Exposure to cyanide following a meal of cassava food.

Abstract:

:Exposure to cyanide from gari, a popular cassava food in West Africa, is implicated in the causation of ataxic polyneuropathy and amblyopia, but this has been questioned because cyanide was not detected in gari in a study. This study was carried out to determine if gari is a source of exposure to cyanide. Gari (150 g) containing cyanohydrin, from which 128 micromol of cyanide ions could be released, was dissolved in 500 ml of cold water for each of the 12 healthy subjects to drink. Concentrations of cyanide in plasma and erythrocytes were determined at baseline and following the meal at 30 min, 1 h, hourly for 4 h and two hourly for 12 h. The mean concentrations of cyanide in the plasma were 6 micromol/l (95% CI 2-10) at baseline, 12 micromol/l (95% CI 6-17) at peak and 6 micromol/l (95% CI 2-10) on return to baseline. The mean amount of cyanide absorbed into the plasma was 13 micromol (S.D. 12), while the transit time of absorbed cyanide was 7.3 h (S.D. 2.1). This study shows that exposure to cyanide follows consumption of gari, but the amount of cyanide absorbed into the plasma from a single meal is small and unlikely to cause acute intoxication. The long transit time of absorbed cyanide in the plasma suggests that frequent intake of gari could cause cyanide to accumulate in the plasma.

journal_name

Toxicol Lett

journal_title

Toxicology letters

authors

Oluwole OS,Onabolu AO,Sowunmi A

doi

10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00232-1

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2002-09-05 00:00:00

pages

19-23

issue

1-2

eissn

0378-4274

issn

1879-3169

pii

S0378427402002321

journal_volume

135

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Role of neutrophils in acrylonitrile-induced gastric mucosal damage.

    abstract::Acrylonitrile (ACN) is a widely used intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, acrylic fibers, synthetic rubbers and resins that are used in a variety of products including food containers and medical devices. ACN is a possible human carcinogen and a documented animal carcinogen, with the stomach being an important ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.018

    authors: Hamdy NM,Al-Abbasi FA,Alghamdi HA,Tolba MF,Esmat A,Abdel-Naim AB

    更新日期:2012-01-25 00:00:00

  • Oral cocaine produces dose-related hepatotoxicity in male mice.

    abstract::Cocaine remains a widely abused substance. While most addicts take cocaine intranasally, a considerable number abuse cocaine by mouth. It has been assumed that after oral exposure cocaine is hydrolyzed in the stomach rendering it ineffective. This study investigated the effect of orally administered cocaine on liver f...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00412-x

    authors: Labib R,Turkall R,Abdel-Rahman MS

    更新日期:2001-12-15 00:00:00

  • Effects of amaranth on F1 generation mice.

    abstract::The color additive, amaranth, was given in the diet to provide dietary levels of 0 (control), 0.03, 0.09 and 0.27%, from 5 weeks of age in F0 generation mice to 9 weeks of age in F1 generation mice, and some reproductive, developmental and behavioral parameters were measured. There was no effect on the parameters of l...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(92)90290-z

    authors: Tanaka T

    更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00

  • Altered serum immunoglobulin response to model intestinal antigens during dietary exposure to vomitoxin (deoxynivalenol).

    abstract::The effect of dietary vomitoxin on the serum IgA and IgG responses to two model intestinal antigens, casein and cholera toxin (CT), were assessed in 4 experimental groups: (1) mice fed casein-based diet, (2) mice fed casein-based diet containing 25 ppm vomitoxin, (3) mice fed casein-based diet and immunized with CT, a...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(90)90254-j

    authors: Pestka JJ,Moorman MA,Warner RL

    更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00

  • A compact multichamber gas inhalation exposure system for mice.

    abstract::A multi-unit, dynamic flow, inhalation exposure system which is capable of accommodating 12 mice per unit has been described. Components of the system include a mixing board, one or more glass distributing tubes, and detachable glass chamber tubes. The flow of a specified concentration of test gas exits from the mixin...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(85)90055-4

    authors: Kapeghian JC,Waters IW,Jones AB

    更新日期:1985-02-01 00:00:00

  • Delayed neurochemical effects of prenatal exposure to MeHg in the cerebellum of developing rats.

    abstract::Human fetuses and neonates are particularly vulnerable to methylmercury (MeHg)-induced brain damage and are sensitive even to low exposure levels. Previous work of our group evidence that prenatal exposure to MeHg causes cognitive and behavioral alterations and disrupt hippocampus signaling. The current study aimed to...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.12.006

    authors: Heimfarth L,Delgado J,Mingori MR,Moresco KS,Pureur RP,Gelain DP,Moreira JCF

    更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00

  • Endocrine disruptor bisphenol A strongly binds to human estrogen-related receptor gamma (ERRgamma) with high constitutive activity.

    abstract::Bisphenol A (BPA) has been acknowledged as an estrogenic chemical able to interact with human estrogen receptors (ER). Many lines of evidence reveal that BPA has an impact as an endocrine disruptor even at low doses. However, its binding to ER and hormonal activity is extremely weak, making the intrinsic significance ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.08.012

    authors: Takayanagi S,Tokunaga T,Liu X,Okada H,Matsushima A,Shimohigashi Y

    更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00

  • Involvement of cytokines in the hepatic expression of metallothionein by ursolic acid.

    abstract::Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, is reported to have inducing activity of hepatic metallothionein (MT) which responsible for the detoxification of heavy metals; however, the mechanism underlying its effects is poorly understood. To further determine the underlying mechanism of UA, this study investiga...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.11.002

    authors: Jeong HG,Kim HG,Hwang YP

    更新日期:2005-03-15 00:00:00

  • Multiparametric assay using HepaRG cells for predicting drug-induced liver injury.

    abstract::The utility of HepaRG cells as an in vitro cell-based assay system for assessing drug-induced liver injury (DILI) risk was investigated. Seventeen DILI-positive and 15 DILI-negative drugs were selected for the assay. HepaRG cells were treated with each drug for 24h at concentrations that were 1.6-, 6.3-, 25-, and 100-...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.04.014

    authors: Tomida T,Okamura H,Satsukawa M,Yokoi T,Konno Y

    更新日期:2015-07-02 00:00:00

  • JNK and p38 MAPK regulate oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in chlorpyrifos-induced apoptosis.

    abstract::To investigate mechanisms of neuronal cell death in response to chlorpyrifos (CPF), a pesticide, we evaluated the regulation of ROS and COX-2 in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells treated with CPF. CPF treatment produced cytotoxic effects that appeared to involve an increase in ROS. In addition, CPF treatment activated...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.02.003

    authors: Ki YW,Park JH,Lee JE,Shin IC,Koh HC

    更新日期:2013-04-26 00:00:00

  • Autophagy mediates bronchial cell malignant transformation induced by chronic arsenic exposure via MEK/ERK1/2 pathway.

    abstract::Chronic exposure to arsenic increases the risk of developing a variety of human cancers including lung carcinomas. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying arsenic carcinogenicity remains largely unknown. Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process for maintaining cellular protein homeostasis whose defects mig...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.006

    authors: Wu L,Wang Z,Li X,He X,Han Y,Chen Y,Liu L,Fu L,Zhang T

    更新日期:2020-10-10 00:00:00

  • Chloroacetonitrile induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in mouse fetal liver.

    abstract::Chloroacetonitrile (CAN) is a disinfection by-product of chlorination of drinking water. The present study was designed to investigate the potential adverse effects of maternal exposure to CAN on fetal liver in mice. Based on an initial dose-response experiment, CAN (25mg/(kgday)) was given orally to pregnant mice at ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.867

    authors: Abdel-Naim AB,Nagy AA,Mohamadin AM,El-Mazar HM,Ahmed AE

    更新日期:2009-10-28 00:00:00

  • Suppression of microsomal cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by fullerenol, a polyhydroxylated fullerene C60.

    abstract::The acute toxicity of fullerenol-1 was determined using mice pretreated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with polyhydroxylated C60 derivatives. The LD50 value of fullerenol-1 was estimated to be 1.2 g/kg. Pretreatments with 0.5 and 1.0 g/kg fullerenol-1 decreased cytochromes P450 and b5 contents, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 red...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(97)00071-4

    authors: Ueng TH,Kang JJ,Wang HW,Cheng YW,Chiang LY

    更新日期:1997-09-19 00:00:00

  • Manganese exposure induces α-synuclein aggregation in the frontal cortex of non-human primates.

    abstract::Aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the brain is a defining pathological feature of neurodegenerative disorders classified as synucleinopathies. They include Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Occupational and environmental exposure to manganese (Mn) is asso...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.12.006

    authors: Verina T,Schneider JS,Guilarte TR

    更新日期:2013-03-13 00:00:00

  • Currently available in vitro methods used in the regulatory toxicology.

    abstract::About two decades ago in vitro mutagenicity tests were adopted as the first in vitro methods in regulatory toxicology. For reasons of animal welfare and better science, many validation studies of various in vitro methods were performed between 1985 and 1995 for their potential to replace the Draize eye irritation test...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(01)00492-1

    authors: Liebsch M,Spielmann H

    更新日期:2002-02-28 00:00:00

  • Acute cadmium chloride administration induces hepatic and renal CYP2A5 mRNA, protein and activity in the mouse: involvement of transcription factor NRF2.

    abstract::Modulation of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenase system by cadmium was investigated in male, adult DBA/2J mice treated with a single dose (16 micromol/kg body weight, i.p.) of cadmium chloride (CdCl2). Total CYP content of liver and kidney microsomes decreased maximally (56% and 85%, respectively) 24 and 18 h, re...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2003.10.029

    authors: Abu-Bakar A,Satarug S,Marks GC,Lang MA,Moore MR

    更新日期:2004-03-21 00:00:00

  • Assessment of tail nerve function in rats chronically exposed to vinyltoluene.

    abstract::In male Sprague-Dawley rats, motor and sensory conduction velocities (MNCV and SNCV) of the tail nerve decreased significantly as a result of oral administration of 400 and 200 mg/kg of 2,5 hexanedione (2,5-HD) once daily, 5 days a week for up to 7 and 15 weeks, respectively; and of whole-body exposure to 300 ppm of v...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(86)90175-x

    authors: Gagnaire F,Nicot T,Zissu D,Bonnet P,de Ceaurriz J

    更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of the toxic mechanism of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol on human chondrocytes by microarray and bioinformatics analysis.

    abstract::T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol (DON) are two representative mycotoxins that are commonly found in cereals and agricultural products. As T-2 toxin and DON are considered the cause of Kashin-Beck disease, a special osteoarticular disease, chondrocytes would be a vital target site for these toxins. To fully understand the ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.12.024

    authors: Yang L,Wang S,Zhao G,Wang X,Guo X

    更新日期:2020-03-15 00:00:00

  • Female reproductive and developmental toxicology: overview and current approaches.

    abstract::In recent years, concern about possible female reproductive and developmental toxicity due to environmental contaminants, such as PCBs, has been growing. Because this area of toxicology had not been emphasized prior to this time, there are many gaps in current knowledge about female developmental and reproductive toxi...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(94)90089-2

    authors: Kamrin MA,Carney EW,Chou K,Cummings A,Dostal LA,Harris C,Henck JW,Loch-Caruso R,Miller RK

    更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00

  • Differential coagulotoxicity of metalloprotease isoforms from Bothrops neuwiedi snake venom and consequent variations in antivenom efficacy.

    abstract::Bothrops (lance-head pit vipers) venoms are rich in weaponised metalloprotease enzymes (SVMP). These toxic enzymes are structurally diverse and functionally versatile. Potent coagulotoxicity is particularly important for prey capture (via stroke-induction) and relevant to human clinical cases (due to consumption of cl...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.08.009

    authors: Sousa LF,Bernardoni JL,Zdenek CN,Dobson J,Coimbra F,Gillett A,Lopes-Ferreira M,Moura-da-Silva AM,Fry BG

    更新日期:2020-10-15 00:00:00

  • The effects of methylmercury on endogenous dopamine efflux from mouse striatal slices.

    abstract::The present study investigated the effects of in vitro methylmercury (MeHg) exposure on endogenous dopamine (DA) efflux from mouse striatal slices. MeHg produced a concentration-dependent increase in the spontaneous efflux of DA which was independent of the availability of Ca2+ in the superfusion medium. The Ca(2+)-de...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(96)03787-3

    authors: Kalisch BE,Racz WJ

    更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00

  • Epicatechin protects the auditory organ by attenuating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity through inhibition of ERK.

    abstract::Cisplatin, a widely used chemotherapeutic drug, causes ototoxicity in a large percentage of patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of epicatechin (EC) as an otoprotective agent to prevent cisplatin toxicity and to investigate the molecular mechanism of EC. The effects of EC on cisplatin-indu...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.09.013

    authors: Lee JS,Kang SU,Hwang HS,Pyun JH,Choung YH,Kim CH

    更新日期:2010-12-15 00:00:00

  • Renal efflux transporter expression in pregnant mice with Type I diabetes.

    abstract::Prior research suggests that sex hormones and metabolic changes, such as obesity and hyperglycemia, can alter renal transporter expression in rodents. The purpose of this study was to characterize the expression of kidney efflux transporters and regulatory transcription factors in response to Type I diabetes and pregn...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2012.04.008

    authors: Yacovino LL,Aleksunes LM

    更新日期:2012-06-20 00:00:00

  • The relationship between itai-itai disease among inhabitants of the Jinzu River basin and cadmium in rice.

    abstract::Women over 50 years of age in 32 cadmium(Cd)-polluted and 16 nonpolluted hamlets were studied. Itai-itai disease patients and proteinuria with glucosuria were used as indices of the effect of Cd on health. Unpolished rice samples were collected from 568 households in the same area and analyzed for Cd. The hamlet's ave...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(83)90236-9

    authors: Nogawa K,Yamada Y,Honda R,Ishizaki M,Tsuritani I,Kawano S,Kato T

    更新日期:1983-07-01 00:00:00

  • Teratogenicity of 2.3.7.8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) in mice.

    abstract::Treatment of pregnant C57BL/6N mice with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF) (0, 250, 500, and 1000 micrograms/kg on gestation day 10 or 0, 10, 30, 50, and 100 micrograms/kg on gestation days 10-13) results in dose-related increases in isolated cleft palates and hydronephrotic kidneys in the offspring. TCDF is tera...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(84)90145-0

    authors: Weber H,Lamb JC,Harris MW,Moore JA

    更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00

  • Lead exposure and changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in man.

    abstract::We have studied the effects of chronic slight to moderate lead exposure on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in normotensive man. Plasma renin activity (PRA), blood angiotensin I (AI) concentration, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and aldosterone concentration were measured in 33 normotensive men, ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0378-4274(85)90096-7

    authors: Campbell BC,Meredith PA,Scott JJ

    更新日期:1985-04-01 00:00:00

  • Metabolism of methyl tert-butyl ether and other gasoline ethers in mouse liver microsomes lacking cytochrome P450 2E1.

    abstract::To reduce the production of pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and other ethers such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) are added to gasoline as oxygenates for more complete combustion. Metabolism of these gasoline ethers is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(98)00389-0

    authors: Hong JY,Wang YY,Bondoc FY,Yang CS,Gonzalez FJ,Pan Z,Cokonis CD,Hu WY,Bao Z

    更新日期:1999-03-08 00:00:00

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon coated onto Fe(2)O(3) particles: assessment of cellular membrane damage and antioxidant system disruption in human epithelial lung cells (L132) in culture.

    abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative effects of Fe(2)O(3), benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and pyrene, alone or in association (B(a)P or pyrene coated onto Fe(2)O(3) particles), in normal human embryonic lung epithelial cells (L132) in culture. We evaluated: (i) membrane integrity, through fatty acid release ...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(00)00231-9

    authors: Garçon G,Shirali P,Garry S,Fontaine M,Zerimech F,Martin A,Hannothiaux MH

    更新日期:2000-09-30 00:00:00

  • Toxicokinetic modeling and its applications in chemical risk assessment.

    abstract::In recent years physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling has found frequent application in risk assessments where PBPK models serve as important adjuncts to studies on modes of action of xenobiotics. In this regard, studies on mode of action provide insight into both the sites/mechanisms of action and the...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(02)00375-2

    authors: Andersen ME

    更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00

  • Harmonization of exposure assessment for food chemicals: the international perspective.

    abstract::The assessment of human exposure to chemicals present in the diet is a rapidly developing discipline. The formulation of the "risk analysis paradigm" by the Codex Alimentarius Commission in 1994 defined the exposure assessment as an essential step of the risk assessment process. This has re-enforced demands to those j...

    journal_title:Toxicology letters

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0378-4274(03)00038-9

    authors: Luetzow M

    更新日期:2003-04-11 00:00:00