Toxicological evaluation by in vitro and in vivo assays of an aqueous extract prepared from Echinodorus macrophyllus leaves.

Abstract:

:Toxicity of an aqueous extract prepared from Echinodorus macrophyllus dried leaves, a plant used in folk medicine to treat inflammation and kidney malfunctions, was estimated by different bioassays. Mutagenicity of the aqueous extract was evaluated in the Salmonella/microsome assay (TA97a, TA98, TA100 and TA102 strains), with or without metabolic activation. No mutagenic activity (lyophilized extract tested up to 50 mg/plate) could be detected to any of the tester strain. Furthermore, no cytotoxic effect has been observed when a crude extract of E. macrophyllus (up to 7.5 mg/ml) was tested on the exponential growth of hepatoma and normal kidney epithelial cells in culture. Toxicity of E. macrophyllus was also evaluated in male Swiss mice after 6 weeks of continuous ingestion of the aqueous extract in drinking water. Average daily ingested doses were 3, 23 and 297 mg/kg for a lyophilized extract, and 2200 mg/kg for a crude extract, with dose two being equivalent to the daily dose recommended to humans. At the end of the treatment, all animals revealed a deficit in final body weight ranging from 5 to 47%. Biochemical analysis of the plasma revealed some minor alterations indicating subclinical hepatic toxicity. Genotoxic effect on liver, kidney and blood cells has been also evaluated by the comet assay, being negative to liver and blood cells. However, DNA analyses of the kidney cells detected some genotoxic activity for the highest dose tested of E. macrophyllus extract, either lyophilized or crude. On the other hand, exposure dose of 23 mg/kg, equivalent to the daily dose recommended to humans, did not revealed any genotoxic effect and hence this herb seems to be safe to human organism.

journal_name

Toxicol Lett

journal_title

Toxicology letters

authors

da Costa Lopes L,Albano F,Augusto Travassos Laranja G,Marques Alves L,Fernando Martins e Silva L,Poubel de Souza G,de Magalhães Araujo I,Firmino Nogueira-Neto J,Felzenszwalb I,Kovary K

doi

10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00220-4

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2000-08-16 00:00:00

pages

189-98

issue

3

eissn

0378-4274

issn

1879-3169

pii

S0378427400002204

journal_volume

116

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Elevation of metallothionein level in preneoplastic lesions during chemical hepatocarcinogenesis of the Fischer 344 rat.

    abstract::Metallothionein (MT) is inducible by various stimuli such as metals and physiological stress. Although elevated MT expression in certain type of tumors has been reported, there are few data available on the roles of MT in tumor formation. In this study, we immunohistochemically examined MT expression in gluthathione S...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00127-7

    authors: Sawaki M,Enomoto K,Hattori A,Tsuzuki N,Sawada N,Mori M

    更新日期:1999-07-30 00:00:00

  • Effects of diethylene glycol butyl ether and butoxyethoxyacetic acid on rat and human erythrocytes.

    abstract::The toxicity of diethylene glycol butyl ether (DGBE), and its principal metabolite, butoxyethoxyacetic acid (BEAA), were assessed in vitro for rat and human red blood cells. Rat erythrocytes showed evidence of mild hemolysis when exposed to BEAA at concentrations of 5 or 10 mM for 4 h. BEAA treated rat red blood cells...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.09.021

    authors: Udden MM

    更新日期:2005-03-28 00:00:00

  • Methylmercury impairs motor function in early development and induces oxidative stress in cerebellar granule cells.

    abstract::Environmental toxicants such as methylmercury play a critical role in the pathogenesis of many neurodevelopmental disorders. Environmental exposure to methylmercury frequently occurs at low doses, most frequently through fish consumption. Although the general population is at risk for exposure, pregnant women and youn...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.002

    authors: Patel E,Reynolds M

    更新日期:2013-10-09 00:00:00

  • Saikosaponin-d-mediated downregulation of neurogenesis results in cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting Akt/Foxg-1 pathway in mice.

    abstract::Saikosaponin-d (SSd), one of the main constituents of the total saikosaponins extracted from Bupleurum falcatum L, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis effect. Recently, SSd was proved to improve depressive symptoms although exhibit hepatotoxicity in animals, but the central nervous system (CNS) toxicity of ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.11.009

    authors: Lixing X,Zhouye J,Liting G,Ruyi Z,Rong Q,Shiping M

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • Three weeks' and six months' exposure to aromatic white spirit affect synaptosomal neurochemistry in rats.

    abstract::The effects of 3 weeks' or 6 months' inhalation exposure of rats to aromatic white spirit 6 h/day, 5 days/week at 0, 400, or 800 ppm were studied. Synaptosomal neurochemistry was investigated as index of the in situ conditions in the presynaptic nerve terminal. In both studies, the relative and absolute yield of synap...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03325-f

    authors: Lam HR,Ostergaard G,Ladefoged O

    更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00

  • An evaluation of concentrations of styrene-7,8-oxide in rats and humans resulting from exposure to styrene or styrene-7,8-oxide and potential genotoxicity.

    abstract::There is potential for oral exposure of humans to styrene (ST) such as from migration of residual levels in polystyrene food containers. After absorption, ST is metabolised to styrene-7,8-oxide (SO), an alkylating epoxide. Hence, a comparison of blood burdens of SO resulting from oral exposures to ST was made with SO ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.02.001

    authors: Filser JG,Gelbke HP

    更新日期:2016-04-15 00:00:00

  • Toxicological aspects of interesterified fat: Brain damages in rats.

    abstract::In recent years, interesterified fat (IF) has been used to replace hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF), rich in trans isomers, being found in processed foods. Studies involving IF have shown deleterious influences on the metabolic system, similarly to HVF, whereas no studies regarding its influence on the central nervous...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.020

    authors: D'avila LF,Dias VT,Vey LT,Milanesi LH,Roversi K,Emanuelli T,Bürger ME,Trevizol F,Maurer HL

    更新日期:2017-07-05 00:00:00

  • Formaldehyde induces micronuclei in mouse erythropoietic cells and suppresses the expansion of human erythroid progenitor cells.

    abstract::Although formaldehyde (FA) has been classified as a human leukemogen, the mechanisms of leukemogenesis remain elusive. Previously, using colony-forming assays in semi-solid media, we showed that FA exposure in vivo and in vitro was toxic to human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. In the present study, we have appli...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.028

    authors: Ji Z,Li X,Fromowitz M,Mutter-Rottmayer E,Tung J,Smith MT,Zhang L

    更新日期:2014-01-13 00:00:00

  • Thymoquinone inhibits cell proliferation through regulation of G1/S phase cell cycle transition in N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced experimental rat hepatocellular carcinoma.

    abstract::Dysregulated cell proliferation and tumorigenesis is frequently encountered in several cancers including hepatocellular carcinogenesis (HCC). Thus, agents that inhibit cell proliferation and restrain hepatic tumorigenesis through cell cycle regulation have a beneficial effect in the treatment of hepatocellular carcino...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.08.018

    authors: Raghunandhakumar S,Paramasivam A,Senthilraja S,Naveenkumar C,Asokkumar S,Binuclara J,Jagan S,Anandakumar P,Devaki T

    更新日期:2013-10-23 00:00:00

  • Lactulose attenuates METH-induced neurotoxicity by alleviating the impaired autophagy, stabilizing the perturbed antioxidant system and suppressing apoptosis in rat striatum.

    abstract::Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant. Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar, which effectively decreases METH-induced neurotoxicity in rat. However, the exact mechanisms need further investigation. In this study, 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats received METH (15 mg/kg, 8 intraperitoneal injectio...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.03.015

    authors: Xie XL,He JT,Wang ZT,Xiao HQ,Zhou WT,Du SH,Xue Y,Wang Q

    更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00

  • Indomethacin induces small intestinal damage and inhibits amitrole-associated thyroid carcinogenesis in rats initiated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine.

    abstract::Effects of intestinal damage on thyroid carcinogenesis due to amitrole (AT) were examined in F344 male rats initiated with N-bis(2-hydroxypropyl)nitrosamine (DHPN). In experiment 1, rats were provided with diet containing 0.03% AT for 20 weeks after a single subcutaneous injection of DHPN (2800 mg/kg body weight), and...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.11.012

    authors: Imai T,Onose J,Hasumura M,Takizawa T,Hirose M

    更新日期:2006-06-20 00:00:00

  • Human urinary biomarkers of dioxin exposure: analysis by metabolomics and biologically driven data dimensionality reduction.

    abstract::Untargeted metabolomic approaches offer new opportunities for a deeper understanding of the molecular events related to toxic exposure. This study proposes a metabolomic investigation of biochemical alterations occurring in urine as a result of dioxin toxicity. Urine samples were collected from Czech chemical workers ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.10.031

    authors: Jeanneret F,Boccard J,Badoud F,Sorg O,Tonoli D,Pelclova D,Vlckova S,Rutledge DN,Samer CF,Hochstrasser D,Saurat JH,Rudaz S

    更新日期:2014-10-15 00:00:00

  • Epidemiological application of early markers of nephrotoxicity.

    abstract::This paper is a review of epidemiological studies in which sensitive markers of nephrotoxicity have been used to detect the early effects of chemicals on the kidney. Most of the studies are cross-sectional, and their objective was either to identify potentially nephrotoxic chemicals (organic solvents, heavy metals) in...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(89)90137-9

    authors: Bernard A,Lauwerys R

    更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00

  • Urban fine particulate matter exposure causes male reproductive injury through destroying blood-testis barrier (BTB) integrity.

    abstract::Blood-testis barrier (BTB) provides a suitable microenvironment for germ cells that is required for spermatogenesis. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) is recognized to occasion male reproductive impairment, but the mechanism of which remains unclear. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish animal models...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.12.004

    authors: Cao XN,Shen LJ,Wu SD,Yan C,Zhou Y,Xiong G,Wang YC,Liu Y,Liu B,Tang XL,Guo M,Liu DY,Long CL,Sun M,He DW,Lin T,Wei GH

    更新日期:2017-01-15 00:00:00

  • Effect of sulfur dioxide inhalation on CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 in rat liver and lung.

    abstract::Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, presents in low concentrations in the urban air, and in higher concentrations in the working environment. In the present study, male Wistar rats were housed in exposure chambers and treated with 14.00+/-1.53, 28.00+/-2.12 and 56.00+/-4.28 mg/m3 SO2 for 6 h/day for 7 ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.002

    authors: Qin G,Meng Z

    更新日期:2005-12-30 00:00:00

  • Relationship between PCBs in blood and D-glucaric acid in urine.

    abstract::The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have been demonstrated to be inducers of hepatic microsomal enzymes and some of their effects such as hormonal imbalance, and alteration of lipid and porphyrin metabolism could be ascribed to this mechanism. For this reason, the urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid (DGA), an indire...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00226-1

    authors: Apostoli P,Mangili A,Carasi S,Manno M

    更新日期:2003-09-15 00:00:00

  • Oltipraz, 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione, and sulforaphane induce overlapping and protective antioxidant responses in murine microglial cells.

    abstract::Oltipraz (OPZ) is a known inducer of glutathione S-transferases and a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2. Given the detoxification characteristics of this compound, the transcriptional effects of OPZ, along with the related naturally occurring compounds 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and sulforaphane (SF...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.06.006

    authors: Konwinski RR,Haddad R,Chun JA,Klenow S,Larson SC,Haab BB,Furge LL

    更新日期:2004-11-28 00:00:00

  • Dimethylacetamide pharmacokinetics following inhalation exposures to rats and mice.

    abstract::Whole-body inhalation exposures to N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) were conducted with male rats (Crl:CD BR) and mice (Crl:CD-1 (ICR)BR). Exposure concentrations were 50, 150, 300 and 500 ppm. The exposure routines consisted of single 1-, 3-, or 6-h exposures and ten 6-h exposures (10 exposure days in 2 weeks). Area unde...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90061-2

    authors: Hundley SG,Lieder PH,Valentine R,McCooey KT,Kennedy GL Jr

    更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00

  • Prevention and recovery of CuSO4-induced inhibition of Na+/K+ -ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase in rat brain synaptosomes by EDTA.

    abstract::Enzymatic activities of Na+/K+-ATPase and Mg2+ -ATPase from rat brain synaptic plasma membrane were studied in the absence and presence of EDTA. The aim of the study was to examine the ability of this strong chelator to prevent and recover the CuSO4-induced inhibition. The influence of experimentally added CuSO4 and E...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00144-7

    authors: Vasić V,Jovanović D,Krstić D,Nikezić G,Horvat A,Vujisić L,Nedeljković N

    更新日期:1999-10-29 00:00:00

  • Determination of arsenic in urine by atomic absorption spectrophotometry for biological monitoring of occupational exposure to arsenic.

    abstract::An atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) method was successfully applied to analysis of urine for arsenic (As) as a measure of biological monitoring of occupational exposure to As in Vietnam. The application of the method to urine samples from 75 non-exposed control urbanites (after 2-day abstinence from sea food...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00087-9

    authors: Dang TM,Tran QT,Vu KV

    更新日期:1999-09-05 00:00:00

  • Hazards for the Rostock water supply from a tar-contaminated sediment in the river Warnow.

    abstract::By the gas plant at Schwaan (a small city near Rostock), tar and other by-products were released into the river Warnow which supplies Rostock with drinking water 20 km downstream. The tar-contaminated river sediment contained phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), indicating a mutagenic potential. Investi...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03761-7

    authors: Randow FF,Hübener T,Merkel G

    更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00

  • TLR4 is a target of environmentally relevant concentration of lead.

    abstract::Lead (Pb) alters the susceptibility to different pathogens suggesting that macrophage-mediated defense mechanisms, through activation of toll-like receptors (TLRs), may be affected by Pb. The aim of this study was to test whether activation of TLR4 is a targeted molecule to the effect of environmentally relevant Pb co...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.09.009

    authors: Luna AL,Acosta-Saavedra LC,Martínez M,Torres-Avilés N,Gómez R,Calderón-Aranda ES

    更新日期:2012-11-15 00:00:00

  • Comparison of the effects of pyridine and its metabolites on rat liver and kidney.

    abstract::In order to evaluate the possibility that the metabolism of pyridine may be important for its toxic actions, pyridine was compared with pyridine N-oxide, 2-hydroxypyridine, 3-hydroxypyridine, 4-hydroxypyridine and pyridinium methyliodide in rats given equal molar doses of the chemicals i.p. Hepatoxicity was assessed b...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(96)03660-0

    authors: Carlson GP

    更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00

  • Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α mediates di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate transgenerational repression of ovarian Esr1 expression in female mice.

    abstract::Di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP) is a phthalate ester that binds peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) to induce proliferation of peroxisomes and regulate the expression of specific target genes. The question of whether the effect of DEHP on female reproductive processes is mediated via PPARα-dependen...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.04.019

    authors: Kawano M,Qin XY,Yoshida M,Fukuda T,Nansai H,Hayashi Y,Nakajima T,Sone H

    更新日期:2014-08-04 00:00:00

  • Vinylphenylmercapturic acids in human urine as biomarkers of styrene ring oxidation.

    abstract::New metabolites of styrene, three isomeric vinylphenylmercapturic acids (2-, 3-, and 4-VPMA), were recently identified by LC-ESI-MS in the urine of mice. In this study, 4-VPMA together with traces of 2- and 3-VPMA were found also in the urine of hand-lamination workers, which were exposed to styrene vapours at concent...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.06.012

    authors: Linhart I,Mráz J,Dabrowská L,Mališ M,Krouželka J,Kořínek M

    更新日期:2012-09-03 00:00:00

  • Increased o- and p-cresol/hippuric acid ratios in the urine of four strains of rat exposed to toluene at thousands-ppm levels.

    abstract::Rats (Fisher, Wistar, Donryu and Sprague-Dawley strains) were exposed to 5 approximately 3500 ppm toluene for 8 h, and urine samples were analyzed for hippuric acid and cresols. While hippuric acid increased in proportion to the exposure concentration, a sharp increase in o-cresol excretion was observed at high toluen...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90134-6

    authors: Inoue O,Seiji K,Ishihara N,Kumai M,Ikeda M

    更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00

  • Inhalation of enflurane and halothane at subanesthetic concentrations and effects on circulating serum testosterone, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone in the male rat.

    abstract::The present study was carried out in order to investigate the effects of inhaled volatile anesthetic gases in subanesthetic concentrations on circulating hormones essential for normal male reproduction. Male mature rats were exposed daily, up to 11 days, to halothane or enflurane in concentrations up to 500 and 1000 p...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90139-x

    authors: Cameron AM,Dale O,Haug E,Nilsen OG

    更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00

  • A field study conducted at Kidston Gold Mine, to evaluate the impact of arsenic and zinc from mine tailing to grazing cattle.

    abstract::The grazing trial at Kidston Gold Mine, North Queensland, was aimed specifically to assess the uptake of metals from the tailing and the potential for unacceptable contamination of saleable meat. Further aims included estimating metal dose rates and identifying potential exposure pathways including plant uptake of hea...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00378-8

    authors: Bruce SL,Noller BN,Grigg AH,Mullen BF,Mulligan DR,Ritchie PJ,Currey N,Ng JC

    更新日期:2003-01-31 00:00:00

  • Industrial research on alternative fluorocarbons.

    abstract::Fluorocarbons containing chlorine or bromine have been associated with stratospheric ozone depletion and the search for suitable alternatives is progressing at an accelerated pace. The Program for Alternative Fluorocarbon Toxicity Testing (PAFT), an international group representing most of the world's CFC producers, h...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(93)90115-e

    authors: Trochimowicz HJ

    更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00

  • Stem Leydig cell regeneration in the adult rat testis is inhibited after a short-term triphenyltin exposure.

    abstract::Triphenyltin (TPT) is an organotin compound and may be an endocrine disruptor, impairing the male reproductive system. However, the effect of short-term TPT exposure on stem Leydig cell regeneration later on remains unknown. Here, we show that TPT affects stem Leydig cell regeneration in the adult rat testis. Adult ma...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.02.010

    authors: Ni C,Fang Y,Chen X,Wu K,Li H,Wang Y,Zhenkun L,Lian Q,Ge RS

    更新日期:2019-05-15 00:00:00