Abstract:
:Central nervous system dysfunctions (most notably microencephaly and mental retardation) are among the most significant effects of in utero exposure to ethanol. Ethanol causes alterations of both neuronal and glial cells. In particular, ethanol has been shown to inhibit proliferation of astroglial cells stimulated by certain, but not all mitogens. Here, we review evidence that acetylcholine, by activating the M(3) subtype of muscarinic receptors, increases DNA synthesis in rat and human astroglial cells and that this effect is inhibited by low ethanol concentrations (10-100mM). Of the several signal transduction pathways activated by these receptors in astrocytes or astrocytoma cells, ethanol appears to target activation of phospholipase D, leading to a decrease in phosphatidic acid, a decreased activation of the atypical protein kinase C zeta and decreased down-stream activation of p70S6 kinase and of nuclear factor-kappaB. Inhibition of this pathway by ethanol occurs at the same concentrations which effectively inhibit proliferation. Inhibition of astroglial cell proliferation by ethanol may contribute to the microencephaly present in most children diagnosed with the fetal alcohol syndrome.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Costa LG,Vitalone A,Guizzetti Mdoi
10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.12.020keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-04-01 00:00:00pages
67-73issue
1-3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
S0378427403004843journal_volume
149pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Two-week oral administration of MDL-19,660, a triazole antidepressant compound, resulted in a dose-related thrombocytopenia in rats given 40-360 mg/kg/d and dogs treated with 5-50 mg/kg/d. Consumptive loss of platelets was not apparent since splenomegaly, hemorrhage, microscopic thrombi or prolonged coagulation times ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(91)90098-q
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have designed a low-cost, compact, head-only exposure system which is easy to use and allows exposure of up to 8 or 16 small rodents depending on the chamber used with the system. Animals are exposed without anesthesia or extreme restraint. Deflection tubes at the chamber inlet and outlet serve to provide turbulent...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(87)90107-x
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo experiments are still widely used for the testing of lung toxicity but there is an ethical and legal obligation to replace, reduce and refine animal testing. Lung A549 cells could serve as an in vitro indicator for acute lung toxicity but little data about the correlation of the cytotoxicity in A549 cells and ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.09.014
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The toxic mechanism of endosulfan, a widely used organochlorine pesticide, was investigated in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human cell lines. A concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed when S. cerevisiae was exposed to endosulfan, and its cytotoxicity (IC(50)) was found to be 49 microM and 86 mic...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.03.004
更新日期:2004-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::About two decades ago in vitro mutagenicity tests were adopted as the first in vitro methods in regulatory toxicology. For reasons of animal welfare and better science, many validation studies of various in vitro methods were performed between 1985 and 1995 for their potential to replace the Draize eye irritation test...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00492-1
更新日期:2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Ambient and biological monitoring was undertaken among tobacco processors who are chronically exposed to tobacco particulates via nasopharyngeal and cutaneous routes. Ambient monitoring revealed that the inspirable dust concentration was 150-fold higher in the tobacco factory than in the control environment, and was a...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00097-1
更新日期:1999-09-05 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this research was to develop a mathematical description of uptake of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons into the stratum corneum of human skin in vivo. A simple description based on Fick's laws of diffusion was used to predict the spatiotemporal variation of naphthalene, 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, u...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.03.005
更新日期:2008-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a proven animal carcinogen. Occupational cohorts with the highest exposures imply that there is a small risk of all cancers combined, but it is difficult to pinpoint the confounding effect of the main chemicals. Studies after major accidents do not unequivocally confirm th...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.02.007
更新日期:2012-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::alpha-Zearalanol (alpha-ZAL), a phytochemical with both antioxidant and estrogen-like properties, has been shown to retard progression of atherosclerosis and regulate cardiovascular function in part through suppression of endothelin-1 (ET-1) secretion. However, the precise nature behind alpha-ZAL-elicited inhibition o...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.05.005
更新日期:2008-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Samples of PM(2.5) were gravimetrically collected during the winter 2005/2006 in the urban area of Milan (North Italy). Samples were chemically characterized and the particles were detached from filters to determine their cytotoxic effects on the A549 cell line. Based on the potential toxicological relevance of its co...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.03.003
更新日期:2009-07-10 00:00:00
abstract::Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a group of protein-modifying and nucleotide-polymerizing enzymes able to catalyze the transfer of multiple ADP-ribose units from NAD to substrate proteins. In the human genome, 16 different genes encoding for members of this emerging family of enzymes have been identified. Know...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00429-0
更新日期:2003-04-04 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, spermatogenic cell apoptosis was shown to play a key role in the induction of testicular atrophy by dibutyl phthalate (DBP), thus causing reproductive toxicology. However, the molecular events induced by DBP in apoptotic germ cells remain unclear. In the present study, the mouse spermatocyte-derived GC-2 cel...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.016
更新日期:2016-03-14 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing evidences suggest that microcystins, a kind of toxic metabolites, produced by cyanobacteria in contaminated water may contribute to the aggravation of the human colorectal carcinoma. Our previous study showed that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) exposure caused significant invasion and migration of colorectal cancer...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.004
更新日期:2017-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Epidemiological studies have reported that humans have detectable levels of not only bisphenol A (BPA), but also its halogenated derivatives tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA), in the serum. Our previous study showed that BPA promotes ovarian cancer progression by directly inducing cell p...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.01.006
更新日期:2017-03-05 00:00:00
abstract::α-asarone is a natural phenylpropene found in several plants, which are widely used for flavoring foods and treating diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated that α-asarone has many pharmacological functions, while some reports indicated its toxicity. However, little is known about its cardiovascular effects. This...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.02.003
更新日期:2020-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TMDT) is a synthetic neurotoxic rodenticide and potential chemical threat agent. Signs of TMDT poisoning include convulsions which can progress into status epilepticus and death. Although clinical reports clearly show that poisoning via food and drink is the main route of exposure, expe...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.03.014
更新日期:2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::When considering the state of the art in toxicology from an analytical perspective, the key developments relate to three major areas. (1) Forensic horizon: Today forensic analysis has broadened its scope dramatically, to include workplace toxicology, drug abuse testing, drugs and driving, doping, environmental and vet...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00293-8
更新日期:1998-12-28 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of zinc(II) on the toxicokinetics of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD), the ultimate toxic metabolite of n-hexane, was performed by quantifying the changes of two urinary biomarkers, free 2,5-HD and pyrrole derivatives, in rats exposed to 2,5-HD and to 2,5-HD plus zinc acetate. Eight groups of Wistar rats were ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00298-8
更新日期:2001-02-03 00:00:00
abstract::Amitriptyline hydrochloride, an antidepressant drug, was tested in mice for mutagenic effects in the somatic cells by the micronucleus test and in the germ cells by the air drying technique of Evans et al. Mice were treated orally with the drug at a dose of 70, 140 and 210 mg/kg body weight. The results indicate that ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(87)90233-5
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toluene diisocyanate (TDI), a highly reactive industrial chemical is a leading cause of occupational asthma in westernized countries. It has also been reported to be a skin sensitizer in mice and guinea pigs although instances of skin sensitivity in humans are rare. It is uncertain if skin-contact is necessary to init...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00325-3
更新日期:2001-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::The widespread use of insecticides has amounted to a large scale 'experiment' in natural selection of insects by chemicals of toxicological importance to humans. Specific examples in which the molecular basis of insecticide resistance has been studied in detail are presented here. The biochemical/physiological mechani...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03470-6
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melamine (MA) exposure causes male reproductive toxicity, however, the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in MA-induced reproductive toxicity in piglets. Male weaned piglets were exposed to MA concentrations of 0, 100, 300, and 1000 mg/kg in the diet f...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.07.019
更新日期:2018-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::The toxicity of benz (e) acephenanthrylene (BeA) has been studied earlier with regard to the carcinogenicity of its metabolites, but its phototogenotoxicity is not well understood. Present study aimed to analyze the photodynamic response of BeA in human skin cell line (A375) under ambient environmental intensity of UV...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.08.023
更新日期:2010-11-30 00:00:00
abstract::Dermal toxicity of the new multi-insect repellent N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) was studied in female rabbits. LD50 of DEPA was estimated to be 3505 mg/kg b.w. On daily topical application for 21 d at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., dermal irritancy score and blood chemistry changes indicated that the compound is non-irr...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(89)90160-4
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxicogenomics describes the measurement of global gene expression changes in biological samples exposed to toxicants. This new technology promises to greatly facilitate research into toxicant mechanisms, with the possibility of assisting in the detection of compounds with the potential to cause adverse health effects...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00500-3
更新日期:2003-04-11 00:00:00
abstract::Bisphenol A (BPA) has one of the highest production volumes of all chemicals worldwide. It has been widely studied because of its endocrine modulating activity. In addition to dietary intake, absorption of BPA via the skin from handling thermal papers is believed to be a relevant route of exposure. We studied BPA expo...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.020
更新日期:2014-11-04 00:00:00
abstract::Human epidermal keratinocytes which have been cultured were treated with the heavy metal ions of cadmium, mercury, copper and zinc. Cytotoxicity was measured either by protein estimation or by using the neutral red assay. Antioxidants were added in order to find out whether heavy metal-induced cytotoxicity is related ...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90170-8
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exercising volunteers exposed in chambers to as little as 80 ppb O3 for several hours exhibit impaired lung function and irritative lower airway symptoms. Comparable changes occur among children and young adults exposed to summer smog containing O3. Intensity of the response is reproducible but varies widely among ind...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-4274(95)03565-6
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The possible role of acetylcholine receptors on the HgCl(2)-induced dopamine (DA) release from rat striatum was investigated by using in vivo brain microdialysis technique after administration of selective nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists, mecamylamine and atropine, respectively. Intrastriatal infusion of...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.03.008
更新日期:2008-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::In August 2003, 44 victims were poisoned by chemical warfare agents (CWAs) leaked from five drums that were excavated at a construction site in Qiqihar, Northeast China. The drums were abandoned by the former Japanese imperial army during World War II and contained a mixture of Sulfur mustard (SM) and Lewisite. We car...
journal_title:Toxicology letters
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.04.017
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00