Simultaneous identification and quantitation of codeine and morphine in urine by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy.

abstract：:Improvements have been made in recent years in on-site or point-of-care (POC) immunoassay testing devices. We evaluated the DrugCheck 9 cup, a new qualitative visually read, competitive binding, immunoassay cup that measures nine analytes. The study was performed according to the recent National Laboratory Certificati...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Taylor EH,Pizzo P

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanohydrins, also be called cyanoalcohols, are important industrial precursors to carboxylic acids and some amino acids. Acetone cyanohydrin (ACH) and formaldehyde cyanohydrin (glycolonitrile, FCH), which are the typical examples of cyanohydrins, are classified as extremely hazardous substances. As the cyanohydrins c...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Zheng S,Yuan X,Wang W,Liang C,Cao F,Zhang R

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a commonly encountered drug of abuse, has been shown in a variety of studies to cause neurotoxic effects. Because MDMA itself is not neurotoxic, identifying the potential neurotoxic metabolite(s) was of significant importance. Evaluation of urine and plasma concentrations of M...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Valtier S,Phelix CF,Cody JT

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the introduction in 1990, the solid-phase microextraction (SPME) technology has brought significant progress in many fields of forensic sciences due to the versatility of this fast and solventless alternative to conventional extraction techniques. A systematic review about SPME applications in forensic context f...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： De Giovanni N,Marchetti D

更新日期：2020-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:An enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was used to test for opiates (morphine, hydromorphone, and codeine) in extracts of blood, bile, and tissue homogenates. All immunoassay opiate positive specimens were then tested by a reversed-phase liquid chromatographic procedure using electrochemical detection (LCEC...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Hepler BR,Sutheimer C,Sunshine I,Sebrosky GF

更新日期：1984-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We present a method that permits the simultaneous analysis of carbamazepine (CBZ) and its major biotransformation products, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E) and carbamazepine-10,11-dihydroxide (CBZ-diOH), in plasma samples. The method consists of plasma extraction in alkaline medium with NaCl added using chloroform...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Bonato PS,Lanchote VL,de Carvalho D,Achê P

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The National Institute of Standards and Technology (formerly the National Bureau of Standards), in cooperation with the College of American Pathologists (CAP), has certified the concentrations of phencyclidine (PCP) in two new reference materials (RMs). One of these materials is Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1511,...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Tai SS,Christensen RG,Coakley K,Ellerbe P,Long T,Welch MJ

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analytical methods were developed to determine the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in dried bloodstains to provide probative information when allegations of evidence tampering have been made in criminal cases. A simple screening method using ion chromatography to analyze stains was found to be quant...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Miller ML,McCord BR,Martz R,Budowle B

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous measurements of elemental concentrations in liver mitochondria have generally required homogenization and fractionation of liver tissue, a procedure in which it is difficult to rule out ion movement between subcellular units. New techniques involving cryoultramicrotomy of rapidly frozen tissue, high resolutio...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Millette JR,Allenspach AL,Clark PJ,McCauley PT,Washington IS

更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is a psychoactive, synthetic analog of the central nervous system stimulant cathinone. Its recent popularity as a recreational drug in the United States has led to numerous reports to poison control centers across the country. As with other synthetic cathinones, the recreational u...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Wyman JF,Lavins ES,Engelhart D,Armstrong EJ,Snell KD,Boggs PD,Taylor SM,Norris RN,Miller FP

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to drugs and toxins is a major cause for the rising number of emergency department visits each year. Immunoassays are commonly used in the emergency department to provide rapid turnaround time for acute care. The purpose of this study was to compare two automated immunoassay chemistry analyzers to determine w...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Johnson-Davis KL,Thompson CD,Clark CJ,McMillin GA,Lehman CM

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A GC/MS method for the simultaneous determination of morphine, codeine, and O-6-monoacetylmorphine as well as other semisynthetic opiates in urine is described. The method employs 2H6-acetic anhydride to acetylate free hydroxyl groups on all of the opiates. As a result, the same hydrolysis and extraction procedure is ...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Bowie LJ,Kirkpatrick PB

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An analytical method for determining exposure to 2,2'-dichlorodiethyl sulfide (sulfur mustard, HD) has been enhanced. The method is based on the cleavage of adducted HD (protein-hydroxyethylthioethyl esters) to produce thiodiglycol. Following cleavage, a deuterated internal standard is added, and the analytes are extr...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Lawrence RJ,Smith JR,Boyd BL,Capacio BR

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Europe, the compound 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy, Adam), in addition to cannabis, is the most abused illicit drug at all-night "techno" parties. Methods for the determination of MDMA and its metabolites, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymethamphetamine (HMMA), 3,4-dihydroxy-methamphetamine (HHMA), 3,4-methyl...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Helmlin HJ,Bracher K,Bourquin D,Vonlanthen D,Brenneisen R

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The stability of nortriptyline in aqueous solutions containing various concentrations of formaldehyde was investigated. Amitriptyline, as a reaction product, was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) in these experiments. Factors that may contribute to this phenomenon, including pH, formaldehyde c...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Dettling RJ,Briglia EJ,Dal Cortivo LA,Bidanset JH

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditions for the enzymatic hydrolysis of benzodiazepine conjugates were systematically examined. Optimal recovery of the free drugs occurs when 1 mL of urine buffered to pH 4.5 is incubated with 5000 U of Helix pomatia beta-glucuronidase at 56 degrees C for 2 h. Urine specimens containing conjugates of temazepam, ox...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Meatherall R

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Analysis of drugs in hair differs from their analysis in other tissues due to the extended detection window, as well as the opportunity that segmental hair analysis offers for the detection of changes in drug intake over time. The antipsychotic drug chlorprothixene is widely used, but few reports exist on chlorprothix...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Günther KN,Johansen SS,Wicktor P,Banner J,Linnet K

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From a public health point of view, cocaine (COC) presents serious clinical problems and deaths from overdose and lifelong addiction patterns, not to mention its involvement in crime, in the United States. This study subjected rhesus monkeys to one intravenous administration of COC (1 mg/kg), which closely imitates th...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Saady JJ,Bowman ER,Aceto MD

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Abbott TDx Urine Amphetamine/Methamphetamine II fluorescence polarization immunoassay technique was applied to the determination of D-methamphetamine in hemolyzed whole blood. The assay was found to have 100% cross-reactivity with D-methamphetamine and only an 8% cross-reactivity with L-methamphetamine. Whole bloo...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Simonick TF,Watts VW

更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fentanyl is a potent, short-acting narcotic analgesic widely used as a surgical anesthetic and for the control of pain when administered in the form of a transdermal patch. The success of the patch can be attributed to fentanyl's low molecular weight and its highly lipophilic nature, which enables it to be readily abs...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Anderson DT,Muto JJ

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sampling and drug stability in oral fluid (OF) are crucial factors when interpreting forensic toxicological analysis, mainly because samples may not be analyzed immediately after collection, potentially altering drug concentrations. Therefore, the stability of some common drugs of abuse (morphine, codeine, 6-monoacety...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Marchei E,Malaca S,Graziano S,Gottardi M,Pichini S,Busardò FP

更新日期：2020-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxymorphone (OM), a prescription opioid and metabolite of oxycodone, was included in the recently published proposed revisions to the Mandatory Guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. To facilitate toxicological interpretation, this study characterized the time course of OM and its metabolite, noroxymo...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： DePriest AZ,Heltsley R,Black DL,Mitchell JM,LoDico C,Flegel R,Cone EJ

更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Draft guidelines for the use of oral fluid for workplace drug testing are under development by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in cooperation with industry and researchers. Comparison studies of the effectiveness of oral fluid testing versus urine testing are needed to establish ...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Cone EJ,Presley L,Lehrer M,Seiter W,Smith M,Kardos KW,Fritch D,Salamone S,Niedbala RS

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncertainty is an inherent property of all measurements. The magnitude of this uncertainty will determine the number of meaningful digits that should be reported in a measurement result. Several statistical arguments are considered providing evidence that three digit truncated results are more appropriate than two sin...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Gullberg RG

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The relationship between blood cocaine concentrations and pharmacological effects is of both theoretical and practical interest. This study utilized a computer-assisted smoking device for the delivery of three active doses (10, 20, and 40 mg) of cocaine base to seven human volunteers. Doses were administered in an asc...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Jenkins AJ,Keenan RM,Henningfield JE,Cone EJ

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A high-performance liquid chromatographic system based on gradient elution of an alumina packing material coated with polybutadiene is presented. The chromatographic eluent is a mixture of methanol and water, both containing 0.0125M NaOH. The effluent is monitored by photodiode array detection. The system allows detec...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Lambert WE,Meyer E,De Leenheer AP

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heart blood free oxycodone concentrations in oxycodone-related and mixed drug overdose deaths were compared with those found incidentally at autopsy in medical examiner cases. Between 2000 and 2005, 67 oxycodone-positive postmortem cases were identified. Thirty of 67 cases (44.8%) were determined to be drug overdoses....

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Thompson JG,Vanderwerf S,Seningen J,Carr M,Kloss J,Apple FS

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Continuing our previous studies analyzing drugs of abuse in municipal wastewater, a method was developed for the analysis of opiates in wastewater samples using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). Eight opiate drugs and metabolites were analyzed including codeine, hydrocodone, hydro...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Gul W,Stamper B,Godfrey M,Gul SW,ElSohly MA

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A rapid and efficient high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a reversed-phase eluent of methanol-water with butylamine on a silica column was developed for the separation and quantitation of clomipramine (CMI), its demethylated metabolites (desmethyl-clomipramine and didesmethyl-clomipramine [DDCMI]), an...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Coudoré F,Hourcade F,Molinier-Manoukian C,Eschalier A,Lavarenne J

更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report one fatal case of asphyxia caused by leaves of common ivy. Macroscopic examination of the corpse during the autopsy disclosed an incredible quantity of leaves of Hedera helix in the mouth and throat of the decedent. In order to rule out the possibility of poisoning by the toxic saponins contained in the plan...

journal_title：Journal of analytical toxicology

authors： Gaillard Y,Blaise P,Darré A,Barbier T,Pépin G

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00