Abstract:
:Numerous observations have established a crucial role for phagocytic cells in host resistance to Salmonella. Activated macrophages rely on a complex array of oxygen-dependent antimicrobial molecules to inhibit or kill intracellular Salmonella. An initial oxidative bactericidal phase, which is dependent on the respiratory burst phagocyte oxidase (phox) is succeeded by a prolonged nitrosative bacteriostatic phase, which is dependent on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). The sequential contribution of phox and iNOS to anti-Salmonella innate immunity has been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The temporal progression from the predominant production of reactive oxygen species to the production of nitrogen oxides could optimize the initial reduction in microbial burden while minimizing the immunopathological consequences of the host inflammatory response.
journal_name
Trends Microbioljournal_title
Trends in microbiologyauthors
Vazquez-Torres A,Fang FCdoi
10.1016/s0966-842x(00)01897-7subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-01-01 00:00:00pages
29-33issue
1eissn
0966-842Xissn
1878-4380pii
S0966-842X(00)01897-7journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Recognition of pathogenic bacteria by mammalian hosts is largely mediated by membrane-bound Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Recently, a family of cytosolic proteins, termed NODs, with homology to plant disease-resistance gene products has been implicated in sensing microbes within the cytosol. The role of NOD family membe...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2004.10.001
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hospitals worldwide are facing an increasing incidence of hard-to-treat infections. Limiting infections and providing patients with optimal drug regimens require timely strain identification as well as virulence and drug-resistance profiling. Additionally, prophylactic interventions based on the identification of envi...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.08.004
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spectacular failure of the existing bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in recent tuberculosis-control trials has prompted a search for potential replacements. Imaginative approaches currently under development include the modulation of BCG by the production of auxotrophic mutants or cytokine-secreting recombina...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(00)88987-8
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification and quantification of the proteins that a whole organism expresses under certain conditions is a main focus of high-throughput proteomics. Advanced proteomics approaches generate new biologically relevant data and potent hypotheses. A practical report of what proteome studies can and cannot accompli...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2006.03.005
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although biologists have long recognized the importance of studying evolution to understand the organization of living organisms, only with the development of genomics have evolutionary studies become part of their routine toolkit. Placing genomes into an evolutionary framework has proved useful for understanding the ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2007.01.007
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genomics is fast becoming a routine tool in medical diagnostics and cutting-edge biotechnologies. Yet, its use for environmental biomonitoring is still considered a futuristic ideal. Until now, environmental genomics was mainly used as a replacement of the burdensome morphological identification, to screen known morph...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2018.10.012
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracytoplasmic thiol-disulfide oxidoreductases (TDORs) catalyze the oxidation, reduction, and isomerization of protein disulfide bonds. Although these processes have been characterized in Gram-negative bacteria, the majority of Gram-positive TDORs have only recently been discovered. Results from recent studies have ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.06.010
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mycoplasmas are minute wall-less bacterial parasites that exhibit strict host and tissue specificities. They enter, multiply and survive within the host for extended periods by circumventing host defenses. Their intimate interaction with eukaryotic cells, and in some cases the subsequent invasion into or fusion with t...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(98)01358-4
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although it is commonly assumed that Darwin had nothing to say about microbes, he did in fact say quite a lot. He included microbes in his Beagle studies of the geographical distribution of organisms and used microscopic organisms as explicit exemplars of how adaptation did not imply increasing complexity. Darwin ofte...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2009.05.009
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interbacterial communication can be mediated by soluble secreted factors and direct cell-cell contact. Recently, Aoki et al. identified a new contact-dependent communication pathway by which strains of uropathogenic Escherichia coli can inhibit the growth of other microbes within a mixed population. Two novel gene pro...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.12.003
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retroviruses, like other RNA viruses, mutate at very high rates (0.05-1 mutations per genome per replication cycle) and exist as complex genetically heterogeneous populations ('quasispecies') that are ever changing. De novo mutations are generated by inherently error-prone steps in the retroviral life cycle that intro...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842x(96)81500-9
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tricorn protease is an archaeal protease that forms massive proteasome-like capsids with a hollow chamber. beta-Propeller and PDZ domains are thought to play a role in substrate selection. By analysis of predicted proteins from novel bacterial genome sequences, we have identified four new bacterial tricorn-like pr...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02199-0
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing concerns about global climate change and energy dependence have led to an increased effort to reduce carbon emissions. A considerable reduction could be achieved by using biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass instead of fossil fuels. One major bottleneck of biofuel production from lignocellulose is the availab...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2008.06.001
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heat-stable enterotoxin, produced by Escherichia coli, binds to particulate guanylate cyclase to increase cyclic GMP in intestinal cells. This in turn stimulates the cyclic-GMP- or cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase, activating the same chloride channel that is defective in cystic fibrosis. It is possible that the re...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842x(94)90541-x
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recent observation of a surge in human monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) prompts the question of whether cessation of smallpox vaccination is driving the phenomenon, and if so, why is re-emergence not universal throughout the historic geographic range of the virus? Research addressing the vir...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2011.12.001
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacteria must segregate their DNA and position a septum to grow and divide. In many bacteria, MinD is involved in spatial regulation of the cytokinetic Z ring, and ParAs are involved in chromosome and plasmid segregation. The use of the MinD/ParA family to provide positional information for spatial organization contin...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2012.05.002
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular pathogens customize the composition and function of the vacuoles they occupy, and can arrest or distort vacuolar maturation. In doubly infected cells, vacuoles that contain two different parasites can be used to test for exclusionary mechanisms, for expression of vacuolar phenotypes that permit or restri...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842x(96)10027-5
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of bacterial cells to use small signalling molecules to monitor population growth may help them to react rapidly to environmental change. Regulatory systems made up of a small sensor molecule, an N-acyl homoserine lactone and a protein effector have been identified recently in a wide range of Gram-negative...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842x(94)90110-q
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several attempts have been made to identify the minimal set of genes that is required for life using computational approaches or studies of deletion mutants. These experiments resemble those already performed by nature; a few hundred million years ago an ancestor of Escherichia coli was domesticated by aphids, which r...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2003.11.006
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent paper by Castilla et al. reported the detection of prions in the blood of scrapie-infected hamsters using a biochemical amplification method that is conceptually analogous to the polymerase chain reaction. This technological advance raises the possibility that prion diseases in humans and livestock could soon...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2006.02.001
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Barriers to chromosomal gene transfer between bacterial species control their genetic isolation. These barriers, such as different microhabitats, the host ranges of genetic exchange vectors and restriction-modification systems, limit gene exchange, but the major limitation is genomic sequence divergence. The mismatch-...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0966-842X(96)81514-9
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A recent study has provided important clues towards the identity of the host genes that conspire to promote post-integration latency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Various genes controlling transcription, histone deacetylation and proteasome-mediated protein degradation have emerged as potential players. If th...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.02.006
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolution, climate change, and vaccination: in these cases and more, scientists, policymakers, and educators are confronted by organized campaigns to spread doubt, denial, and rejection of the scientific community's consensus on central scientific principles. To overcome these threats, scientists not only need to spre...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2012.10.002
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Significant advances have been made in recent years in our understanding of how methicillin resistance is acquired by Staphylococcus aureus. Integration of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element into the chromosome converts drug-sensitive S. aureus into the notorious hospital pathogen methicilin-res...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0966-842x(01)02175-8
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of innate immune signaling pathways through cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) is a crucial response that is antagonized by many viruses. A variety of RNA-related pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) have been identified and their role in RLR activation has been examined. Recent studies suggest ...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2011.12.005
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The global emergence of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has reduced the number of clinically available antibiotics that retain activity against this pathogen. For this reason, the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies for infections caused by A. baumannii is necessary. Several studies ha...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2012.12.002
更新日期:2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are an estimated 10(31) viruses on Earth, most of which are phages that infect bacteria. Metagenomic analyses have shown that environmental viral communities are incredibly diverse. There are an estimated 5000 viral genotypes in 200 liters of seawater and possibly a million different viral genotypes in one kilog...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2005.04.003
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The blood-brain barrier (BBB) provides significant protection against microbial invasion of the brain. However, the BBB is not impenetrable, and mechanisms by which viruses breach it are becoming clearer. In vivo and in vitro model systems are enabling identification of host and viral factors contributing to breakdown...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2012.03.009
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spectacular ability of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to immortalize and morphologically transform human B cells in vitro to lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) is central to most molecular models of viral oncogenesis. However, binding of transcription factor and oncoprotein c-Myc to the major locus control region (LCR) of...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tim.2004.09.006
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Strains of Helicobacter pylori from patients with peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer contain a 40-kb fragment of DNA that is not present in isolates from carriers with asymptomatic infections. The discovery of the cag pathogenicity island suggests that virulence has evolved by quantum leaps through the inheritanc...
journal_title:Trends in microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0966-842X(97)01035-4
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00