heavily reliant on cytokines and other secreted factors for their development, maintenance and effector functions. Most ILCs are tissue resident and differentiate in non-lymphoid perip...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.11.004
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although twelve years have passed since the identification of HIV as the cause of AIDS, we do not yet know how HIV kills its target, the CD4+ T cell, nor how this killing cripples the immune system. Prominent theories include direct killing of infected CD4+ T cells by the action or accumulation of cytopathic viral DNA...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(94)90149-x
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tumors of diverse origin have recently been shown to express CD95 ligand and to induce apoptosis in CD95-expressing targets in vitro; however, in vivo, enhanced tumor growth and rejection have both been observed as a consequence of either immunosuppressive or proinflammatory functions of CD95 ligand. The final in vivo...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80225-2
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are critical to effective immune surveillance against pathogens, have malignant counterparts, and contribute to disease. Thus, it is important to understand ILC development. All ILCs are derived from the common lymphoid progenitor cell; however, the exact mechanisms and signals that initia...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2018.11.003
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fundamental advances in the fields of molecular biology and immunology have facilitated investigation of the autoimmune blistering disorders. Recently, the use of human autoantibodies has helped to identify biologically important adhesion molecules of the skin, and the pathogenic mechanisms involved in bullous skin di...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(95)80058-1
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although autoantigen-induced negative selection plays an important role in shaping the mature B-cell repertoire, studies in recent years have suggested that differentiation into any of the three mature B-cell subsets (marginal zone B cells, follicular B cells and B-1 B cells) is not a passive product of autoreactive B...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2004.01.006
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Innate immunity, our inborn immediate defence mechanism, was thought for a long time to be non-specific and, consequently, research into innate mechanisms often took second place to research into adaptive immunity. In recent decades, however, the spotlight has shone on groundbreaking advances into mechanisms of innate...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.coi.2003.09.020
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transplantation of organs between individuals of disparate species is being considered as a potential solution to a serious shortage of donor organs for clinical transplantation. We summarize recent papers concerning the immunologic barrier to xenotransplantation, the pathogenesis of hyperacute rejection and repor...
journal_title：Current opinion in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0952-7915(91)90105-a
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
