Abstract：
:There are an estimated 10(31) viruses on Earth, most of which are phages that infect bacteria. Metagenomic analyses have shown that environmental viral communities are incredibly diverse. There are an estimated 5000 viral genotypes in 200 liters of seawater and possibly a million different viral genotypes in one kilogram of marine sediment. By contrast, some culturing and molecular studies have found that viruses move between different biomes. Together, these findings suggest that viral diversity could be high on a local scale but relatively limited globally. Also, by moving between environments, viruses can facilitate horizontal gene transfer.
journal_name
Trends Microbioljournal_title
Trends in microbiologyauthors
Breitbart M,Rohwer Fdoi
10.1016/j.tim.2005.04.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-06-01 00:00:00pages
278-84issue
6eissn
0966-842Xissn
1878-4380pii
S0966-842X(05)00108-3journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Seasonal influenza is controlled through vaccination campaigns. Evolution of influenza virus antigens means that vaccines must be updated to match novel strains, and vaccine effectiveness depends on the ability of scientists to predict nearly a year in advance which influenza variants will dominate in upcoming seasons...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2017.09.004
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an intracellular pathogen that infects 10 million people worldwide and kills 2 million people every year. The uptake and utilization of nutrients by Mtb within the host cell is still poorly understood, although lipids play an important role in Mtb persistence. The recent identificat...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2011.07.009
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), which is caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli, is the commonest cause of acute renal failure in childhood. It is widely believed that HUS develops following the release of Stx, an AB5 toxin that inhibits protein synthesis and has a direct toxic effect on the kidney ...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02045-5
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An individual's microbiome is likely to be an important contributor to certain health disparity diseases and conditions. We present a framework to study the role of the microbiome and the multiple factors that are likely to influence differences in disease predisposition, onset, and progression at the individual and p...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2016.08.001
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Viruses of the Mononegavirales have helical nucleocapsids containing a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome complexed with the nucleoprotein and several other virus-encoded proteins. This RNA-protein complex acts as the template for replication and transcription during infection. Recent structural data has advanc...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2013.08.001
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cryptococcosis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality world-wide, particularly among AIDS patients. Yet, to date, there are no licensed vaccines clinically available to treat or prevent cryptococcosis. In this review, we provide a rationale to support continued investment in Cryptococcus vaccine resear...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.002
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) uses several virulence factors to establish chronic respiratory infections in bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. One of its toxins, pyocyanin (PYO), is a redox-active pigment that is required for full virulence in animal models and has ...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2012.10.004
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some viruses have the ability to modulate the development of autoimmune diseases. Virus infections have long been associated with the exacerbation of autoimmune disease, however, there is also evidence that viruses can actually protect against autoimmune disease. Several experimental models have been developed to inve...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02097-2
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study has provided important clues towards the identity of the host genes that conspire to promote post-integration latency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Various genes controlling transcription, histone deacetylation and proteasome-mediated protein degradation have emerged as potential players. If th...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2005.02.006
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human influenza viruses cause regular epidemics and occasional pandemics with a substantial public health burden. Household transmission studies have provided valuable information on the dynamics of influenza transmission. We reviewed published studies and found that once one household member is infected with influenz...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2015.10.012
更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past two decades infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria have escalated world-wide, affecting patient morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. Among these bacteria, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis represent opportunistic nosocomial pathogens that cause difficult-to-treat infections ...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2017.01.004
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Archaea include microorganisms growing in some of the most extreme environments on earth. Consequently, their cellular components are remarkably stable entities and have considerable potential in the biotechnology industry. Here, we review the structure of archaeal enzymes in the context of their ability to functi...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0966-842x(98)01316-x
更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oncogenic viruses have evolved direct and indirect mechanisms to overcome the tumour suppressor p53. Fortunately, tumour development is limited by the narrow cell tropisms of the viruses concerned and the host immune response. However, such viruses are helping to elucidate the p53 response pathway and may play a futur...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0966-842X(96)10083-4
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Strictly lytic phages have been consensually preferred for phage therapy purposes. In contrast, temperate phages have been avoided due to an inherent capacity to mediate transfer of genes between bacteria by specialized transduction - an event that may increase bacterial virulence, for example, by promoting antibiotic...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.008
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcriptional regulation enables adaptation in bacteria. Typically, only a few transcriptional events are well understood, leaving many others unidentified. The recent genome-wide identification of transcription factor binding sites in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has changed this by deciphering a molecular road-map o...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2015.02.002
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The following pair of articles, the first by Gil Segal and Howard Shuman, and the second by James Kirby and Ralph Isberg (Trends Microbiol. 6, 256-258), explore the genetics and function of the icm/dot genes of Legionella pneumophila. This gene family is implicated in several aspects of virulence and appears to consti...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0966-842x(98)01308-0
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During cellular entry and infection, the parvovirus capsid follows a complex path from the cell surface to the nucleus, where the DNA is replicated. Various receptors have been characterized that bind to different parvoviruses and mediate their entry into cells. However, the subsequent trafficking pathways within the ...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2008.01.012
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several attempts have been made to identify the minimal set of genes that is required for life using computational approaches or studies of deletion mutants. These experiments resemble those already performed by nature; a few hundred million years ago an ancestor of Escherichia coli was domesticated by aphids, which r...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2003.11.006
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacterial pathogens are dependent on virulence factors to efficiently colonize and propagate within their hosts. Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens rely on specialized proteinaceous secretion systems that inject virulence factors, termed effectors, directly into host cells. These bacterial effector proteins perfor...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2012.02.007
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most membrane-anchored histidine kinases (HKs) of bacterial two-component systems (2CSs) contain an extracellular input domain that is thought to be responsible for sensing an environmental cue. By contrast, intramembrane-sensing HKs (IM-HKs) lack a sensory domain and cannot perceive their stimuli directly. Instead, a...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2014.05.006
更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Symbioses between eukaryotes and unicellular organisms are quite common, with examples copiously disseminated throughout the earth's biota. Arthropods, in particular, owe much of their ecological success to their microbial flora, which often provide supplements either lacking in the limited host diet or which the host...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2004.05.001
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Filamentous phages are small, highly evolved parasites that can reproduce and disseminate without killing their host. During assembly, virion proteins are transferred from the host membrane to the single-stranded DNA phase genome and simultaneously secreted from the cell. Filamentous phage assembly shares certain feat...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0966-842x(00)88929-5
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Knockout mice with distinct gene deletions are valuable tools for in vivo analyses of the immune response against infectious agents. Studies of bacterial and protozoal infections have shown that antimicrobial immunity is generally defective in knockout mice. At one extreme, deletion of just one gene may completely com...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0966-842x(94)90628-9
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term 'type III secretion' has seen widespread use. However, problems persist in nomenclature. We propose that the standard abbreviation for this kind of secretion should be 'T3S' and that 'type III secretion system' should be abbreviated to 'T3SS'. There is also a need for a new terminology to distinguish flagella...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2006.02.009
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although APOBEC3 degradation is the canonical function of HIV-1 Vif, this viral protein also induces potent cell cycle arrest through a newly defined mechanism. Here, we review recent advances in this area and propose that the scope of this activity may go beyond subversion of the host cell cycle. ...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.001
更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：:The susceptibility of Caenorhabditis elegans to different virulent phenotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa makes the worms an excellent model for studying host-pathogen interactions. Including the recently described liquid killing, five different killing assays are now available offering superb possibilities for performi...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2013.04.006
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most cases of candidiasis have been attributed to Candida albicans, but Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis, designated as non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC), have been identified as frequent human pathogens. Moreover, Candida biofilms are an escalating clinical problem associated with significan...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2016.09.004
更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent availability of extensive metagenomic sequences from various environmental microbial communities has extended the postgenomic era to the field of environmental microbiology. Although still restricted to a small number of studies, metaproteomic investigations have revealed interesting aspects of functional g...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2005.12.006
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:If we took all of the single copy genes in all sequenced genomes, made phylogenetic trees from them individually, and then made the supertree of those trees, what would we get? Recently, David Pisani and colleagues did that experiment and their results are likely to spark much discussion. Their prokaryote tree looks v...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2007.09.001
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cancer progression begins when malignant cells colonize adjacent sites, and it is characterized by increasing tumor heterogeneity, invasion and dissemination of cancer cells. Clinically, progression is the most relevant stage in the natural history of cancers. A given virus is usually regarded as oncogenic because of ...
journal_title：Trends in microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tim.2016.03.008
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
