Abstract:
:Spores produced by bacilli and clostridia are surrounded by a multilayered protein shell called the coat. As the armor-like appearance of the coat suggests, this structure, along with others within the spore, confers the remarkable resistance properties that make Bacillus anthracis spores such potent biological weapons. Here, I review recent studies of coat assembly in the model organism Bacillus subtilis, and explore the implications of these findings for coat assembly in B. anthracis and for defense against biological weapons.
journal_name
Trends Microbioljournal_title
Trends in microbiologyauthors
Driks Adoi
10.1016/s0966-842x(02)02373-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-06-01 00:00:00pages
251-4issue
6eissn
0966-842Xissn
1878-4380pii
S0966842X02023739journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling pathway is pivotal for immune system function. Not surprisingly, pathogenic microorganisms have developed strategies to subvert it. Two examples are Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), oncogenic gammaherpesviruses that establish a lifelong latent inf...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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abstract::Pathogenic viral infections have exerted selection pressure on their hosts to evolve cellular antiviral inhibitors referred to as restriction factors. Examples of such molecules are APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F and TRIM5alpha. APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F are cytidine deaminases that are able to strongly inhibit retroviral replication...
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abstract::Hospitals worldwide are facing an increasing incidence of hard-to-treat infections. Limiting infections and providing patients with optimal drug regimens require timely strain identification as well as virulence and drug-resistance profiling. Additionally, prophylactic interventions based on the identification of envi...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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abstract::Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women with human papillomavirus (HPV) being a key etiologic factor of this devastating disease. In this article, we describe modern advances in the genomics and transcriptomics of cervical cancer that led to uncovering the key gene drivers. We also introduce, herein, ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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abstract::CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-based immune systems are essentially modular with three primary functions: the excision and integration of new spacers, the processing of CRISPR transcripts to yield mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs), and the targeting and cleavage of foreign nucleic acid. T...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::Proteins embedded in membranes are important for helping the cell adapt to changes in the extracellular milieu and often play key roles in the life cycles of pathogenic microbes. Bioinformatic predictions can provide an estimate of membrane proteins, but experimental approaches of detection are required for a deeper u...
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abstract::Phloem transport of endogenous macromolecules and plant viruses remains poorly understood. Selective movement into and out of the phloem is tightly regulated, yet the mechanisms governing this selectivity have not been elucidated. Recent advances in identifying nonviral proteins and nucleic acids with the capacity for...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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abstract::Males are disproportionately affected by severe disease and death from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In their recent article, Takahashi et al. found sex differences in immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and the predictors of disease progression. These findings contribute to elucid...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite the lack of an in vitro replication system, genes coding for viral proteins of hepatitis C virus have been identified. The putative nucleocapsid (p22) and envelope (gp35 and gp58) proteins have been expressed in cells by different vectors under various foreign promoters. Detection of antibodies to these protei...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842x(93)90137-g
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2017.07.002
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type III secretion (T3S) is a mechanism that is central to the biology of the Chlamydiaceae and many other pathogens whose virulence depends on the translocation of toxic effector proteins to cytosolic targets within infected eukaryotic cells. Biomathematical simulations, using a previously described model of contact-...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.12.004
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although APOBEC3 degradation is the canonical function of HIV-1 Vif, this viral protein also induces potent cell cycle arrest through a newly defined mechanism. Here, we review recent advances in this area and propose that the scope of this activity may go beyond subversion of the host cell cycle. ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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abstract::Adaptation of rhizobia to a symbiotic life style and synthesis of the nitrogen-fixing apparatus are coordinated with nodule development by the microaerobic conditions prevailing in the central nodule tissue. Sensing and transduction of the "low oxygen' signal involves similar regulatory elements in different rhizobia,...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842x(96)10049-4
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian immune system includes a sophisticated array of antimicrobial mechanisms. However, successful pathogens have developed subversive strategies to detect, modulate, and/or evade immune control and clearance. Independent disciplines study host immunology and bacterial pathogenesis, but interkingdom signaling...
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abstract::Fungal pathogens pose serious threats to human, plant, and ecosystem health. Improved diagnostics and antifungal strategies are therefore urgently required. Here, we review recent developments in online bioinformatic tools and associated interactive data archives, which enable sophisticated comparative genomics and fu...
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abstract::Invasive fungal infections are a major cause of mortality in immunocompromised patients. By using high-resolution sequencing, Zhai et al. provide insight into translocation of Candida strains from the gut mycobiota to the bloodstream of transplanted patients. Microbiota-driven diagnostic methods could rapidly emerge f...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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abstract::The assembly of microbial communities within the gastrointestinal tract during early life plays a critical role in immune, endocrine, metabolic, and other host developmental pathways. Environmental insults during this period, such as food insecurity and infections, can disrupt this optimal microbial succession, which ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.09.008
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tricorn protease is an archaeal protease that forms massive proteasome-like capsids with a hollow chamber. beta-Propeller and PDZ domains are thought to play a role in substrate selection. By analysis of predicted proteins from novel bacterial genome sequences, we have identified four new bacterial tricorn-like pr...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an exogenous retrovirus that persists lifelong in the infected host. Infection has been linked to a spectrum of diverse diseases: adult T cell leukemia, encephalomyelopathy, and predisposition to opportunistic bacterial and helminth infections. Applications of new technolo...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) uses several virulence factors to establish chronic respiratory infections in bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. One of its toxins, pyocyanin (PYO), is a redox-active pigment that is required for full virulence in animal models and has ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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doi:10.1016/j.tim.2012.10.004
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study has provided important clues towards the identity of the host genes that conspire to promote post-integration latency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Various genes controlling transcription, histone deacetylation and proteasome-mediated protein degradation have emerged as potential players. If th...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomics is fast becoming a routine tool in medical diagnostics and cutting-edge biotechnologies. Yet, its use for environmental biomonitoring is still considered a futuristic ideal. Until now, environmental genomics was mainly used as a replacement of the burdensome morphological identification, to screen known morph...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.012
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A holistic approach to understanding the mechanisms by which stress influences the pathogenesis of infectious disease has resulted in the development of the field of microbial endocrinology. This transdisciplinary field represents the intersection of microbiology with mammalian endocrinology and neurophysiology, and i...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
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doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.11.005
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00