Abstract:
:The existence of a peptidoglycan cell wall in chlamydiae has been debated for several years. Several studies suggest that these organisms synthesize a cell wall, but some of the components and biosynthetic machinery seem to be missing and a bona fide cell wall has yet to be described. A recent study has revealed that a functional pathway for meso-diaminopimelate, one of the missing bricks for the wall, exists in chlamydiae. Here, I review the chlamydial cell wall paradox and discuss the importance of this new finding.
journal_name
Trends Microbioljournal_title
Trends in microbiologyauthors
Pavelka MS Jrdoi
10.1016/j.tim.2007.02.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-04-01 00:00:00pages
147-9issue
4eissn
0966-842Xissn
1878-4380pii
S0966-842X(07)00027-3journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Evolutionarily related multisubunit RNA polymerases (RNAPs) facilitate gene transcription throughout the three domains of life. During the past seven years an increasing number of bacterial and eukaryotic RNAP structures have been solved; however, the archaeal enzyme remained elusive. Two reports from the Murakami and...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.03.008
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the lack of an in vitro replication system, genes coding for viral proteins of hepatitis C virus have been identified. The putative nucleocapsid (p22) and envelope (gp35 and gp58) proteins have been expressed in cells by different vectors under various foreign promoters. Detection of antibodies to these protei...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842x(93)90137-g
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abstract::Most membrane-anchored histidine kinases (HKs) of bacterial two-component systems (2CSs) contain an extracellular input domain that is thought to be responsible for sensing an environmental cue. By contrast, intramembrane-sensing HKs (IM-HKs) lack a sensory domain and cannot perceive their stimuli directly. Instead, a...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2014.05.006
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rolling circle DNA replication is inherently continuous and unregulated. This 'go-for-broke' strategy works well for lytic phages but is suicidal for plasmids that must coexist with their host. Plasmids have consequently evolved elaborate copy number control systems that operate at the transcriptional, translational a...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defensins and cathelicidins are prevalent and essential gastrointestinal cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs). However, these defensive peptides are not infallible because certain enteropathogens can overcome their protective function. Furthermore, impaired defensin synthesis has been linked to the occurrence of Cro...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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doi:10.1016/j.tim.2006.08.008
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abstract::Over the past two decades infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria have escalated world-wide, affecting patient morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Among these bacteria, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis represent opportunistic nosocomial pathogens that cause difficult-to-treat infections ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.01.004
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abstract::The spectacular ability of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to immortalize and morphologically transform human B cells in vitro to lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) is central to most molecular models of viral oncogenesis. However, binding of transcription factor and oncoprotein c-Myc to the major locus control region (LCR) of...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::For many years, there has been controversy over the role of antibodies in immunity to Candida, but recently specific antibodies to mannoproteins and hsp90 have been shown to be protective against murine candidiasis. Combined with technical advances in antibody engineering, this raises the possibility of harnessing suc...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842x(96)10056-1
更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.08.008
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pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2009.05.009
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retroviruses, like other RNA viruses, mutate at very high rates (0.05-1 mutations per genome per replication cycle) and exist as complex genetically heterogeneous populations ('quasispecies') that are ever changing. De novo mutations are generated by inherently error-prone steps in the retroviral life cycle that intro...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strictly lytic phages have been consensually preferred for phage therapy purposes. In contrast, temperate phages have been avoided due to an inherent capacity to mediate transfer of genes between bacteria by specialized transduction - an event that may increase bacterial virulence, for example, by promoting antibiotic...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.008
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent paper by Castilla et al. reported the detection of prions in the blood of scrapie-infected hamsters using a biochemical amplification method that is conceptually analogous to the polymerase chain reaction. This technological advance raises the possibility that prion diseases in humans and livestock could soon...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2006.02.001
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enveloped viruses encode membrane-associated glycoproteins that direct the initial stages of virus infection. These usually oligomeric structures bind virions to cell surface receptors and, subsequently, direct fusion of viral membranes with cellular membranes. These structures are also the primary targets of neutrali...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(01)01959-x
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal influenza is controlled through vaccination campaigns. Evolution of influenza virus antigens means that vaccines must be updated to match novel strains, and vaccine effectiveness depends on the ability of scientists to predict nearly a year in advance which influenza variants will dominate in upcoming seasons...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.004
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial dormancy is a widespread phenomenon employed by bacteria to evade environmental threats including antibiotics. This intrinsic mechanism of antibiotic tolerance has drawn special attention to the role of dormancy in human disease, particularly in regards to recurrent infections. Two dormancy states, the viabl...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2014.09.004
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Initial hepatitis B virus (HBV) attachment occurs via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which then trigger receptor-mediated internalization. Although HSPGs express in many tissues, HBV is destined for hepatotropic infection. A recent paper by Seitz et al. proposed that the slow viral maturation process plays a c...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.06.007
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pathogenic viral infections have exerted selection pressure on their hosts to evolve cellular antiviral inhibitors referred to as restriction factors. Examples of such molecules are APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F and TRIM5alpha. APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F are cytidine deaminases that are able to strongly inhibit retroviral replication...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.08.013
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the discovery that Zika virus (ZIKV) could cause microcephaly and other birth defects, we have scrambled to understand how. Now, spreading along with the virus is misinformation that a ZIKV mutation is responsible for microcephaly. Putting too much onus on a single mutation could enhance a crisis in India. ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2019.02.004
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microbial pathogens possess a diversity of weapons that disrupt host homeostasis and immune defenses, thus resulting in the establishment of infection. The best-characterized system mediating bacterial protein delivery into target eukaryotic cells is the type III secretion system (T3SS) expressed by Gram-negative bact...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.01.010
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracytoplasmic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (TDORs) catalyze the oxidation, reduction, and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds. Although these processes have been characterized in Gram-negative bacteria, the majority of Gram-positive TDORs have only recently been discovered. Results from recent studies have ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.06.010
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(00)88929-5
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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doi:10.1016/j.tim.2009.08.001
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01005-6
更新日期:1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rumen of sheep and cattle represents a mobile, self-sustaining fermentation system for plant material. Analysis of the rumen flora continues to provide fundamental knowledge of anaerobic microbiology and is now yielding microbial genes that have potential in biotechnology. Recent research has provided fascinating ...
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更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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更新日期:2021-01-05 00:00:00