Viral disruption of the blood-brain barrier.

abstract：:The capacity to injure infected cells is a widespread property of viruses. Usually, this cytopathic effect (CPE) is ascribed to viral hijacking of cellular resources to fulfill viral needs. However, evidence is accumulating that CPE is not necessarily directly coupled to viral reproduction but may largely be due to ho...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Agol VI

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenic Yersinia express a complex array of iron-regulated functions and possess mechanisms for inorganic iron and hemin acquisition. These include a unique temperature-regulated hemin storage system, high-affinity transport processes for hemin and inorganic iron, and an iron-responsive regulatory system controllin...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Perry RD

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent availability of extensive metagenomic sequences from various environmental microbial communities has extended the postgenomic era to the field of environmental microbiology. Although still restricted to a small number of studies, metaproteomic investigations have revealed interesting aspects of functional g...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Wilmes P,Bond PL

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The assembly of microbial communities within the gastrointestinal tract during early life plays a critical role in immune, endocrine, metabolic, and other host developmental pathways. Environmental insults during this period, such as food insecurity and infections, can disrupt this optimal microbial succession, which ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Robertson RC,Manges AR,Finlay BB,Prendergast AJ

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycoplasmas are minute wall-less bacterial parasites that exhibit strict host and tissue specificities. They enter, multiply and survive within the host for extended periods by circumventing host defenses. Their intimate interaction with eukaryotic cells, and in some cases the subsequent invasion into or fusion with t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rottem S,Naot Y

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent emerging evidence has revealed that regulatory noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, circular RNAs) modulate host-microbe interactions and they have been proposed as potential biomarkers of the host's response to microbiome-linked pathologies such as cancers, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. Interactions between m...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Malmuthuge N,Guan LL

更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Evolution, climate change, and vaccination: in these cases and more, scientists, policymakers, and educators are confronted by organized campaigns to spread doubt, denial, and rejection of the scientific community's consensus on central scientific principles. To overcome these threats, scientists not only need to spre...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rosenau J

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclopentenone prostanoids inhibit virus replication by turning on an intracellular defence response that involves the induction of cytoprotective heat-shock proteins, the modification of viral glycoprotein maturation and the control of NF-kappa B activation. These molecules represent an interesting model for the deve...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Santoro MG

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins can suffer from poor immunogenicity owing to incorrect folding of the target protein or poor presentation to the immune system. Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a specific class of subunit vaccine that mimic the structure of authentic virus particles. They are recogn...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Noad R,Roy P

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nguyen et al. used transposon sequencing analysis and competitive colonization assays to describe how aspartate/malate can trigger initial Salmonella Typhimurium gut-lumen colonization in mice, providing insight into the significance of certain key metabolites beyond the realm of Salmonella life. Metabolite-driven dia...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Jepsen S,Jiang S

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pantoea agglomerans has been transformed from a commensal bacterium associated with many plants into a host-specific gall-forming pathogen by acquiring a plasmid-borne pathogenicity island. This pathogenicity island harbors the hrp/hrc gene cluster, in addition to genes encoding type III effector proteins, biosynthesi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Barash I,Manulis-Sasson S

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protozoans of the genus Plasmodium are the causative agents of malaria; they have a complex life cycle involving vertebrate and arthropod hosts and have three distinct invasive stages. Although the invasive stages probably invade cells using similar mechanisms, each stage has a different host cell specificity and util...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Sinnis P,Sim BK

更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbial pathogens possess a diversity of weapons that disrupt host homeostasis and immune defenses, thus resulting in the establishment of infection. The best-characterized system mediating bacterial protein delivery into target eukaryotic cells is the type III secretion system (T3SS) expressed by Gram-negative bact...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Pinaud L,Sansonetti PJ,Phalipon A

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, there has been controversy over the role of antibodies in immunity to Candida, but recently specific antibodies to mannoproteins and hsp90 have been shown to be protective against murine candidiasis. Combined with technical advances in antibody engineering, this raises the possibility of harnessing suc...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Matthews R,Burnie J

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms that spatially regulate cytokinesis are more diverse than initially thought. In two recent publications a positive regulator of FtsZ positioning has been identified in Streptococcus pneumoniae. MapZ (LocZ) connects the division machinery with cell wall elongation, providing a simple mechanism to ensure ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bramkamp M

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Knockout mice with distinct gene deletions are valuable tools for in vivo analyses of the immune response against infectious agents. Studies of bacterial and protozoal infections have shown that antimicrobial immunity is generally defective in knockout mice. At one extreme, deletion of just one gene may completely com...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kaufmann SH,Ladel CH

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although APOBEC3 degradation is the canonical function of HIV-1 Vif, this viral protein also induces potent cell cycle arrest through a newly defined mechanism. Here, we review recent advances in this area and propose that the scope of this activity may go beyond subversion of the host cell cycle. ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Salamango DJ,Harris RS

更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:For decades, hemagglutinin (HA) protein structure and its refolding mechanism have served as a paradigm for understanding protein-mediated membrane fusion. HA trimers are in a high-energy state and are functionally activated by low pH. Over the past decade, HA stability (or the pH at which irreversible conformational ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Russell CJ,Hu M,Okda FA

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD) is a common and unintended consequence of antibiotic use. Clostridium difficile is the most common infectious aetiology of AAD; however, only approximately 25% of all AAD cases are associated with C. difficile infection, with the aetiology in the majority of cases remaining undete...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Larcombe S,Hutton ML,Lyras D

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several features of HIV have frustrated efforts to develop a vaccine able to induce broadly neutralising antibodies. The enormous genetic diversity of HIV is a major factor, accompanied by the camouflaged nature of the envelope spike, upon which HIV depends for cellular entry and to which antibodies must bind to neutr...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Willey S,Aasa-Chapman MM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Persistence of the latent reservoir remains a challenge to curing HIV infection. Using shRNA screening, new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying latency regulation indicate that the estrogen receptor is a potent repressor of proviral reactivation and may serve as a promising therapeutic target in combinat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bick AJ,Hapgood JP

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Superantigens are a diverse collection of molecules that share the ability to activate specific lymphocyte subsets. In animal models, many of these molecules delete T-cell populations or render them anergic. The clinical impact of superantigens is significant, but much of their pathophysiology remains unclear. ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Michie CA,Cohen J

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The STING (Stimulator of Interferon Genes) protein connects microorganism cytosolic sensing with effector functions of the host cell by sensing directly cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), originating from pathogens or from the host upon DNA recognition. Although STING activation favors effective immune responses against vir...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Marinho FV,Benmerzoug S,Oliveira SC,Ryffel B,Quesniaux VFJ

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enveloped viruses encode membrane-associated glycoproteins that direct the initial stages of virus infection. These usually oligomeric structures bind virions to cell surface receptors and, subsequently, direct fusion of viral membranes with cellular membranes. These structures are also the primary targets of neutrali...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Morrison TG

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most cases of candidiasis have been attributed to Candida albicans, but Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis, designated as non-C. albicans Candida (NCAC), have been identified as frequent human pathogens. Moreover, Candida biofilms are an escalating clinical problem associated with significan...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Araújo D,Henriques M,Silva S

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification and quantification of the proteins that a whole organism expresses under certain conditions is a main focus of high-throughput proteomics. Advanced proteomics approaches generate new biologically relevant data and potent hypotheses. A practical report of what proteome studies can and cannot accompli...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kolker E,Higdon R,Hogan JM

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogens survive and propagate within host cells through a wide array of complex interactions. Tracking the molecular and cellular events by multidimensional fluorescence microscopy has been a widespread tool for research on intracellular pathogens. Through major advancements in 3D electron microscopy, intracellular ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Weiner A,Enninga J

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial motility relies chiefly on the rotation of a molecular propeller, the flagellar filament, which is constructed from the protein flagellin. Here, flagellin sequence conservation and diversity is examined in the light of the recently determined flagellar filament structure. As expected, the surface-exposed dom...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Beatson SA,Minamino T,Pallen MJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium leprae has the capacity to invade the peripheral nervous system and cause neuropathy. The molecular mechanisms responsible have remained unknown until recently. Identification of the endoneurial laminin-2 isoform and its receptor alpha-dystroglycan as neural targets of M. leprae has not only opened up a ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rambukkana A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major human respiratory pathogen, our knowledge of how it causes disease in humans is limited. Airway epithelial cells are the primary targets of RSV infection in vivo, so the generation and exploitation of RSV infection models based on morphologically and physiologicall...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Villenave R,Shields MD,Power UF

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00