Abstract：
:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows investigation of in vivo neurochemical pathology of schizophrenia. "First generation" studies, focusing on phosphorus and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, have suggested alterations in membrane phospholipid metabolism and reductions in N-acetyl aspartate in the frontal and temporal lobes. Some discrepancies remain in the literature, perhaps related to the variations in medication status and phase of illness in the patients examined, as well as in magnetic resonance spectroscopy methodology; the pathophysiologic significance of the findings also remains unclear. Technologic advances in magnetic resonance spectroscopy in recent years have expanded the potential to measure several other metabolites of interest such as the neurotransmitters glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and macromolecules such as membrane phospholipids and synaptic proteins. Issues of sensitivity, specificity, measurement reliability, and functional significance of the magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings need to be further clarified. The noninvasive nature of magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows longitudinal studies of schizophrenia both in its different phases and among individuals at genetic risk for this illness. Future studies also need to address confounds of prior treatment and illness chronicity, take advantage of current pathophysiologic models of schizophrenia, and be hypothesis driven.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Keshavan MS,Stanley JA,Pettegrew JWdoi
10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00940-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-09-01 00:00:00pages
369-80issue
5eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(00)00940-9journal_volume
48pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Considering the magnitude of the reported changes in brain volume over time in first-episode patients it is unlikely that these changes are constant over the life-span of the schizophrenic illness. Thus, one would expect the progression in brain volume change in schizophrenia to follow a more complex traject...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.01.004
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The prevalence and role of sleep disorders in the sexual problems of diabetic patients remain unexplored. This study was conducted on 40 diabetic men carefully screened to exclude the confounding effects of other medical illnesses or drugs likely to impair sexual function and 40 age-matched healthy volunteers. They un...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(93)90388-t
更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:To determine the effects of depressive symptom severity on the circulating soluble adhesion molecule response to an acute exercise challenge in patients with heart failure (HF) compared with control subjects. METHODS:Thirty-eight male HF patients and 19 male control subjects (mean age +/- SEM: 55.5 +/- 1.9)...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.013
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous work has implicated noradrenergic beta-receptors in the consolidation and reconsolidation of conditioned fear. Less is known, however, about their role in fear expression and extinction. The beta-receptor blocker propranolol has been used clinically to reduce anxiety. With an auditory fear condition...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.01.009
更新日期：2009-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A high incidence of behavioral and learning difficulties has been found in juvenile seizure-prone baboons presented with a graded series of operant behavioral task challenges. The animals fell into two distinct groups based upon the rate at which their operant performance was able to develop, the amount of day-to-day ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been nearly 30 years since Dr. David Barker first highlighted the importance of prenatal factors in contributing to the developmental origins of adult disease. This concept was later broadened to include postnatal events. It is clear that the interaction between genetic predisposition and early life environment...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.014
更新日期：2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:A sample of 100 consecutively admitted cases were recruited to test the hypothesis that an abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (AbDST) is associated with decreasing clinical severity during the course of hospitalization in various diagnostic categories. Serial DSTs and psychopathological ratings were done at the e...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90528-a
更新日期：1990-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The evidence that catecholestrogens are formed in the brain and exert behavioral effects in animal models suggest that these steroids might have psychotropic activities. In the present investigation, the formation and metabolism of catecholestrogens were studied in depressed patients. Twenty-four-hr urine samples were...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(90)90455-b
更新日期：1990-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The neurofibromatosis type 1 (Nf1) gene encodes a GTPase activating protein that negatively regulates small GTPases of the Ras family. METHODS:We assessed alcohol-related behaviors including alcohol sensitivity, dependent and nondependent drinking, and basal and alcohol-induced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.07.031
更新日期：2015-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Some studies suggest that cortisol may be under genetic control. The aims of our study were to investigate the familial resemblance in morning and evening cortisol secretion as assessed by saliva cortisol and to assess the influence of history of major depression. METHODS:Women for this investigation were s...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00842-8
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a continuing interest in the possible role of the trace amine tryptamine in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. We have therefore examined cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), the major metabolite of tryptamine, in a large group of normals and in several patient popula...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study assessed whether reduced regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF; hypoperfusion) in cocaine-dependent (CD) patients is associated with platelet abnormalities and whether these platelet abnormalities predict improvement in hypoperfusion after 1 month of abstinence. METHODS:We correlated platelet number...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00706-6
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Federal regulations governing human subjects research call for additional protections for the "mentally disabled." However, there is currently no consensus definition of mental disability or guidelines for how these research subjects should be protected. This ambiguity complicates the work of institutional review boar...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00168-7
更新日期：1999-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:As observed in depressed adults, there is considerable variability in the degree and direction of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) dysfunction in depressed adolescents. The variability in HPA findings may be attributed to experiential factors. METHODS:A modified version of a standard psychosocial stress...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.012
更新日期：2008-09-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The cognitive deficits of schizophrenia are largely resistant to current treatments and thus are a lifelong illness burden. The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) provides a reliable and valid assessment of cognition across ma...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.017
更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Marked interindividual differences in vulnerability to nicotine dependence exist, but factors underlying such differences are not well understood. The midbrain alpha4beta2* subtype of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) has been implicated in mediation of the reinforcing effects of nicotine responsibl...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.036
更新日期：2009-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Several lines of evidence suggest that dopamine might be involved in anxiety states. In this study, we assessed the growth hormone (GH) response to apomorphine (a dopaminergic agonist) 0.5 mg SC in nine drug-free inpatients meeting Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) for panic disorder who were age-matched and gender-m...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90061-4
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Head growth rates are often accelerated in autism. This study is aimed at defining the clinical, morphological, and biochemical correlates of head circumference in autistic patients. METHODS:Fronto-occipital head circumference was measured in 241 nonsyndromic autistic patients, 3 to 16 years old, diagnosed ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.04.039
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present review explores the descriptive epidemiology of schizophrenia. Risk factors and correlates are divided into three groups based on whether the available evidence is consistent and strong, consistent and potentially strong, or inconsistent. The paper then considers epidemiologic studies of the course of illn...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00153-5
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural lithium (Li) salts, including those used routinely in manic depressive illness, consist of two stable nonradioactive isotopes: lithium-7 (Li-7) (92.6%) and lithium-6 (Li-6) (7.4%). Female rats (3 months old) were treated with either Li-7 chloride or Li-6 chloride or were untreated prior to and during gestation...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(86)90308-2
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Volumetric imaging research has shown abnormal brain morphology in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when compared with matched control subjects. In this article, we present brain imaging findings from a study of children with PTSD symptoms. METHODS:Twenty-four children between the ages of 7 ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01218-5
更新日期：2001-12-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The study of Turner syndrome (TS) offers a unique window of opportunity for advancing scientific knowledge of how X chromosome gene imprinting, epigenetic factors, hormonal milieu, and chronologic age affect brain development in females. METHODS:We described brain growth trajectories in 55 girls with TS and...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.07.032
更新日期：2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the relationship between the concentration of homovanillic acid in human plasma (pHVA) and plasma anti-D1 and anti-D2 dopamine receptor activity in chronic schizophrenic patients whose neuroleptic dosage was changed. The change in pHVA level correlated with that in anti-D1, not anti-D2 activity, t...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(92)90229-s
更新日期：1992-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the dexamethasone suppression of cortisol release in a group of 28 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) after stimulation by physostigmine and clonidine, as compared with basal conditions. All patients but one had previously been evaluated with a depression symptom checklist ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0006-3223(88)90102-3
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We have previously shown that juvenile bipolar disorder (BPD) is a risk for substance use disorders (SUD). Here we examine the expression of both disorders in families of youth with BPD to evaluate the familial risk mechanism. METHODS:We studied 108 adolescent BPD probands with 187 parents (34 with SUD and ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.11.022
更新日期：2007-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in the brain has been implicated in stress-related human pathologies. We developed a transgenic mouse line overexpressing CRH (CRH-OE) exclusively in neural tissues to assess the effect of long-term CRH overproduction on regulation of the hypothalamic-p...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01334-3
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Shared neuropathological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and their siblings might represent intermediate phenotypes that could be used to investigate genetic susceptibility to the illness. We sought to discover previously unidentified gray matter volume differences in patients with schizophren...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.027
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by deficits in reward sensitivity and response inhibition. The relative contribution of these frontostriatal mechanisms to ADHD symptoms and their genetic determinants is largely unexplored. METHODS:Using functional magnetic resonance imaging ...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.03.027
更新日期：2013-10-15 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been an explosion of research on fear extinction in humans in the past 2 decades. This has not only generated major insights, but also brought a new goal into focus: how to maintain extinction memory over time (i.e., extinction retention). We argue that there are still important conceptual and procedural cha...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.02.011
更新日期：2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Reduced platelet MAO activity has been previously reported as a biochemical marker for a subgroup of psychiatric patients, including some chronic schizophrenics. As tryptamine metabolism appears to be sensitive to alterations in MAO activity, urinary tryptamine excretion was measured in chronic schizophrenics with low...
journal_title：Biological psychiatry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00
