Structural proteins of hepatitis C virus.

abstract：:One strategy for neutralizing retroviral infectivity is to induce the incorporation of lethal fusion proteins, such as capsid protein-nuclease fusions, into the virion during the normal viral assembly process. Genes encoding such antiviral fusion proteins must be nontoxic to the host, lethal to the virus, and must be ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Boeke JD,Hahn B

更新日期：1996-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistence of the latent reservoir remains a challenge to curing HIV infection. Using shRNA screening, new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying latency regulation indicate that the estrogen receptor is a potent repressor of proviral reactivation and may serve as a promising therapeutic target in combinat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bick AJ,Hapgood JP

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The polysaccharide-rich wall, which envelopes the fungal cell, is pivotal to the maintenance of cellular integrity and for the protection of the cell from external aggressors - such as environmental fluxes and during host infection. This review considers the commonalities in the composition of the wall across the fung...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Geoghegan I,Steinberg G,Gurr S

更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic analysis of the large and complex herpesviruses has been a constant challenge to herpesvirologists. Elegant methods have been developed to produce mutants in infected cells that rely on the cellular recombination machinery. Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), single copy F-factor-based plasmid vectors...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Wagner M,Ruzsics Z,Koszinowski UH

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knockout mice with distinct gene deletions are valuable tools for in vivo analyses of the immune response against infectious agents. Studies of bacterial and protozoal infections have shown that antimicrobial immunity is generally defective in knockout mice. At one extreme, deletion of just one gene may completely com...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kaufmann SH,Ladel CH

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides significant protection against microbial invasion of the brain. However, the BBB is not impenetrable, and mechanisms by which viruses breach it are becoming clearer. In vivo and in vitro model systems are enabling identification of host and viral factors contributing to breakdown...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Spindler KR,Hsu TH

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycoplasmas are minute wall-less bacterial parasites that exhibit strict host and tissue specificities. They enter, multiply and survive within the host for extended periods by circumventing host defenses. Their intimate interaction with eukaryotic cells, and in some cases the subsequent invasion into or fusion with t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rottem S,Naot Y

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous observations have established a crucial role for phagocytic cells in host resistance to Salmonella. Activated macrophages rely on a complex array of oxygen-dependent antimicrobial molecules to inhibit or kill intracellular Salmonella. An initial oxidative bactericidal phase, which is dependent on the respirat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Vazquez-Torres A,Fang FC

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spores produced by bacilli and clostridia are surrounded by a multilayered protein shell called the coat. As the armor-like appearance of the coat suggests, this structure, along with others within the spore, confers the remarkable resistance properties that make Bacillus anthracis spores such potent biological weapon...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Driks A

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The health of tens of millions of people world-wide is at risk from drinking arsenic-contaminated well water. In most cases this arsenic occurs naturally within the sub-surface aquifers, rather than being derived from identifiable point sources of pollution. The mobilization of arsenic into the aqueous phase is the fi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Oremland RS,Stolz JF

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In bacteria, Ca(2+) is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including the cell cycle and cell division. Dedicated influx and efflux systems tightly control the low cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels in prokaryotes. Additionally, the growing number of proteins containing various Ca(2+)-binding motifs supports the...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Michiels J,Xi C,Verhaert J,Vanderleyden J

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Symbioses between eukaryotes and unicellular organisms are quite common, with examples copiously disseminated throughout the earth's biota. Arthropods, in particular, owe much of their ecological success to their microbial flora, which often provide supplements either lacking in the limited host diet or which the host...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rio RV,Hu Y,Aksoy S

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high degree of similarity that exists between all the [NiFe] hydrogenase operons and the near universality of hydrogen metabolism among microorganisms suggest that the microbial ability to metabolize hydrogen is of great importance and ancient origin. The large number of genes present in these operons, which are m...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Casalot L,Rousset M

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many proteins are transported to the cell surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans to be either integrated into the cell-wall structure or exported to the external medium. Secretion of many of these proteins through the classical endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi pathway is driven by a canonical N-terminal s...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Nombela C,Gil C,Chaffin WL

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several features of HIV have frustrated efforts to develop a vaccine able to induce broadly neutralising antibodies. The enormous genetic diversity of HIV is a major factor, accompanied by the camouflaged nature of the envelope spike, upon which HIV depends for cellular entry and to which antibodies must bind to neutr...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Willey S,Aasa-Chapman MM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ribosome research has undergone astonishing progress in recent years. Crystal structures have shed light on the functional properties of the translation machinery and revealed how the striking architecture of the ribosome is ingeniously designed as the framework for its unique capabilities: precise decoding, substrate...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bashan A,Yonath A

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbiology has unraveled rich evidence of ongoing reticulate evolutionary processes and complex interactions both within and between cells. These phenomena feature real biological networks, which can logically be analyzed using network-based tools. It is thus not surprising that network sciences, a field independent...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Papale F,Saget J,Bapteste É

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, a new group of multicellular microorganisms was discovered, called 'cable bacteria', which are capable of generating and mediating electrical currents across centimetre-scale distances. By transporting electrons from cell to cell, cable bacteria can harvest electron donors and electron acceptors that are wid...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Meysman FJR

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are an estimated 10(31) viruses on Earth, most of which are phages that infect bacteria. Metagenomic analyses have shown that environmental viral communities are incredibly diverse. There are an estimated 5000 viral genotypes in 200 liters of seawater and possibly a million different viral genotypes in one kilog...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Breitbart M,Rohwer F

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phloem transport of endogenous macromolecules and plant viruses remains poorly understood. Selective movement into and out of the phloem is tightly regulated, yet the mechanisms governing this selectivity have not been elucidated. Recent advances in identifying nonviral proteins and nucleic acids with the capacity for...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Santa Cruz S

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interferon-inducible, transmembrane protein BST-2 (CD317, tetherin) directly holds fully formed enveloped virus particles to the cells that produce them, inhibiting their spread. BST-2 inhibits members of the retrovirus, filovirus, arenavirus and herpesvirus families. These viruses encode a variety of proteins to ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Evans DT,Serra-Moreno R,Singh RK,Guatelli JC

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Seasonal influenza is controlled through vaccination campaigns. Evolution of influenza virus antigens means that vaccines must be updated to match novel strains, and vaccine effectiveness depends on the ability of scientists to predict nearly a year in advance which influenza variants will dominate in upcoming seasons...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Morris DH,Gostic KM,Pompei S,Bedford T,Łuksza M,Neher RA,Grenfell BT,Lässig M,McCauley JW

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphite, a species of phosphorus in a P3+ oxidation state, is believed to have played an important role in the primordial Earth. Figueroa et al. used metagenomics to uncover anaerobic bacterial communities from waste water waste sludge that sustain life from energy provided by phosphite. ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Tapia-Torres Y,Olmedo-Álvarez G

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian immune system includes a sophisticated array of antimicrobial mechanisms. However, successful pathogens have developed subversive strategies to detect, modulate, and/or evade immune control and clearance. Independent disciplines study host immunology and bacterial pathogenesis, but interkingdom signaling...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Gestal MC,Whitesides LT,Harvill ET

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human coronaviruses (HCoVs), including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, are zoonotic pathogens that originated in wild animals. HCoVs have large genomes that encode a fixed array of structural and nonstructural components, as well as a variety of accessory proteins that differ in number and sequence even among closely related C...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Forni D,Cagliani R,Clerici M,Sironi M

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past few decades, increasing attention has focused on pathogenic fungi both as fascinating research subjects and as the agents of serious illness in diverse patient populations. In particular, opportunistic fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans command notice as the ranks of their immunocompromised victims ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Doering TL

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Improved fluorescence techniques for visualizing proteins in whole bacterial cells have resulted in recent breakthroughs in our understanding of chromosome segregation and cytokinesis in prokaryotes. The dynamics and localization of some of these proteins reveal surprisingly cytoskeletal-like behavior. ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Margolin W

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rolling circle DNA replication is inherently continuous and unregulated. This 'go-for-broke' strategy works well for lytic phages but is suicidal for plasmids that must coexist with their host. Plasmids have consequently evolved elaborate copy number control systems that operate at the transcriptional, translational a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rasooly A,Rasooly RS

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular bacterial parasite of arthropods that enhances its transmission by manipulating host reproduction, most commonly by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility. The discovery of isolates with modified cytoplasmic incompatibility phenotypes and others with novel virulence properties is ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： McGraw EA,O'Neill SL

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:H3N2-subtype influenza A viruses are major causes of seasonal influenza epidemics. Emerging H3N2 variants require the annual adjustment of the vaccine strain. Recently, studies addressing the reduced effectiveness of current H3N2 vaccines have identified production-related substitutions in the viral hemagglutinin anti...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Mostafa A,Pleschka S

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00