Misperceived Risks of Zika-related Microcephaly in India.

abstract：:Increasing evidence indicates that Staphylococcus aureus might be a facultative intracellular pathogen. In particular, certain subpopulations, called small colony variants (SCVs), seem to be well adapted to the intracellular milieu. When compared to 'normal' staphylococcal strains, SCVs show increased uptake by host c...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Sendi P,Proctor RA

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The forms of African trypanosomes that live in tsetse fly vectors are coated with lipid-anchored proteins and glycoproteins known collectively as procyclins. Procyclins are expressed during development in the fly in a multiplicity of isoforms yet their functions remain unknown. Recent studies involving a multidiscipli...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Pearson TW

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can become endosymbionts, reducing atmospheric nitrogen within nodules formed on the roots of legume plants. During tissue and cell invasion, bacterial cell-surface components adapt the bacterium to survive as an endophyte without eliciting host-defence responses. The structures of many...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kannenberg EL,Brewin NJ

更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Swarming is the fastest known bacterial mode of surface translocation and enables the rapid colonization of a nutrient-rich environment and host tissues. This complex multicellular behavior requires the integration of chemical and physical signals, which leads to the physiological and morphological differentiation of ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Verstraeten N,Braeken K,Debkumari B,Fauvart M,Fransaer J,Vermant J,Michiels J

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Corynebacterium glutamicum, a Gram-positive soil bacterium, is used for the production of l-glutamate and l-lysine, both of which are derived from intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Recent studies have revealed that this amphibolic pathway is subject to complex regulation not only at the transcriptio...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Bott M

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multidrug resistance in tumor cells is often caused by the increased efflux of a wide variety of drugs, mediated by P glycoprotein, a member of the superfamily of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The genes encoding members of this superfamily have also been isolated from drug-resistant microorganisms, and the ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ouellette M,Légaré D,Papadopoulou B

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To obtain iron from the host for growth, staphylococci have evolved sophisticated iron-scavenging systems including siderophores and a cell surface receptor for transferrin, the mammalian iron-transporting glycoprotein. The staphylococcal transferrin receptor has been identified as a member of a newly emerging family ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Modun B,Morrissey J,Williams P

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluorescent amino acid analogs have proven to be useful tools for studying the dynamics of peptidoglycan metabolism. García-Heredia and colleagues showed that their route of incorporation differs depending on the adjunct fluorophore and applied this property to investigate mycobacterial peptidoglycan synthesis and rem...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Botella H,Vaubourgeix J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although it is commonly assumed that Darwin had nothing to say about microbes, he did in fact say quite a lot. He included microbes in his Beagle studies of the geographical distribution of organisms and used microscopic organisms as explicit exemplars of how adaptation did not imply increasing complexity. Darwin ofte...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： O'Malley MA

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to tetracycline is generally due either to energy-dependent efflux of tetracycline or to protection of the bacterial ribosomes from the action of tetracycline. The genes that encode this resistance are normally acquired via transferable plasmids and/or transposons. Tet determinants have been found in a wide...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Roberts MC

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptation of rhizobia to a symbiotic life style and synthesis of the nitrogen-fixing apparatus are coordinated with nodule development by the microaerobic conditions prevailing in the central nodule tissue. Sensing and transduction of the "low oxygen' signal involves similar regulatory elements in different rhizobia,...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Fischer HM

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retroviruses, like other RNA viruses, mutate at very high rates (0.05-1 mutations per genome per replication cycle) and exist as complex genetically heterogeneous populations ('quasispecies') that are ever changing. De novo mutations are generated by inherently error-prone steps in the retroviral life cycle that intro...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Preston BD,Dougherty JP

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal pathogens pose serious threats to human, plant, and ecosystem health. Improved diagnostics and antifungal strategies are therefore urgently required. Here, we review recent developments in online bioinformatic tools and associated interactive data archives, which enable sophisticated comparative genomics and fu...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Cairns TC,Studholme DJ,Talbot NJ,Haynes K

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic analysis of the large and complex herpesviruses has been a constant challenge to herpesvirologists. Elegant methods have been developed to produce mutants in infected cells that rely on the cellular recombination machinery. Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), single copy F-factor-based plasmid vectors...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Wagner M,Ruzsics Z,Koszinowski UH

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dramatic clinical manifestations of toxigenic infections such as cholera and diphtheria occur without substantial bacterial invasion. Disease is mediated by the secretion of potent toxins that use ADP-ribosylation as the catalytic mechanism underlying their action. ADP-ribosylating toxins comprise a large family, ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Lesnick ML,Guiney DG

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intestinal epithelial cells secrete a spectrum of chemoattractant and proinflammatory cytokines after invasion by bacteria. We suggest the novel concept that epithelial cells not only act as a mechanical barrier to invasive bacteria, but that they also signal the presence of invasive pathogens to the mucosal immune an...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Eckmann L,Kagnoff MF,Fierer J

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclopentenone prostanoids inhibit virus replication by turning on an intracellular defence response that involves the induction of cytoprotective heat-shock proteins, the modification of viral glycoprotein maturation and the control of NF-kappa B activation. These molecules represent an interesting model for the deve...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Santoro MG

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Barriers to chromosomal gene transfer between bacterial species control their genetic isolation. These barriers, such as different microhabitats, the host ranges of genetic exchange vectors and restriction-modification systems, limit gene exchange, but the major limitation is genomic sequence divergence. The mismatch-...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Matic I,Taddei F,Radman M

更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-positive bacterial lipoproteins are a functionally diverse and important class of peripheral membrane proteins. Recent advances in molecular biology and the availability of whole genome sequence data have overturned many long-held assumptions about the export and processing of these proteins, most notably the rec...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hutchings MI,Palmer T,Harrington DJ,Sutcliffe IC

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Detection of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for the host to mount an appropriate immune response, which for viruses involves the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). By contrast, inappropriate activation of PRRs by self nucleic acids can lead to autoimmunity. Rec...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Gürtler C,Bowie AG

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Growing concerns about global climate change and energy dependence have led to an increased effort to reduce carbon emissions. A considerable reduction could be achieved by using biofuels from lignocellulosic biomass instead of fossil fuels. One major bottleneck of biofuel production from lignocellulose is the availab...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hess M

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virulence of many bacterial pathogens is based, at least in part, on the action of phospholipases. The consequences may be immediate and direct, as in the action of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on red cells or platelets, or subtle, as with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases of Listeria monocytogenes a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Songer JG

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is usually assumed that most prokaryotes, when given appropriate nutrients, can grow and divide in the absence of other cells of the same species. However, recent studies have suggested that, for growth, prokaryotes need to communicate with each other using signalling molecules, and a variety of 'eukaryotic' hormon...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kaprelyants AS,Kell DB

更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For many years, there has been controversy over the role of antibodies in immunity to Candida, but recently specific antibodies to mannoproteins and hsp90 have been shown to be protective against murine candidiasis. Combined with technical advances in antibody engineering, this raises the possibility of harnessing suc...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Matthews R,Burnie J

更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of innate immune signaling pathways through cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) is a crucial response that is antagonized by many viruses. A variety of RNA-related pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) have been identified and their role in RLR activation has been examined. Recent studies suggest ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Leung DW,Basler CF,Amarasinghe GK

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most membrane-anchored histidine kinases (HKs) of bacterial two-component systems (2CSs) contain an extracellular input domain that is thought to be responsible for sensing an environmental cue. By contrast, intramembrane-sensing HKs (IM-HKs) lack a sensory domain and cannot perceive their stimuli directly. Instead, a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Mascher T

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an exogenous retrovirus that persists lifelong in the infected host. Infection has been linked to a spectrum of diverse diseases: adult T cell leukemia, encephalomyelopathy, and predisposition to opportunistic bacterial and helminth infections. Applications of new technolo...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Tattermusch S,Bangham CR

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses of the Mononegavirales have helical nucleocapsids containing a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome complexed with the nucleoprotein and several other virus-encoded proteins. This RNA-protein complex acts as the template for replication and transcription during infection. Recent structural data has advanc...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Booth TF,Rabb MJ,Beniac DR

更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The airways of patients afflicted with cystic fibrosis (CF) are colonized by many pathogens, the most predominant of which is the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In the thick CF airway mucus, P. aeruginosa forms antibiotic- and phagocyte-resistant structures known as biofilms, which enable the survival...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hassett DJ,Sutton MD,Schurr MJ,Herr AB,Caldwell CC,Matu JO

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role during the replication cycle of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). HIV-1 infection is affected by cellular proteins that influence the clustering of viral receptors or the subcortical actin cytoskeleton. Several of these actin-adaptor proteins are controlled by the second m...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rocha-Perugini V,Gordon-Alonso M,Sánchez-Madrid F

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00