Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Language delay is a hallmark feature of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The identification of word boundaries in continuous speech is a critical first step in language acquisition that can be accomplished via statistical learning and reliance on speech cues. Importantly, early word segmentation skills have been shown to predict later language development in typically developing (TD) children. METHODS:Here we investigated the neural correlates of online word segmentation in children with and without ASD with a well-established behavioral paradigm previously validated for functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen high-functioning boys with ASD and 18 age- and IQ-matched TD boys underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while listening to two artificial languages (containing statistical or statistical + prosodic cues to word boundaries) and a random speech stream. RESULTS:Consistent with prior findings, in TD control subjects, activity in fronto-temporal-parietal networks decreased as the number of cues to word boundaries increased. The ASD children, however, did not show this facilitatory effect. Furthermore, statistical contrasts modeling changes in activity over time identified significant learning-related signal increases for both artificial languages in basal ganglia and left temporo-parietal cortex only in TD children. Finally, the level of communicative impairment in ASD children was inversely correlated with signal increases in these same regions during exposure to the artificial languages. CONCLUSIONS:This is the first study to demonstrate significant abnormalities in the neural architecture subserving language-related learning in ASD children and to link the communicative impairments observed in this population to decreased sensitivity to the statistical and speech cues available in the language input.
journal_name
Biol Psychiatryjournal_title
Biological psychiatryauthors
Scott-Van Zeeland AA,McNealy K,Wang AT,Sigman M,Bookheimer SY,Dapretto Mdoi
10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.01.011subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-15 00:00:00pages
345-51issue
4eissn
0006-3223issn
1873-2402pii
S0006-3223(10)00053-3journal_volume
68pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:We examined the effect of prolonged methylphenidate (MPH) treatment on the functional neuroanatomy of executive functioning in adult men with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS:Positron emission tomography with [(15)O] water measured alterations of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) d...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.07.011
更新日期:2004-10-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A genetic component has a role in the etiology of Panic Disorder (PD) and a familial association between PD and CO2 hypersensitivity have been repeatedly described. METHODS:Complex segregation analysis was performed on a sample of 165 families of PD probands and on the subgroup homogeneous for CO2 hypersens...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00004-9
更新日期:1999-09-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has efficacy for binge eating disorder (BED) but not obesity. No controlled studies have tested whether adding obesity medication to CBT facilitates weight loss. We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled study of orlistat administered with guided self-help CBT (CBTgsh)....
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.03.001
更新日期:2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Postnatal treatment with the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine, evokes anxiety and depressive behavior in rodent models in adulthood. We examined the role of serotonin 2A (5-HT2A), serotonin 2C (5-HT2C) and serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptors, implicated in the development of anxiety, in the beha...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.11.005
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Early emerging characteristics of visual orienting have been associated with a wide range of typical and atypical developmental outcomes. In the current study, we examined the development of visual disengagement in infants at risk for autism. METHODS:We measured the efficiency of disengaging from a central ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.11.030
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The search for susceptibility genes in autism and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been hindered by the possible small effects of individual genes and by genetic (locus) heterogeneity. To overcome these obstacles, one method is to use autism-related subphenotypes instead of the categorical diagnosis of au...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.05.023
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Defatted breast milk from women with postpartum psychosis and from healthy lactating women was analyzed by high-resolution gel permeation chromatography as well as by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The gel permeation procedure allowed quantitative analysis of milk proteins (i...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(88)90080-7
更新日期:1988-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the association between post-dexamethasone suppression test (DST) serum cortisol and body weight, self-report of weight loss during the episode, and measured weight loss during the first week of admission in a series of 245 depressed inpatients. Data on measured weight loss between two successive admission...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(86)90267-2
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several lines of evidence suggest that the anticonvulsant drug valproate may have antipanic properties: (1) It enhances gamma-aminobutyric acid activity in the brain; (2) it has anxiolytic effects in animal models of anxiety; and (3) it has been reported to be effective in panic disorder in several preliminary studies...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90010-b
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of Vincamine and Piracetam, two geriatric drugs, on sleep behavior of the laboratory cat was studied. The animals were chronically prepared for recording of the EEG of the cerebral cortex, the lateral geniculate body, and the hippocampus, and for recording of eye movements, the muscular tonus and respiratio...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1978-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The total number of neurons was estimated in eight brains from chronic schizophrenic men and compared with 16 gender- and age-matched controls. The average total neocortical nerve cell number was 22.12.10(9) in schizophrenics and 22.06.10(9) in controls. The estimate of total cell numbers can not demonstrate more subt...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90065-l
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Language disorder associated with schizophrenia might be due to disturbances in both automatic activation and mechanisms of controlled attention. The contribution of each process to semantic memory dysfunction has not been determined for schizophrenia, and the semantic priming paradigm is well-suited for add...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00699-1
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pre-treatment and posttreatment dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results in physically healthy elderly major depressives without dementia demonstrated an association between treatment and DST normalization. Sixty percent of subjects were nonsuppressors at baseline compared to 17% after intensive treatment. DST res...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90263-d
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phencyclidine induced dose-related alterations in the pattern of spontaneous aggressive behavior in pairs of rats, in which only one animal of each pair was drug-treated. At the lowest dose tested (0.25 mg/kg, sc), phencyclidine produced attacks by the drug-treated animal and a corresponding increase in submissive beh...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0304-3959(84)90863-7
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The stomach-derived hormone ghrelin drives higher-order feeding processes related to food reward and food seeking via central nervous system signaling at its receptor (GHSR1A). The specific nuclei mediating these effects are only partially understood. Here, we use a rat model to examine whether ghrelin signa...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.07.002
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychiatric and neurologic disorders ranging from mental retardation to addiction are accompanied by structural and functional alterations of synaptic connections in the brain. Such alterations include abnormal density and morphology of dendritic spines, synapse loss, and aberrant synaptic signaling and plasticity. Re...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2003.10.006
更新日期:2004-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) subserves complex cognition and is impaired by stress. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), through CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1), constitutes a key element of the stress response. However, its contribution to the effects of stress in the mPFC remains unclear. METHODS:Mice were...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2106
更新日期:2016-11-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Shared neuropathological characteristics of patients with schizophrenia and their siblings might represent intermediate phenotypes that could be used to investigate genetic susceptibility to the illness. We sought to discover previously unidentified gray matter volume differences in patients with schizophren...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.05.027
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Two broad treatment options exist for switching antidepressants for depressed patients who fail to respond to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI): either a second course of SSRI therapy or a different class of antidepressants. The goal of the present work was to conduct a meta-analysis of studies...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2007.08.010
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty psychiatric patients on lithium medication were examined with 7-Li-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain. Patients on long-term lithium treatment (> 6 months) were compared with a short-term group who had been taking lithium for between 4 and 8 weeks. Patients met DSM-III-R criteria for either recurrent ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00330-7
更新日期:1997-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In a Swedish study, delinquent boys had high serum levels of triiodothyronine (T3). Furthermore, former delinquents, followed up after about 30 years, had T3 levels significantly related to repeated criminality. The aim of the present study was to shed further light on the relationship between the thyroid ho...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00302-8
更新日期:1998-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The cortisol response to ipsapirone (a 5-HT1A-partial agonist that produces a dose-dependent increase in plasma cortisol secretion in man) is blunted in major depression. Buspirone is another 5-HT1A agonist that increases cortisol secretion in man. This study investigated cortisol and prolactin (PRL) responses to busp...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90035-3
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Psychiatric disorders show high rates of comorbidity and nonspecificity of presenting clinical symptoms, while demonstrating substantial heterogeneity within diagnostic categories. Notably, many of these psychiatric disorders first manifest in youth. We review progress and next steps in efforts to parse heterogeneity ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.015
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Volatile interpersonal relationships are a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and lead to devastating disruption of patients' personal and professional lives. Quantitative models of social decision making and learning hold promise for defining the underlying mechanisms of this problem. In ...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.05.020
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterogeneity is a major obstacle in the search for biological substrates in schizophrenia. The positive and negative distinction, even if too simplistic, may improve our understanding of underlying processes. Frontostriatal deficits have been related to negative symptoms, while dysfunction of the dominant temporal lo...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)00205-H
更新日期:1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigates the relationship between depression and both anatomic and cerebral blood flow abnormalities in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Ten nondepressed MS patients were compared with 10 depressed MS patients matched for age, sex, and functional disability. Both groups were evaluated by means of neuro...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00291-x
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper discusses the current practice of using single word labels for emotional states that ignore the nature of the incentive, cognitive representations, physiologic profile, and especially the developmental stage of the agent. The universal cognitive advances that are derivatives of brain maturation over the fir...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01115-5
更新日期:2001-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work from our laboratory demonstrated that quantitative electroencephalographic (EEG) coherence between brain areas linked by long cortico-cortical fibers (termed "fascicle" coherence) was differentially reduced in subjects with Alzheimer's disease, whereas coherence between brain areas linked by short cortico-...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0006-3223(94)90023-x
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The specific binding of (3H)kainic acid (KA) to high- and low-affinity receptor sites was assayed in postmortem samples from the brains of patients affected with Huntington's disease (HD) and age-matched controls. Treatment of rat brain with conditions that closely mimic the temperature gradient occurring in postmorte...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elevated endogenous levels of corticosteroids cause neural dysfunction and loss, especially within the hippocampus, as well as cognitive impairment in hippocampus-mediated tasks. Because Cushing's syndrome patients suffer from hypercortisolism, they represent a unique opportunity to study the impact of eleva...
journal_title:Biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.003
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00