A Call to Arms: Quest for a Cryptococcal Vaccine.

abstract：:Defensins and cathelicidins are prevalent and essential gastrointestinal cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs). However, these defensive peptides are not infallible because certain enteropathogens can overcome their protective function. Furthermore, impaired defensin synthesis has been linked to the occurrence of Cro...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Peyrin-Biroulet L,Vignal C,Dessein R,Simonet M,Desreumaux P,Chamaillard M

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protozoans of the genus Plasmodium are the causative agents of malaria; they have a complex life cycle involving vertebrate and arthropod hosts and have three distinct invasive stages. Although the invasive stages probably invade cells using similar mechanisms, each stage has a different host cell specificity and util...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Sinnis P,Sim BK

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in almost all aspects of plant life, including defending against pathogens. Although the proteasome is important for plant immunity, it has been found to be also exploited by pathogens using effectors to increase their virulence. Recent work on...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Dudler R

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistence of the latent reservoir remains a challenge to curing HIV infection. Using shRNA screening, new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying latency regulation indicate that the estrogen receptor is a potent repressor of proviral reactivation and may serve as a promising therapeutic target in combinat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bick AJ,Hapgood JP

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selected bacterial pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, establish persistent infections in mammalian hosts despite activating inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. The strategies used to overcome host defense responses vary with the anatomical location of the infection but often r...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rhen M,Eriksson S,Clements M,Bergström S,Normark SJ

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to tetracycline is generally due either to energy-dependent efflux of tetracycline or to protection of the bacterial ribosomes from the action of tetracycline. The genes that encode this resistance are normally acquired via transferable plasmids and/or transposons. Tet determinants have been found in a wide...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Roberts MC

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclopentenone prostanoids inhibit virus replication by turning on an intracellular defence response that involves the induction of cytoprotective heat-shock proteins, the modification of viral glycoprotein maturation and the control of NF-kappa B activation. These molecules represent an interesting model for the deve...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Santoro MG

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccines preventing seasonal influenza infections save many lives every year; however, due to rapid viral evolution, they have to be updated frequently to remain effective. To identify appropriate vaccine strains, the World Health Organization (WHO) operates a global program that continually generates and interprets s...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Klingen TR,Reimering S,Guzmán CA,McHardy AC

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Badgers represent a wildlife reservoir for bovine tuberculosis in Britain, which persists in the south west despite almost 20 years of badger control. The influence of landscape structure on patterns of badger urinatory behaviour may be one reason for the localized persistence of the disease in cattle within the regio...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Brown JA,Harris S,White PC

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The capacity to injure infected cells is a widespread property of viruses. Usually, this cytopathic effect (CPE) is ascribed to viral hijacking of cellular resources to fulfill viral needs. However, evidence is accumulating that CPE is not necessarily directly coupled to viral reproduction but may largely be due to ho...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Agol VI

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Initial hepatitis B virus (HBV) attachment occurs via heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), which then trigger receptor-mediated internalization. Although HSPGs express in many tissues, HBV is destined for hepatotropic infection. A recent paper by Seitz et al. proposed that the slow viral maturation process plays a c...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Watashi K

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extracytoplasmic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (TDORs) catalyze the oxidation, reduction, and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds. Although these processes have been characterized in Gram-negative bacteria, the majority of Gram-positive TDORs have only recently been discovered. Results from recent studies have ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Davey L,Halperin SA,Lee SF

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectacular ability of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to immortalize and morphologically transform human B cells in vitro to lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) is central to most molecular models of viral oncogenesis. However, binding of transcription factor and oncoprotein c-Myc to the major locus control region (LCR) of...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Niller HH,Salamon D,Banati F,Schwarzmann F,Wolf H,Minarovits J

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Entomopathogenic fungi are attracting attention as potential biological control agents of insect pests. The mechanisms of pathogenesis have parallels with those of some plant-pathogenic fungi, particularly in the areas of formation of an infection structure, entry into the host and toxin-mediated host death. Understan...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Clarkson JM,Charnley AK

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To obtain iron from the host for growth, staphylococci have evolved sophisticated iron-scavenging systems including siderophores and a cell surface receptor for transferrin, the mammalian iron-transporting glycoprotein. The staphylococcal transferrin receptor has been identified as a member of a newly emerging family ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Modun B,Morrissey J,Williams P

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phloem transport of endogenous macromolecules and plant viruses remains poorly understood. Selective movement into and out of the phloem is tightly regulated, yet the mechanisms governing this selectivity have not been elucidated. Recent advances in identifying nonviral proteins and nucleic acids with the capacity for...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Santa Cruz S

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial phenotypes are predominantly studied in culture because detection of their specific metabolic pathways in the host is challenging. Development of stable-isotope breath tests, allowing in situ phenotype analyses, may endow diagnostics with new modalities based upon direct monitoring of in vivo microbial metab...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Timmins GS

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transcriptional regulation enables adaptation in bacteria. Typically, only a few transcriptional events are well understood, leaving many others unidentified. The recent genome-wide identification of transcription factor binding sites in Mycobacterium tuberculosis has changed this by deciphering a molecular road-map o...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Baloni P,Chandra N

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial dormancy is a widespread phenomenon employed by bacteria to evade environmental threats including antibiotics. This intrinsic mechanism of antibiotic tolerance has drawn special attention to the role of dormancy in human disease, particularly in regards to recurrent infections. Two dormancy states, the viabl...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ayrapetyan M,Williams TC,Oliver JD

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knockout mice with distinct gene deletions are valuable tools for in vivo analyses of the immune response against infectious agents. Studies of bacterial and protozoal infections have shown that antimicrobial immunity is generally defective in knockout mice. At one extreme, deletion of just one gene may completely com...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kaufmann SH,Ladel CH

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fungus Candida albicans is a benign member of the mucosal microbiota, but can cause mucosal infections and life-threatening disseminated invasive infections in susceptible individuals. The ability to switch between yeast, pseudohyphal, and hyphal growth forms (polymorphism) is one of the most investigated virulenc...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Lu Y,Su C,Liu H

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Filamentous phages are small, highly evolved parasites that can reproduce and disseminate without killing their host. During assembly, virion proteins are transferred from the host membrane to the single-stranded DNA phase genome and simultaneously secreted from the cell. Filamentous phage assembly shares certain feat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Russel M

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oncogenic viruses have evolved direct and indirect mechanisms to overcome the tumour suppressor p53. Fortunately, tumour development is limited by the narrow cell tropisms of the viruses concerned and the host immune response. However, such viruses are helping to elucidate the p53 response pathway and may play a futur...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Neil JC,Cameron ER,Baxter EW

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term 'type III secretion' has seen widespread use. However, problems persist in nomenclature. We propose that the standard abbreviation for this kind of secretion should be 'T3S' and that 'type III secretion system' should be abbreviated to 'T3SS'. There is also a need for a new terminology to distinguish flagella...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Desvaux M,Hébraud M,Henderson IR,Pallen MJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Strains of Helicobacter pylori from patients with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer contain a 40-kb fragment of DNA that is not present in isolates from carriers with asymptomatic infections. The discovery of the cag pathogenicity island suggests that virulence has evolved by quantum leaps through the inheritanc...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Covacci A,Falkow S,Berg DE,Rappuoli R

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent availability of extensive metagenomic sequences from various environmental microbial communities has extended the postgenomic era to the field of environmental microbiology. Although still restricted to a small number of studies, metaproteomic investigations have revealed interesting aspects of functional g...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Wilmes P,Bond PL

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is emerging as a facile and economical model host for the study of evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of microbial pathogenesis and innate immunity. A rapidly growing number of human and animal microbial pathogens have been shown to injure and kill nematodes. In many cases, microbi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Sifri CD,Begun J,Ausubel FM

更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial pathogens possess a diversity of weapons that disrupt host homeostasis and immune defenses, thus resulting in the establishment of infection. The best-characterized system mediating bacterial protein delivery into target eukaryotic cells is the type III secretion system (T3SS) expressed by Gram-negative bact...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Pinaud L,Sansonetti PJ,Phalipon A

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway is pivotal for immune system function. Not surprisingly, pathogenic microorganisms have developed strategies to subvert it. Two examples are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), oncogenic gammaherpesviruses that establish a lifelong latent inf...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： de Oliveira DE,Ballon G,Cesarman E

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Horizontal gene transfer can provide bacteria with new functions that confer an important competitive advantage, and is therefore likely to affect the dynamics of bacterial ecosystems. Two studies by Wolfe et al. and Bonham et al. prepare the way to study this hypothesis in a model ecosystem with reproducible properti...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： van de Guchte M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00