Isoflurane acts as an inhibitor of oxidative dehalogenation while acting as an accelerator of reductive dehalogenation of halothane in guinea pig liver microsomes.

abstract：:p-Chloro-m-cresol (PCMC) and p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX) are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis. For risk assessment of skin sensitizers, information on dose-response profiles in the induction and elicitation phases and cross-reactivity with analogous chemicals are important. In the non-radioactive local lymph-n...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yamano T,Shimizu M,Noda T

更新日期：2003-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:We recently observed a case of digoxin and insulin self-poisoning without cardiac repercussion. We raised the hypothesis that insulin may have a cardio-protective effect in case of digoxin toxicity. We have therefore evaluated the effect of glucose-insulin infusion on mortality and ECG abnormalities during a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Oubaassine R,Bilbault P,Roegel JC,Alexandre E,Sigrist S,Lavaux T,Jaeger A,Pinget M,Kessler L

更新日期：2006-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess whether microwave-induced DNA damage is basal or it is also generated through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. After having irradiated Wistar rats with 915MHz microwave radiation, we assessed different DNA alterations in peripheral leukocytes using standard and formamidopyri...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Garaj-Vrhovac V,Gajski G,Trosić I,Pavicić I

更新日期：2009-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Repeated abuse of stimulant drugs, cocaine and amphetamine, is associated with extraneuronal dopamine accumulation in specific brain areas. Dopamine may be cytotoxic through the generation of reactive oxygen species, namely hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), resulting from dopamine oxidative metabolism. In this work, we studie...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Cunha-Oliveira T,Rego AC,Morgadinho MT,Macedo T,Oliveira CR

更新日期：2006-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The prevalence of asthma is increasing worldwide. The increase has been found for both sexes, for all races and age groups. The factors responsible are unclear. The short period of increase makes it unlikely that a genetic change is responsible but rather suggests that either air pollutants or a behavioral change may ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Karol MH

更新日期：2002-12-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of mangiferin, a naturally occurring xanthone glucoside on cyclophosphamide-induced immunotoxicity and its mode of action in the immune system were investigated. To induce immunotoxicity, adult male Wistar rats were injected weekly with cyclophosphamide intraperitoneally at 100 mg/kg bodyweight. Mangiferin ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Muruganandan S,Lal J,Gupta PK

更新日期：2005-11-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Resistance to chemotherapy is a major obstacle for the effective treatment of cancers. The mechanism of chemo-resistance is still poorly understood, however, mounting evidence supports a role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in modulating key cellular pathways mediating response to chemotherapy. microRNA-21 (miR-21) has been im...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Yang SM,Huang C,Li XF,Yu MZ,He Y,Li J

更新日期：2013-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Measurement of lymphocyte proliferation to detect hypersensitivity to beryllium (Be-LPT) in vitro is done presently using a method based on tritiated thymidine incorporation. Although this method is sensitive it gives no information on cell viability or responding lymphocyte subsets. We have developed reliable and sim...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Farris GM,Newman LS,Frome EL,Shou Y,Barker E,Habbersett RC,Maier L,Smith HN,Marrone BL

更新日期：2000-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria are cellular powerhouses as well as metabolic and signaling hubs regulating diverse cellular functions, from basic physiology to phenotypic fate determination. It is widely accepted that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in mitochondria participate in the regulation of cellular signaling, and that s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Blajszczak C,Bonini MG

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The intragastric administration to male Wistar rats of T-2 toxin at 1-1.3 mg/kg body weight for 7 days caused a sharp decrease in the liver activity of lysosomal enzymes: beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, cathepsins A, B, C and D and in the activity of enzymes of the 1st phase of met...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kravchenko LV,Tutelyan VA,Vasilyev AV,Kranauskas AE,Avrenyeva LI

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have reported that maternal exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) induces socioemotional and cognitive disturbances in rat offspring. In the present study, the effects of maternal TCDD exposure on putative inhibitory interneurons were investigated in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Nguyen MN,Nishijo M,Nguyen AT,Bor A,Nakamura T,Hori E,Nakagawa H,Ono T,Nishijo H

更新日期：2013-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：PURPOSE:1-Bromopropane (1-BP) intoxication is associated with depression and cognitive and memory deficits. The present study tested the hypothesis that 1-BP suppresses neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, which is involved in higher cerebral function, in adult rats. METHODS:Four groups of 12 male Wistar rats were expos...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zhang L,Nagai T,Yamada K,Ibi D,Ichihara S,Subramanian K,Huang Z,Mohideen SS,Naito H,Ichihara G

更新日期：2013-02-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Thiols are known to influence the metabolism of glutathione. In a previous study (Toxicology 156 (2001) 93) dithiothreitol (DTT) did not show any effect on intra- or extracellular glutathione concentrations in HeLa cell cultures but increased the effects of mercury ions on glutathione concentrations, whereas monothiol...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hultberg B,Andersson A,Isaksson A

更新日期：2002-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies showed that certain cytotoxicity assays were not suitable for assessing nanoparticle (NP) toxicity. We evaluated a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay for assessing copper (Cu-40, 40nm), silver (Ag-35, 35nm; Ag-40, 40nm), and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)-25, 25nm) NPs by examining their potential to inactivate LDH a...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Han X,Gelein R,Corson N,Wade-Mercer P,Jiang J,Biswas P,Finkelstein JN,Elder A,Oberdörster G

更新日期：2011-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Enantioselectivity in toxicology, and health risk of chiral xenobiotics have become important topics at the forefront of chemistry and toxicology research. Our previous results showed that cis-bifenthrin (cis-BF) induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human amnion epithelial (FL) cells, in an enantioselective manner...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Liu H,Xu L,Zhao M,Liu W,Zhang C,Zhou S

更新日期：2009-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A has been shown to affect the reproduction of male rats and mice. However, the mechanism of action of bisphenol A on the epididymal sperm is not elucidated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of bisphenol A on the antioxidant system of rat epididymal sperm. Bisphenol A was administered ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Chitra KC,Latchoumycandane C,Mathur PP

更新日期：2003-03-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Asthma, which is primarily an allergic type of respiratory disease, has increased in the U.S. and Europe by 30% over the last decade. Air pollution may play a role in this rise, since during episodes of smog, hospital admissions due to asthma increase. Ambient air quality has generally improved since the Clean Air Act...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Gilmour MI

更新日期：1995-12-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure of rats to 0.1 and 0.5 mg Cd/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) thrice weekly for 5 weeks resulted in an accumulation of cadmium in the liver in concentrations of 40 and 95 micrograms/g tissue, respectively, and a microsomal burden of Cd amounting to approx. 2-3% of the retained cadmium. The cytoplasm contained about 8...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Klimczak J,Wiśniewska-Knypl JM,Kolakowski J

更新日期：1984-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the need for non-animal alternatives has been well recognised for the human health hazard assessment of chemicals in general, it has become especially pressing for cosmetic ingredients due to the full implementation of testing and marketing bans on animal testing under the European Cosmetics Regulation. This ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rogiers V,Benfenati E,Bernauer U,Bodin L,Carmichael P,Chaudhry Q,Coenraads PJ,Cronin MTD,Dent M,Dusinska M,Ellison C,Ezendam J,Gaffet E,Galli CL,Goebel C,Granum B,Hollnagel HM,Kern PS,Kosemund-Meynen K,Ouédraogo G,

更新日期：2020-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Male Wistar rats injected i.p. with 30 mg Fe2+/kg body weight show hepatic damage as measured by an increase in lipid peroxides which correlated with elevated serum enzymes, alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Oral administration of spice principles, curc...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Reddy AC,Lokesh BR

更新日期：1996-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria play a central role in the life and death of cells. These organelles serve as the major energy-producing power-house, whereby the generation of ATP is associated with the utilization of molecular oxygen. A significant fraction (2-3%) of molecular oxygen consumed by mitochondria may be reduced in a one-ele...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Heck DE,Kagan VE,Shvedova AA,Laskin JD

更新日期：2005-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of di-(2-ethylhexyl)adipate (DEHA) have been compared in female F344 rats and female B6C3F1 mice fed diets containing 0-4.0% DEHA and 0-2.5% DEHA, respectively, for periods of 1, 4 and 13 weeks. In both the rat and mouse treatment with DEHA at all time points produced a dose-dependent increase in relative ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Lake BG,Price RJ,Cunninghame ME,Walters DG

更新日期：1997-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:In living organisms both chemical agents and physical factors [16] may produce neurophysiological change that affects EEG activity. EEG signals are very suitable for non-invasive measurement of CNS reactions, but quite complicated equipment is necessary for measurement and analysis. We have implemented a system that p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kubát J,Formánek J,Fuchs A,Rehák P,Zajícek P,Dvorák J,Vanícková M

更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:We investigated the potential dose related apoptotic effect of subchronic administration of the alkylating chemotherapeutic agent ifosfamide in different sites of the small and large rabbit intestine. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty New Zealand White rabbits received intravenously every week, for 10 weeks, 0 (g...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ypsilantis P,Tentes L,Assimakopoulos SF,Kortsaris A,Scopa CD,Pitiakoudis M,Simopoulos C

更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Malthion, DDT, kelthane and their mixture (3 : 10 : 5) were applied to pear fruits at the rate recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture. The rate of disappearance of their residues on pear fruits was investigated under refrigerated conditions (2 +/- 1 degree and 47% relative humidity (RH)). The same insecticides wer...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rawash IA,El-Gayar FM,Gaaboub IA,El-Shazli AY

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Envenoming by the pitviper Bothrops jararacussu produces cardiovascular alterations, including coagulopathy, systemic hemorrhage, hypotension, circulatory shock and renal failure. In this work, we examined the activity of this venom in rat isolated right atria. Incubation with venom (0.025, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2mg/ml) cau...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Rodrigues MA,Dias L,Rennó AL,Sousa NC,Smaal A,da Silva DA,Hyslop S

更新日期：2014-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Trichloroethylene (TCE) produced bronchiolar damage when administered to mice. Administration of 2000 mg/kg caused injury in Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium, which was observed at 24 h following TCE treatment; increase of the dosage to 2500 mg/kg induced additionally, alterations in alveolar Type II cells of...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Forkert PG,Sylvestre PL,Poland JS

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The combined effects of ethyl alcohol (ETOH) intoxication and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning were studied in the Levine-prepared rat. Infusion or injection of ETOH before and during 90 min of CO exposure to blood levels 2-4 times those considered legally drunk in humans, increased survival at 2400 ppm, and extended th...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sharma P,Penney DG

更新日期：1990-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Aluminum (Al) is recognized worldwide as serious inorganic contaminants. Exposure to Al is associated with low BMD and an increased risk of osteoporosis. However, the precise molecular mechanisms remains unclear. Thus, in this study, rats were orally exposed to 0 (control group, CG) and 0.4g/L AlCl3 (AlCl3 treated gro...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sun X,Liu J,Zhuang C,Yang X,Han Y,Shao B,Song M,Li Y,Zhu Y

更新日期：2016-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperbilirubinemia is one of the most common clinical phenomena observed in human newborns. To achieve effective therapeutic treatment, numerous studies have been done to determine the molecular mechanisms of bilirubin-induced neuronal excitotoxicity. However, there is no conclusive evidence for the involvement of glu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Li CY,Shi HB,Song NY,Yin SK

更新日期：2011-06-18 00:00:00