Abstract：
:The present review explores the descriptive epidemiology of schizophrenia. Risk factors and correlates are divided into three groups based on whether the available evidence is consistent and strong, consistent and potentially strong, or inconsistent. The paper then considers epidemiologic studies of the course of illness, including a description of findings from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project. Given renewed attention to the need for preventive interventions for individuals at high risk for developing a psychotic illness, epidemiologic values have become more and more central to the conduct of clinical research.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Bromet EJ,Fennig Sdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00153-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-10-01 00:00:00pages
871-81issue
7eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(99)00153-5journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Language delay is a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The identification of word boundaries in continuous speech is a critical first step in language acquisition that can be accomplished via statistical learning and reliance on speech cues. Importantly, early word segmentation skills have ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.011
更新日期：2010-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Accumulating evidence supports the view that deregulation of the immune system represents an important vulnerability factor for psychosis. In a subgroup of psychotic patients, the high comorbidity with autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions suggests a common underlying immune abnormality leading to both condit...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.037
更新日期：2014-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We evaluated the comparative efficacy and safety of venlafaxine extended release (ER) and fluoxetine in the acute and continuation phases of treatment. METHODS:In this multicenter, double-blind study, outpatients with recurrent unipolar major depression were randomly assigned to receive venlafaxine ER (75-3...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.040
更新日期：2007-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of psychosis. One study has suggested that genetic variation in the AKT1 gene might influence this effect. METHODS:In a case-control study of 489 first-episode psychosis patients and 278 control subjects, we investigated the interaction between variation at ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.020
更新日期：2012-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Symptom provocation is used to study a wide variety of medical disorders. In contrast to other areas of medicine, the application of these procedures to the study of mental disease has generated significant scientific, political, and public debate. Purported differences include an overabundance of these proc...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01221-5
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hyperactivity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been shown to increase with symptom provocation and to normalize with treatment-induced symptom reduction. Although the functional significance of anterior cingulate involvement in OCD remains unknow...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.10.038
更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Since low serum iron has been reported in a variety of neuropsychiatric motor disorders, this study was conducted to examine serum iron in patients with a catatonic disorder. METHODS:Forty catatonic and 40 noncatatonic psychotic patients were studied in relation to serum iron levels. The association of seru...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00137-1
更新日期：1999-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Warning signals evoke an alert state of readiness that prepares for a rapid response by priming a thalamo-frontal-striatal network that includes the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Animal models indicate that noradrenergic input is essential for this stimulus-driven activation of DLPFC, but the preci...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.04.013
更新日期：2009-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Glutamatergic dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, so far there is limited direct evidence of altered in vivo glutamate concentrations in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. To test the hypothesis that altered glutamatergic neurotransmission might play a ro...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.04.041
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The evidence that catecholestrogens are formed in the brain and exert behavioral effects in animal models suggest that these steroids might have psychotropic activities. In the present investigation, the formation and metabolism of catecholestrogens were studied in depressed patients. Twenty-four-hr urine samples were...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90455-b
更新日期：1990-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several studies have reported prolonged neural transmission times on auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) measured in autistic children, a finding which implicates CNS dysfunction at the level of the brainstem in autistic conditions. This study measured ABRs in 25 children and adults with pervasive developmental disord...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cortisol response to ipsapirone (a 5-HT1A-partial agonist that produces a dose-dependent increase in plasma cortisol secretion in man) is blunted in major depression. Buspirone is another 5-HT1A agonist that increases cortisol secretion in man. This study investigated cortisol and prolactin (PRL) responses to busp...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)90035-3
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows investigation of in vivo neurochemical pathology of schizophrenia. "First generation" studies, focusing on phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have suggested alterations in membrane phospholipid metabolism and reductions in N-acetyl aspartate in the frontal and...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00940-9
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We investigated the impact of depression and inflammatory markers, assessed 2 months after acute coronary syndrome (ACS), on major adverse cardiac events over 2 years (MACEs; cardiac death, survived myocardial infarction, survived cardiac arrest, and nonelective revascularization). METHODS:Depression sympto...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.09.029
更新日期：2007-08-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Recent genome-wide association studies have identified genetic loci that jointly make a considerable contribution to risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Because neuropathological features of AD can be present several decades before disease onset, we investigated whether effects of polygenic risk are...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.02.033
更新日期：2017-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Stimulation of alpha(2)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(2)-ARs) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has a beneficial effect on working memory and attentional regulation in monkeys. alpha(2)-adrenergic agonists like clonidine and guanfacine have been used experimentally and clinically for the treatment of attention de...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.004
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Depression is a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome that is often very severe and life threatening. In spite of the remarkable progress in understanding the neural biology, the etiopathophysiology of depression is still elusive. In this study, we have investigated molecular mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.024
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alterations of mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mediated negative feedback inhibition of cortisol might contribute to abnormalities of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) activity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS:In a placebo-controlled study, we examined 11 subjects with PTSD and 11 healthy...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.01.014
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A decreased secretion of arginine vasopressin (AVP) has been implicated in depression. In order to further investigate this hypothesis, we studied the plasma level of the specific peptidergic carrier of AVP, vasopressin neurophysin (hNpI), in 26 depressed inpatients and 16 matched normal controls. On the other hand, A...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90423-y
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aim of the present study was to examine the functional neuroanatomy of episodic memory impairment in euthymic subjects with bipolar I disorder. There is evidence that individuals with bipolar disorder have cognitive impairments not only during mood episodes but also when they are euthymic. The most consi...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.06.030
更新日期：2006-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Tourette syndrome (TS) is thought to involve dopaminergic disturbances, but the nature of those disturbances remains controversial. Existing hypotheses suggest that TS involves 1) supersensitive dopamine receptors, 2) overactive dopamine transporters that cause low tonic but high phasic dopamine, 3) presynaptic dysfun...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.02.1172
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Disruptions of emotional information processing (i.e., attention to, memory for, and interpretation of emotional information) have been implicated in the onset and maintenance of depression. The research presented here investigated cognitive and psychophysiological features of a particularly promising correl...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01024-6
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating neuropsychiatric disorder with a genetic risk component, yet identification of high-confidence risk genes has been challenging. In recent years, risk gene discovery in other complex psychiatric disorders has been achieved by studying rare de novo (DN) cod...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.09.029
更新日期：2020-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentration of kynurenine, a neuroactive tryptophan metabolite, in blood plasma after pharmacologically induced anxiety was studied. Anxiety was provoked in 15 healthy volunteers by an anxiogenic dose of caffeine. Kynurenine concentration was markedly increased at the peak of anxiety and returned to normal after...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(91)90225-b
更新日期：1991-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reports the phenomenon of dependence to a somatostatin octapeptide analog used for the treatment of acromegaly and severe headache. The mechanism of this dependence is still unknown, but could be based on the interaction of the somatostatin analog with opioid receptors. Analgesia may be at least partially s...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(89)90011-5
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prior magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies report both medial and lateral cortical temporal changes and disturbed temporal lobe asymmetries in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy controls. The specificity of temporal lobe (TL) changes in schizophrenia is unknown. We determined the occurrence and specifici...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00373-3
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mood disorders are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children and adolescence. As a result, many adolescents are treated with psychopharmacologic agents such as antidepressants and mood stabilizers. To date, research into the safety and efficacy of these medications has lagged behind clinical practice. ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01149-0
更新日期：2001-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The amplitude of the auditory P3 event-related potential is reduced in patients with axes I and II disorders. Data regarding P3 amplitude and normal personality traits in healthy individuals have been inconsistent, however, although more extreme variants of dimensional traits such as neuroticism and extraver...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)01067-2
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive procedure that may be used to study individual differences in motor cortex excitability. Such differences are assumed to reflect serotonergic and other inputs to the motor cortex. METHODS:Here we investigate the impact of a functional polymorphism in ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,收录出版
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.02.005
更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Specific psychiatric disorders are characterized by impaired selective inhibition or "gating" of responses to sensory or cognitive information. Less is known about gating differences among normal individuals. We tested carefully screened controls in measures of central inhibition: prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle,...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(94)00138-S
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
