Abstract：
:This paper compares two methods for global optimization of physiologically based toxicokinetic models: Monte Carlo optimization, which searches randomly for the optimum; and the simplex method, which updates systematically an array of parameter values. Two measures of goodness-of-fit are also contrasted: criterion function and likelihood. A 14-parameter model of benzene distribution in rats is used to illustrate these techniques. Simplex optimization yields better fits overall. However, the measurement of uncertainty offered by Monte Carlo simulations is a major argument in favor of their use.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Woodruff TJ,Bois FYdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(93)90103-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1993-08-01 00:00:00pages
181-96issue
2eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(93)90103-5journal_volume
69pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Chloropicrin is an aliphatic volatile nitrate compound that is mainly used as a pesticide. It has several toxic effects in animals and can cause irritating and other health problems in exposed humans. Since the mode of chloropicrin action is poorly understood, the aim of this study was to investigate molecular respons...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.002
更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:As information regarding microarray data sets and toxicogenomic biomarkers grows rapidly, the process of analyzing data and interpreting the results is increasingly complicated. To facilitate data analysis, a simple expression ratio-based scoring method called the TGP1 score was previously proposed [Kiyosawa, N., Shiw...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.011
更新日期：2009-07-24 00:00:00
abstract：:This paper reviews the results from past regulatory and mechanistic inhalation studies in rats with the type II pyrethroid Cyfluthrin. Apart from many chemical irritants, Cyfluthrin was shown to be a neuroexcitatory agent without any inherent tissue-destructive or irritant property. Thus, any Cyfluthrin-induced neuroe...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.003
更新日期：2018-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:An unusual case of fatal poisoning by delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC)--a physiologically active constituent of cannabis--is reported. Methods of isolation and detection of delta-9-THC was estimated quantitatively by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and photoelectric densitometry. ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(80)90073-9
更新日期：1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have examined the effect of subchronic methidathion (MD) administration on vascular wall damage. The experimental groups were: control group and rats treated with 5 mg/kg MD. The MD group was given MD by gavage for 5 days a week for 4 weeks at a dose level of 5 mg/kg per day by using corn oil as the vehicle. The le...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.08.012
更新日期：2005-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular basis of the interindividual differences of normal individuals to ionizing radiation is poorly understood. Several studies in telomerase KO mice with short telomeres have uncovered an inverse relationship between telomere length and radiation sensitivity. The present work aims to determine if chromosome ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.012
更新日期：2007-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The activities of vanadium oxide (V2O3), vanadyl sulfate (VOSO4) and ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3) in inducing sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations (CAb) were assayed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. The toxic concentrations (TC50) for these compounds were found to be 25, 23 and 16 micrograms el...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(90)90026-i
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Colistin is a polypeptide antibiotic that effectively treats infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, but its clinical use is limited due to nephrotoxicity. The purpose of the present study was to identify biomarkers of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity and to further characterize the mechanisms ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.018
更新日期：2016-04-25 00:00:00
abstract：:A simple and sensitive method for the separation of 14C-labelled acetanilide, 4-hydroxyacetanilide, 3-hydroxyacetanilide and 2-hydroxyacetanilide was developed using thin-layer chromatography. This separation is the basis for the assay of acetanilide 4-hydroxylase and acetanilide 2-hydroxylase activity in liver micros...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90137-u
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mercury is the major component of dental amalgam restorative material, which typically has 50% pure elemental mercury. It is also used in some skin creams, and in the manufacturing of plastic, drugs and fungicides. The present study was designed to investigate the toxicity of methyl mercury (MeHg+) on isolated rat hep...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(93)90149-r
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fine particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), one of the main components of air pollutants, seriously threatens human health. Possible neuronal dysfunction induced by PM2.5 has received extensive attention. However, there is little evidence for the specific biochemical mechanism of neuronal injury induced by PM2.5. Moreover, t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.014
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cadmium specifically modify amine metabolism at the central nervous system and pituitary hormone secretions. Thus, the physiological functions controlled by these hormones can be modulated by cadmium. This xenobiotic is associated with deleterious effects on the gonadal function and with changes in the secretory patte...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00159-9
更新日期：1999-11-22 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative high-content screening (HCS) was suggested for the real-time monitoring of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated hepatotoxicity. This HCS is very advantageous in that it allows simultaneous observation of drug-induced activations of hepatotoxic pathways using hypermulticolor cellular imaging. ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.027
更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Welding fumes contain various toxic metals including chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn). An assessment of the risk to health of local and systemic exposure to welding fumes requires the assessment of both external and internal doses. The aims of this study were to test the relevance in small and medium size...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.008
更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:alpha-Zearalanol (alpha-ZAL), a phytochemical with both antioxidant and estrogen-like properties, has been shown to retard progression of atherosclerosis and regulate cardiovascular function in part through suppression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. However, the precise nature behind alpha-ZAL-elicited inhibition o...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.05.005
更新日期：2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Induction of endotoxin tolerance in rats led to reductions in bile flow and BSP excretion. BSP serum retention or storage of BSP in the liver was not affected. Although serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was slightly elevated in endotoxin-tolerant rats, the levels of serum aspartate amino-transferase (AST) ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90151-5
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to chemicals released during urban waste disposal and treatment is increasingly regarded as a potential occupational health issue. Indeed, several toxic metals emitted by an incinerator, including As, Be, Cd, Cr, Pb, Mn, Hg, Ni and V, have potentially toxic properties and their exposure, therefore, may be of ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.02.021
更新日期：2017-04-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Protein S-glutathionation has been demonstrated to be one of the cellular responses under oxidative stress and may be involved in many cellular metabolisms. In this study, the effect of redox cycling bipyridylium compounds, paraquat and diquat, on this protein modification was investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats we...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03621-0
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic exposure of humans to fluorine compounds in the air, water and food may be atherogenic via the activation of oxidative stress and increased ROS production. The most important factor that promotes the formation of ROS seems to be the oxidoreduction of electron carriers in the critical points of the respiratory ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.03.1167
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the major dose-limiting toxicities induced by antimicrotubule antitumor agents such as vinca alkaloids and taxanes is peripheral neuropathy. The neurotoxicity of TZT-1027 (a dolastatin 10 derivative antimicrotubule agent) was thus assessed using the animal models for antimicrotubule agent-induced neurotoxicity....
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00327-7
更新日期：2001-04-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Trihalomethanes (THMs; chloroform, bromoform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane), formed as by-products of chlorine disinfection, are found to occur in combination in drinking water supplies. THMs are metabolized by cytochromes P-450 and are likely substrates of CYP2E1. Therefore, it is possible that mixed ex...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00022-3
更新日期：1999-05-20 00:00:00
abstract：:BH3 mimetics, such as BH3I-1, act as Bcl-2 antagonists, promote apoptosis and are used in basic research studies on apoptotic signaling and are currently tested as experimental anti-tumor agents. The present study addresses time- and dose-dependent responses of BH3I-1 on apoptosis, cellular stress defense mediated by ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.017
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A previous study revealed that a single i.p. administration of 6 mg/kg body wt. of mercuric chloride (MC) durably inhibits the rat cerebral microvascular Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity [1]. In this study, cerebral microvessels isolated 18 h after MC treatment were compared to those obtained from control rats and subsequentl...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90127-9
更新日期：1994-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Gaseous butadiene (BUT) was mutagenic towards S. typhimurium strain TA 1530 when the incubation mixture was supplemented with a NADPH-fortified rat liver microsomal preparation; mutagenicity increased with the dose. A significant mutagenic effect was similarly observed when the petri dishes, containing the bacteria bu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(80)90179-4
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxicity of an aqueous extract prepared from Echinodorus macrophyllus dried leaves, a plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and kidney malfunctions, was estimated by different bioassays. Mutagenicity of the aqueous extract was evaluated in the Salmonella/microsome assay (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strain...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00220-4
更新日期：2000-08-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Male Swiss Webster mice were given an intravenous dose of 50 mg/kg, or an oral gavage dose of 5, 50 or 500 mg/kg [1, 2-(14)C]-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, and its fate was followed for 48 h. Ethylenediamine (EDA) was readily absorbed from the gut (bioavailability, 87% measured at 50 mg/kg). Absorption was rapid as...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00252-6
更新日期：2000-09-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzophenone-3 (2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, BZ-3) is a UV absorber that is used extensively in medicine, cosmetics and industry as a sunscreen and color fastener. Exposure to the chemical is through the dermal and oral route. Bioavailability of the chemical absorbed through the skin is different from that seen th...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90101-5
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The toxic and teratogenic effects of 4 organophosphorus compounds (phenyl saliginen cyclic phosphate (PSCP), leptophos-oxon (LPTO), tri-o-tolyl phosphate (TOTP), and paraoxon (PXN] were investigated in the embryos of 3 species of frogs. Developmental abnormalities were observed in surviving embryos of each of the 3 sp...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(85)90163-8
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central nervous system dysfunctions (most notably microencephaly and mental retardation) are among the most significant effects of in utero exposure to ethanol. Ethanol causes alterations of both neuronal and glial cells. In particular, ethanol has been shown to inhibit proliferation of astroglial cells stimulated by ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.020
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Male painters are commonly exposed to ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGE), a well known reproductive toxic agent causing testicular atrophy, in the form of solvent mixture containing toluene (TOL) and xylene (XYL). This study was carried out to determine the effect of exposing male rats to solvent mixture containing...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00357-9
更新日期：1999-01-11 00:00:00
