Variation in bacterial flagellins: from sequence to structure.

abstract：:Superantigens are a diverse collection of molecules that share the ability to activate specific lymphocyte subsets. In animal models, many of these molecules delete T-cell populations or render them anergic. The clinical impact of superantigens is significant, but much of their pathophysiology remains unclear. ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Michie CA,Cohen J

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hospitals worldwide are facing an increasing incidence of hard-to-treat infections. Limiting infections and providing patients with optimal drug regimens require timely strain identification as well as virulence and drug-resistance profiling. Additionally, prophylactic interventions based on the identification of envi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Balloux F,Brønstad Brynildsrud O,van Dorp L,Shaw LP,Chen H,Harris KA,Wang H,Eldholm V

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of virulence in Salmonella is driven by horizontal gene transfer. This has given rise to highly flexible pathogens that are able to colonize new niches and extend their host range. Tracing the record of horizontal gene transfer can provide clues to the virulence factors that contribute to the formation o...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bäumler AJ

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A recent study has provided important clues towards the identity of the host genes that conspire to promote post-integration latency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Various genes controlling transcription, histone deacetylation and proteasome-mediated protein degradation have emerged as potential players. If th...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Williams SA,Greene WC

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Significant advances have been made in recent years in our understanding of how methicillin resistance is acquired by Staphylococcus aureus. Integration of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element into the chromosome converts drug-sensitive S. aureus into the notorious hospital pathogen methicilin-res...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hiramatsu K,Cui L,Kuroda M,Ito T

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal infections are on the rise due to new medical procedures that have increased the number of immune compromised patients, antibacterial antibiotics that disrupt the microbiome, and increased use of indwelling medical devices that provide sites for biofilm formation. Key to understanding the mechanisms of pathogen...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Min K,Neiman AM,Konopka JB

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding how asymmetries in cellular constituents are achieved and how such positional information directs the construction of structures in a nonrandom fashion is a fundamental problem in cell biology. The recent identification of determinants that self-assemble into macromolecular complexes at the bacterial cel...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bergé M,Viollier PH

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Filamentous phages are small, highly evolved parasites that can reproduce and disseminate without killing their host. During assembly, virion proteins are transferred from the host membrane to the single-stranded DNA phase genome and simultaneously secreted from the cell. Filamentous phage assembly shares certain feat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Russel M

更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant root activities shape microbial community functioning in the soil, making the rhizosphere the epicenter of soil biogeochemical processes. With this opinion article, we argue to rethink the rhizosphere boundaries: as gases can diffuse several centimeters away from the roots into the soil, the portion of soil infl...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： de la Porte A,Schmidt R,Yergeau É,Constant P

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The interferon-inducible, transmembrane protein BST-2 (CD317, tetherin) directly holds fully formed enveloped virus particles to the cells that produce them, inhibiting their spread. BST-2 inhibits members of the retrovirus, filovirus, arenavirus and herpesvirus families. These viruses encode a variety of proteins to ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Evans DT,Serra-Moreno R,Singh RK,Guatelli JC

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophages are viruses of bacteria that are used for controlling bacterial food-borne pathogens and have been proposed for more extensive usage in infection control. Protists are now recognised to harbour viruses and virus-like particles. We propose that investigation of their prevalence in parasites be intensifie...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hyman P,Atterbury R,Barrow P

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous observations have established a crucial role for phagocytic cells in host resistance to Salmonella. Activated macrophages rely on a complex array of oxygen-dependent antimicrobial molecules to inhibit or kill intracellular Salmonella. An initial oxidative bactericidal phase, which is dependent on the respirat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Vazquez-Torres A,Fang FC

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification and quantification of the proteins that a whole organism expresses under certain conditions is a main focus of high-throughput proteomics. Advanced proteomics approaches generate new biologically relevant data and potent hypotheses. A practical report of what proteome studies can and cannot accompli...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kolker E,Higdon R,Hogan JM

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The capacity to injure infected cells is a widespread property of viruses. Usually, this cytopathic effect (CPE) is ascribed to viral hijacking of cellular resources to fulfill viral needs. However, evidence is accumulating that CPE is not necessarily directly coupled to viral reproduction but may largely be due to ho...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Agol VI

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The microbial surface components recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs) are a family of proteins that are defined by the presence of two adjacent IgG-like folded subdomains. These promote binding to ligands by mechanisms that involve major conformational changes exemplified by the binding to fibrinogen by th...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Foster TJ

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungi are an important constituent of microbial endolithic assemblages in marine ecosystems. As euendoliths, they penetrate limestone, mollusk shells and other carbonate substrates, where they can exploit mineralized organic matter, attack their hosts, or engage in symbiotic relationships. They leave specific boring t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Golubic S,Radtke G,Le Campion-Alsumard T

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nguyen et al. used transposon sequencing analysis and competitive colonization assays to describe how aspartate/malate can trigger initial Salmonella Typhimurium gut-lumen colonization in mice, providing insight into the significance of certain key metabolites beyond the realm of Salmonella life. Metabolite-driven dia...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Jepsen S,Jiang S

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several features of HIV have frustrated efforts to develop a vaccine able to induce broadly neutralising antibodies. The enormous genetic diversity of HIV is a major factor, accompanied by the camouflaged nature of the envelope spike, upon which HIV depends for cellular entry and to which antibodies must bind to neutr...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Willey S,Aasa-Chapman MM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The bacterial flagellum is a complex self-assembling nanomachine that contains its own type III protein export apparatus. Upon completion of early flagellar structure, this apparatus switches substrate specificity to export late structural subunits, thereby coupling sequential flagellar gene expression with flagellar ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ferris HU,Minamino T

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spores produced by bacilli and clostridia are surrounded by a multilayered protein shell called the coat. As the armor-like appearance of the coat suggests, this structure, along with others within the spore, confers the remarkable resistance properties that make Bacillus anthracis spores such potent biological weapon...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Driks A

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women with human papillomavirus (HPV) being a key etiologic factor of this devastating disease. In this article, we describe modern advances in the genomics and transcriptomics of cervical cancer that led to uncovering the key gene drivers. We also introduce, herein, ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Shulzhenko N,Lyng H,Sanson GF,Morgun A

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ubiquitin-26S proteasome degradation system (UPS) plays a pivotal role in almost all aspects of plant life, including defending against pathogens. Although the proteasome is important for plant immunity, it has been found to be also exploited by pathogens using effectors to increase their virulence. Recent work on...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Dudler R

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RIG-I-like receptors detect cytosolic viral RNA and activate an antiviral innate immune response. A new study employs the one STrEP-purification technique and next generation sequencing to characterize physiological ligands in an infected cell. The view of all three RLRs bound to viral RNAs shows specialization, colla...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Lässig C,Hopfner KP

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses have evolved complex and dynamic interactions with their host cell. In recent years we have gained insight into the expanding roles for host lipids in the virus life cycle. In particular, viruses target lipid signaling, synthesis, and metabolism to remodel their host cells into an optimal environment for their...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Heaton NS,Randall G

更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 evades antibody-mediated neutralization in many cunning ways. The recent structural characterization of a conserved neutralization epitope on the envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) provides clues to the vulnerabilities of the virus. We discuss these observations and explain their relevance for HIV-1 vaccine des...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Eggink D,Melchers M,Sanders RW

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As plastic debris in the environment continues to increase, an emerging concern is the potential for microplastic to act as vectors for pathogen transport. With aquaculture the fastest growing food sector, and microplastic contamination of shellfish increasingly demonstrated, understanding any risk of pathogen transpo...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bowley J,Baker-Austin C,Porter A,Hartnell R,Lewis C

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacterial phenotypes are predominantly studied in culture because detection of their specific metabolic pathways in the host is challenging. Development of stable-isotope breath tests, allowing in situ phenotype analyses, may endow diagnostics with new modalities based upon direct monitoring of in vivo microbial metab...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Timmins GS

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pantoea agglomerans has been transformed from a commensal bacterium associated with many plants into a host-specific gall-forming pathogen by acquiring a plasmid-borne pathogenicity island. This pathogenicity island harbors the hrp/hrc gene cluster, in addition to genes encoding type III effector proteins, biosynthesi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Barash I,Manulis-Sasson S

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria use type IV secretion systems (T4SS) to translocate macromolecular substrates destined for bacterial, plant or human target cells. The T4SS are medically important, contributing to virulence-gene spread, genome plasticity and the alteration of host cellular processes during infection. The T4SS are ancestrally...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ding Z,Atmakuri K,Christie PJ

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deadly infections from opportunistic fungi have risen in frequency, largely because of the at-risk immunocompromised population created by advances in modern medicine and the HIV/AIDS pandemic. This review focuses on dynamics of the fungal polysaccharide cell wall, which plays an outsized role in fungal pathogenesis a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hopke A,Brown AJP,Hall RA,Wheeler RT

更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00