TLR accessory molecules.

abstract：:The development of genetic epidemiology methods using recent human genetic mapping information, together with the growing availability of candidate genes, has led to major advances in the identification of host genes involved in human infectious diseases. Within the past year, highlights include the mapping of a locus...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Abel L,Dessein AJ

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell activation leads to a segregation of plasma membrane domains to form TCR signalling clusters and eventually immunological synapses. At these T cell activation sites signalling protein networks reside in plasma membrane regions which adopt a highly ordered physical state. Studies of reconstituted model membranes...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Harder T,Rentero C,Zech T,Gaus K

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The IL-17/IL-17 receptor family is the newest and least understood of the cytokine subclasses. Composed of ligands IL-17A-IL-17F and receptors IL-17RA-IL-17RE, these cytokines have many unique structural and functional features. Since the discovery of the 'Th17' subset in 2005, particular attention has been paid to IL...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Gaffen SL

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-lymphocyte activation is initiated by the interaction of the alpha beta TCR with a complex consisting of a class I or class II MHC-encoded molecule and an antigenic peptide, displayed on the surface of an antigen-presenting cell. Real-time binding measurements using surface plasmon resonance have revealed kinetic an...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Margulies DH,Plaksin D,Khilko SN,Jelonek MT

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytokines have been presumed to play an important role during T-cell development, but until recently formal proof has been missing. Most cytokine-knockout mice show apparently normal intrathymic T-cell development. The exception to this is IL-7, as both IL-7 and IL-7R alpha knockout mice show abnormally low thymic cel...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Zlotnik A,Moore TA

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past year has seen the publication of significant new findings on the regulation of CD23 expression, the precise interaction of CD23 with CD21 and its functional consequences. Moreover, new advances have been made in unravelling the biochemical network of events downstream from the triggering of CD23 in human B ce...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Bonnefoy JY,Lecoanet-Henchoz S,Aubry JP,Gauchat JF,Graber P

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signals are crucial for initiation of humoral immune responses and must be actively modulated and/or terminated in preparation for receipt of subsequent cues for progression. BCR signaling is also actively inhibited in autoreactive cells in which unresponsiveness is maintained by anergy. ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Gauld SB,Merrell KT,Cambier JC

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses that establish persistent infections in their host, such as herpesviruses, adenoviruses or HIV, express proteins designed to pre-empt or evade recognition and elimination by MHC class I restricted CD8+ T lymphocytes. Notable discoveries during the annual period of review have demonstrated that, in principle, e...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Hengel H,Koszinowski UH

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Successful vaccination relies on driving the immune response towards high specificity, affinity and longevity. Germinal centers facilitate the evolution of antigen-specific B cells by iterative rounds of diversification, selection, and differentiation to memory and plasma cells. Experimental evidence points to B cell ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Dufaud CR,McHeyzer-Williams LJ,McHeyzer-Williams MG

更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Engagement of the TCR/CD3 complex triggers a cascade of events that result in T lymphocyte activation and promote positive and negative selection of thymocytes, T lymphocyte migration and effector functions, development and activation of regulatory T cells. Gene mutations that abrogate early TCR signaling are associat...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Notarangelo LD

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of antiviral immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates relies on members of the RIG-I-like receptor and Dicer families, respectively. Although these proteins have different size and domain composition, members of both families share a conserved DECH-box helicase domain. This helicase, also known as a duplex ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Paro S,Imler JL,Meignin C

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Allergen immunotherapy leads to tolerance through multiple mechanisms that include tolerogenic dendritic cells and T and B regulatory cells. These induced cellular populations produce mediators to skew the immune response to a tolerogenic milieu that, among others, results in IgG4 blocking antibodies formation and low...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Mitsias DI,Xepapadaki P,Makris M,Papadopoulos NG

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conceptually, a universal influenza vaccine should elicit broadly protective antibody responses targeting highly conserved epitope(s) shared by various virus strains. Strategically directing antibody immunity to the conserved hemagglutinin stalk has recently emerged as a promising approach that is substantiated by the...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Zhao C,Xu J

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although twelve years have passed since the identification of HIV as the cause of AIDS, we do not yet know how HIV kills its target, the CD4+ T cell, nor how this killing cripples the immune system. Prominent theories include direct killing of infected CD4+ T cells by the action or accumulation of cytopathic viral DNA...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Finkel TH,Banda NK

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The challenge for any vaccine design is to elicit protective humoral and/or cytotoxic immunity against life threatening pathogens while remaining innocuous. Neonatal vaccinology faces additional challenges linked to intrinsic peculiarities of the innate and adaptive neonatal immune system. These include anti-inflammat...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Mohr E,Siegrist CA

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease (PD) is caused by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons and afflicts millions of people world-wide. The current treatments address only the late motor symptoms, with no cure or preventive therapeutic approaches. The contribution of dysfunctional immune mechanisms in PD has been clearly estab...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Fahmy AM,Boulais J,Desjardins M,Matheoud D

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptides presented by MHC class I molecules are typically produced through antigen degradation by the proteasome followed by trimming by exopeptidases. According to recent results, these include both aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases in the cytosol and the endoplasmic reticulum. While cytosolic peptidases have a n...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Weimershaus M,Evnouchidou I,Saveanu L,van Endert P

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The surface and lining tissues of our body are exposed to the external environment, and as such these epithelial tissues must form structural barriers able to defend against microbes, environmental toxins, and mechanical stress. Their cells are equipped to detect a diverse array of surface perturbations, and then laun...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Larsen SB,Cowley CJ,Fuchs E

更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of autoimmune diseases using conventional chemical immunosuppressants has short-term effects, imposing the need for chronic treatment with its risks of over-immunosuppression. CD3-specific monoclonal antibodies can restore self-tolerance in a durable fashion after a single short-term treatment, as demons...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Chatenoud L

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of molecularly defined vaccines composed of a limited number of tumor-specific T cell epitopes has resulted in protective antitumor T cell immunity in several mouse tumor models. The first encouraging results with such vaccines have been obtained in human beings. The development of the next generation ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Melief CJ,Offringa R,Toes RE,Kast WM

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systems biology strives to derive accurate predictive descriptions of complex systems such as innate immunity. The innate immune system is essential for host defense, yet the resulting inflammatory response must be tightly regulated. Current understanding indicates that this system is controlled by complex regulatory ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Smith KD,Bolouri H

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While the role of PD-1 in inhibiting immunity during chronic infections is well established, its functions during acute infections are much less clear. The PD-1 pathway can dampen CD8 T cell responses during some acute infections and restrain responses by 'helpless' CD8 memory T cells. An emerging role for PD-1 in inn...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Brown KE,Freeman GJ,Wherry EJ,Sharpe AH

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that protein kinase C (PKC)-theta; plays an important role in T-lymphocyte activation, as indicated by numerous studies in cell lines, was recently confirmed in mice deficient in the expression of this enzyme. In response to TCR stimulation, peripheral T cells lacking PKC-theta; failed to activate NF-ka...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Arendt CW,Albrecht B,Soos TJ,Littman DR

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobials represent a broad class of chemicals with the intended purpose of eliminating or controlling the growth of harmful microorganisms. Exposure can occur occupationally or through the use or consumption of consumer products. The use of antimicrobial agents has been associated with an increased incidence of ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Anderson SE,Weatherly L,Shane HL

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We are in a 'golden age' of mouse genetics. Genetic engineering and micromanipulation techniques now allow not only the overexpression or misexpression of transgenes randomly inserted into the mouse genome, but also the directed homologous replacement of normal genes with transgenes coding for null or mutant alleles (...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Seldin DC

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent discovery of PTPN22 as a novel susceptibility gene in human type 1 diabetes and continued progress in defining genes in animal models of the disease mark a fruitful period in the field of type 1 diabetes genetics. In addition, the similarities of the genetic and functional aspects across species have been s...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Maier LM,Wicker LS

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of the complement system is much more ancient than that of adaptive immunity, which is only found in jawed vertebrates. Recently, complement components of the alternative and lectin pathways have been identified in jawless fishes, and even in some deuterostome invertebrates. The primitive complement system ...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Nonaka M

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many humanized antibodies and fusion proteins targeting T-cell co-stimulatory molecules are now in late-stage clinical development (phase II, phase III) or have recently completed phase III clinical trials. Both Amevive, an LFA-3-Ig fusion protein targeting CD2, and Xanelim, a humanized anti-CD11a antibody, have shown...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Aruffo A,Hollenbaugh D

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic and biochemical analyses have identified multiple DNA-binding and non-DNA-binding proteins that functionally regulate MHC class II genes. These include RFX, X2BP, NF-Y, CIITA, OCT-2 and Bob1. One of the essential non-DNA-binding proteins, CIITA, appears to function as a limiting molecular switch that is respon...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Boss JM

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Co-receptors have been shown to regulate the antigen-receptor signaling threshold for B cell responses by modulating the activation of signaling molecules that are essential for transmitting a signal through the antigen-receptor. Co-receptors appear to modulate the signaling threshold for B cell tolerance distinctly f...

journal_title：Current opinion in immunology

authors： Tsubata T

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00