Abstract：
:Aliesterases (carboxylesterases, EC 3.1.1.1) are serine esterases which may protect acetylcholinesterase during organophosphorus insecticide intoxication by providing alternative phosphorylation sites. Levels of hepatic aliesterase activity were investigated after the intraperitoneal administration of beta-naphthoflavone (BNF) to female rats using nine 4-nitrophenyl esters as substrates (including straight and branched chain aliphatic and aromatic esters) and 1-naphthyl acetate. In addition, the in vitro sensitivities of aliesterases to inhibition by paraoxon, the active metabolite of the common insecticide parathion, were studied. Hepatic aliesterases from BNF-treated rats displayed lower activities than those from the controls with all substrates except 4-nitrophenyl phenylbutyrate and isovalerate. The aliesterases from BNF-treated rats were more sensitive to paraoxon inhibition with 4-nitrophenyl phenylbutyrate, valerate, and butyrate. Esterases hydrolyzing 4-nitrophenyl butyrate, valerate, and branched chain esters were most sensitive to paraoxon inhibition while those hydrolyzing 4-nitrophenyl hexanoate and aromatic esters were least sensitive. The results suggested that BNF-induced changes in hepatic aliesterases could alter responses to organophosphates.
journal_name
Toxicol Lettjournal_title
Toxicology lettersauthors
Watson AM,Chambers H,Chambers JEdoi
10.1016/0378-4274(94)90108-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1994-05-01 00:00:00pages
217-25issue
3eissn
0378-4274issn
1879-3169pii
0378-4274(94)90108-2journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Isolated rat hepatocytes incubated aerobically formed measurable amounts of ethane, a parameter for lipid peroxidation. This ethane formation increased several-fold due to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) depending on its concentration. Cell damage as measured by trypan blue uptake and lactate dehydrogenase release poorly ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(81)90112-0
更新日期：1981-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to cyanide from gari, a popular cassava food in West Africa, is implicated in the causation of ataxic polyneuropathy and amblyopia, but this has been questioned because cyanide was not detected in gari in a study. This study was carried out to determine if gari is a source of exposure to cyanide. Gari (150 g)...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00232-1
更新日期：2002-09-05 00:00:00
abstract：:Fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) has a salutary effect on hemorrhagic, traumatic and endotoxic shock. The role of FDP on compound 48/80-induced shock was therefore investigated. Sprague Dawley aged male rats (448+/-7.4 gm body weight) were randomly assigned into three groups and treated intraperitoneally with diphenhydr...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00357-5
更新日期：2001-06-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Primary renal neoplasms in the rats are uncommon. Nephroblastoma is the only renal embryonal tumor of the rat; all other tumors are reported in older rats. The occurrence of spontaneous nephroblastoma in rats has been reported. However, metastasis from the nephroblastoma in rat is extremely rare. Data from 2669 Spragu...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90020-k
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The necessity to protect humans from the adverse effects of chemicals on structure and function of the developing and/or mature nervous system is increasingly recognized among regulatory bodies throughout the world. Whereas structural changes dominated much of neurotoxicological research in the past, functional marker...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(92)90195-p
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The exposure to cuprizone (CPZ) leads to demyelination in the central nervous system in rodents. To examine the developmental effects of CPZ exposure on hippocampal neurogenesis, pregnant rats were treated with 0, 0.1 or 0.4% CPZ in the diet from gestational day 6 to day 21 after delivery. On postnatal day 21, male of...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.022
更新日期：2015-05-05 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been a significant evolution in the clinical management of the poisoned patient over the last decade. Interventions that were once the cornerstone of treating the poisoned patient have become passé or have come under intense scrutiny. The advent of evidence-based medicine has forced clinical scientists to re...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00512-4
更新日期：2002-02-28 00:00:00
abstract：:Polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) phosphate is a competitive disinfectant with strong antibacterial activity. However, epidemiologists revealed that inhaled PHMG-phosphate may increase the risk of pulmonary fibrosis associated with inflammation, resulting in the deaths of many people, including infants and pregnant w...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.01.005
更新日期：2015-03-04 00:00:00
abstract：:Chromium (Cr) is widely used in industry, making its toxicity a matter of concern. Although hexavalent Cr [Cr(VI)] can promote cancer cell proliferation in several cancers, there is little evidence implicating Cr(VI) in cancer cell migration, especially in prostate cancer. We show that the Cr concentration is higher i...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.10.012
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After toxicological studies with nitrate/nitrite in rats it was observed with nuclear magnetic resonance that N-methylnicotinamide (NMN), a metabolite of tryptophan was increased. The use of NMN as a biomarker for nitrate/nitrite exposure was investigated further in additional experiments with rats and in a human stud...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(95)03306-8
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral administration of a single dose of dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTL, 80 mg/kg body wt.), 2 or 24 h after treatment, caused no significant change in the levels of diacylglycerol and phosphoinositides in rat cerebrum (forebrain), whereas daily administration of DBTL (40 or 80 mg/kg body wt.) for 3 days (24 h after the fi...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(91)90198-f
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The degradation of cyanogenic glycosides was studied in spontaneously fermenting cassava root pulp and in fresh pulp samples pretreated to prevent either endogenous beta-glycosidase activity, fermentation, or both. The rate of disappearance of the glycosides, as measured by hydrocyanic acid (HCN) production in situ, i...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90153-4
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a ubiquitous air pollutant, presents in low concentrations in the urban air, and in higher concentrations in the working environment. In the present study, male Wistar rats were housed in exposure chambers and treated with 14.00+/-1.53, 28.00+/-2.12 and 56.00+/-4.28 mg/m3 SO2 for 6 h/day for 7 ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2005.06.002
更新日期：2005-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：:The hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays an important role in lung development, but its significance in silicosis is unclear. We showed that in human coal pneumoconiosis autopsy specimens, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) and the Glioma-associated oncogene homolog transcription factors family (GLI) 1 proteins were up-regulated, ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.023
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genomic DNA is under continuous assault by various chemical species produced by normal cellular metabolism. In addition, exposure to exogenous agents adds further insult. Modification of DNA by chemical carcinogens has long been recognized as an early event in carcinogenesis and many DNA adducts have been characterize...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00162-5
更新日期：2002-08-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of vitamin C on acute paracetamol poisoning were studied in mice. Given orally at 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg, either simultaneously or 2 h after the oral administration of 875 mg/kg of paracetamol, vitamin C did not cause any decrease in the mortality rate. In similar conditions in previous experiments methionin...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(83)90086-3
更新日期：1983-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of industrial exposure to acrylamide have been studied in animals and humans for more than 30 years. A recent search for the cause of high background levels of acrylamide in industrially unexposed people revealed that it is formed during the frying or baking of foods ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.037
更新日期：2004-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Acrolein, a potent cilioinhibitor of cigarette smoke was tested on synchronously dividing cultures. Mitosis could be blocked whenever the addition of acrolein was made during the cell cycle but this effect was totally reversible (between 0.06 microgram/ml to 1 microgram/ml). Nucleic acid syntheses were more affected t...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90043-1
更新日期：1982-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Trichothecenes are mycotoxins which produce lethal toxicosis in humans and animals, yet no adequate therapeutic regimen has been developed. This study provides evidence that the selective platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist, BN 52021 (5-15 mg/kg i.v.) can prolong the survival of conscious rats exposed to a hig...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(87)90008-7
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dermal toxicity of the new multi-insect repellent N,N-diethylphenylacetamide (DEPA) was studied in female rabbits. LD50 of DEPA was estimated to be 3505 mg/kg b.w. On daily topical application for 21 d at a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w., dermal irritancy score and blood chemistry changes indicated that the compound is non-irr...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(89)90160-4
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Benzodiazepines have wide-spread used in pharmacotherapy for their anxiolytic, myorelaxant, hypnotic, amnesic and anticonvulsive properties. Despite benzodiazepines are used in clinics over 50 years, they have not been surprisingly tested for capability to induce major drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450. In the curren...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.01.004
更新日期：2010-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants can metabolize the Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) by forming the masked mycotoxin deoxynivalenol-3-β-D-glucoside (D3G). D3G might be cleaved during digestion, thus increasing the total DON burden of an individual. Due to a lack of in vivo data, D3G has not been included in the various regulatory limits...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.032
更新日期：2014-08-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last twenty years research has provided an important insight into the mechanisms responsible for the immunotoxicity of both local and systemic adverse reactions following the use of immunostimulating drugs and adjuvants. In this article we provide an update of the present knowledge relating to the various par...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.03.001
更新日期：2011-06-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the interest is growing towards glyoxalases and methylglyoxal, their role in metabolism is still an enigma. In this paper, the effects of methylglyoxal in both in vivo and in vitro mammalian systems are reviewed and correlated with its interaction with macromolecules (nucleic acids, proteins). The theories on...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(94)90184-8
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The biomedical application of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), such as drug delivery and cancer treatment, requires a clear understanding of their fate and toxicological profile after intravenous administration. In this study, the long-term accumulation and toxicity of intravenously injected SWCNTs in the main...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2008.07.020
更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Iodinated contrast media (CM) can induce apoptosis and necrosis of renal tubular cells. The injuries of endothelial cells induced by CM on the systemic condition have not been fully understood. To assess the toxic effects of non-ionic CM on the glomerular and aortic endothelial cells, iopromide and iodixanol, two kind...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.02.011
更新日期：2011-05-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Chemical-peptide conjugation is the molecular initiating event in skin sensitization. The OECD test guideline uses a high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet (HPLC/UV) detection method to quantify chemical-peptide conjugation in a direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), which measures the depletion of two sy...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.12.002
更新日期：2021-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral administration of stannous chloride (SnCl2) (1.0 mg Sn2$/kg body weight) to rats, twice daily for 28 days, caused a significant increase in the tin (Sn) content and a corresponding decrease of the calcium (Ca) content in the femoral epiphysis, but was without effect on serum Ca, intestinal Ca absorption, and urin...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0378-4274(82)90259-4
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A quantitative high-content screening (HCS) was suggested for the real-time monitoring of drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction-mediated hepatotoxicity. This HCS is very advantageous in that it allows simultaneous observation of drug-induced activations of hepatotoxic pathways using hypermulticolor cellular imaging. ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.08.027
更新日期：2012-10-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Sensitivity to chemicals is a toxicological concept, contained in the dose-response relationship. Sensitivity also includes the concept of hypersensitivity, although controversy surrounds the nature of effects from very low exposures. The term multiple chemical sensitivity has been used to describe individuals with a ...
journal_title：Toxicology letters
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00536-7
更新日期：2002-03-10 00:00:00
