Abstract:
:DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled with increased methylation levels at some specific genomic regions arises at specific developmental stages and in certain abnormal cells, such as mammalian aging cells and cancer cells as well as some plant epigenetic mutants. Here we provide an overview of this distinct DNA methylation pattern in mammals and plants, and propose that a methylstat, which is a cis-element responsive to both DNA methylation and active demethylation activities and controlling the transcriptional activity of a key DNA methylation regulator, can help to explain the enigmatic DNA methylation patterns in aging cells and cancer cells.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Zhang H,Zhang K,Zhu JKdoi
10.1042/BST20180218subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-08-30 00:00:00pages
997-1003issue
4eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST20180218journal_volume
47pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Much work has gone into understanding the physical basis of the enormous catalytic power of enzymes over the last 50 years or so. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism used by Nature's catalysts to speed chemical transformations remains elusive. DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) has served as a paradigm to study the relat...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0370349
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anaphase B spindle elongation plays an important role in chromosome segregation. In the present paper, we discuss our model for anaphase B in Drosophila syncytial embryos, in which spindle elongation depends on an ip (interpolar) MT (microtubule) sliding filament mechanism generated by homotetrameric kinesin-5 motors ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0391149
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is found in all living organisms. The known polyP functions in eukaryotes range from osmoregulation and virulence in parasitic protozoa to modulating blood coagulation, inflammation, bone mineralization and cellular signalling in mammals. However mechanisms of regulation and even the id...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150213
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal protein aggregation and intracellular or extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins are key events in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system probably contribute to neurodegenerat...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380150
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain development is a tightly controlled process that depends upon differentiation and function of neurons to allow for the formation of functional neural networks. Mutation of genes encoding structural proteins is well recognized as causal for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). Recent studies have shown that aberr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150168
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding sites on human IgG1 for human Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) I, Fc gamma RIIa, Fc gamma RIIb, Fc gamma RIIIa and neonatal FcR have been mapped. A common set of IgG1 residues is involved in binding to all Fc gamma Rs, while Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII utilize distinct sites outside this common set. In ad...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300487
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present paper, we describe multiple levels of cross-talk between the PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt and Ras/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signalling pathways. Experimental data and computer simulations demonstrate that cross-talk is context-dependent and that both pathways can activate or inhibi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110609
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::NO (nitric oxide) is a signal molecule involved in diverse physiological processes in cells which can become very toxic under certain conditions determined by its rate of production and diffusion. Several studies have clearly shown the production of NO in early stages of rhizobia-legume symbiosis and in mature nodules...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0390184
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a sediment organism capable of dissimilatory reduction of insoluble metal compounds such as those of Fe(II) and Mn(IV). This bacterium has been used as a model organism for potential applications in bioremediation of contaminated environments and in the production of energy in microbial f...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120114
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactions involving removal and addition of glucose to N-glycans in the ER (endoplasmic reticulum) are performed in higher eukaryotes by glucosidases I and II and the UDP-glucose:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase respectively. Monoglucosylated N-glycan structures have been implicated in glycoprotein folding or ER quali...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320766
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from experimental studies in animals and from epidemiological studies in humans suggest a link between insulin and cognitive performance. Do these results translate into clinical and therapeutic benefit for people with cognitive impairment? Insulin injected peripherally can readily cross the blood-brain barrier. ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20051037
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animal venoms are recognised as unique biological systems in which to study molecular evolution. Venom use has evolved numerous times among the insects, and insects today use venom to capture prey, defend themselves from predators, or to subdue and modulate host responses during parasitism. However, little is known ab...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20190820
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::In plant and metazoan, Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins play key roles in regulating developmental processes by repression of gene expression. PcG proteins function as multi-protein complexes; among them the best characterized ones are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. PRC2 catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 tri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170576
更新日期:2018-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::The adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix is a dynamic process, mediated by a series of cell-surface and matrix-associated molecules that interact with each other in a spatially and temporally regulated manner. These interactions play a major role in tissue formation, cellular migration and the induction of ad...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320416
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA topology changes dynamically during DNA replication. Supercoiling, precatenation, catenation and knotting interplay throughout the process that is finely regulated by DNA topoisomerases. In the present article, we provide an overview of theoretical and experimental approaches to understand the interplay between va...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120281
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Effective stroke therapies require recanalization of occluded cerebral blood vessels; however, early reperfusion can cause BBB (blood-brain barrier) injury, leading to cerebral oedema and/or devastating brain haemorrhage. These complications of early reperfusion, which result from excess production of ROS (reactive ox...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0341366
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Signalling by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is critical for protecting the host against pathogens. Disruption of these signalling pathways has been implicated in many diseases ranging from infection susceptibility to cancer and autoimmune disease. Understanding how PRRs signal is of critical importance due to t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160459
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Ribonucleic acids are driving a multitude of biological processes where they act alone or in complex with proteins (ribonucleoproteins, RNP). To understand these processes both structural and mechanistic information about RNA is necessary. Due to their conformational plasticity RNA pose a challenge for mainstream stru...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20191080
更新日期:2020-06-30 00:00:00
abstract::Although relatively few G-protein-coupled receptors are Class C, in recent years, this small family of receptors has become a focal point for the discovery of new and exciting allosteric modulators. The mGlu (metabotropic glutamate) receptors are illustrative in the discovery of both positive and/or negative allosteri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320881
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past two decades in research has revealed the importance of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in both monogenic and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). In families, mutations in LRRK2 can cause PD with age-dependent but variable penetrance and genome-wide association studies have found variants of the g...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180462
更新日期:2019-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::African trypanosomes have plastic genomes with extensive variability at the chromosome ends. The genes encoding the expressed major surface protein of the infective bloodstream form stages of Trypanosoma brucei and are located at telomeres. These telomeric expression-site transcription units are turning out to be surp...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0280536
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Regulation of protein synthesis is an important aspect of growth control. RNA polymerase (pol) III plays a key role in this process by catalysing production of tRNA and 5 S rRNA. Growth factors trigger a rapid increase in pol III activity and this is essential for cell proliferation. The transcription factor TFIIIB pl...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320976
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The structural maintenance of chromosomes hinge domain containing protein 1 (SMCHD1) is a large multidomain protein involved in epigenetic gene silencing. Variations in the SMCHD1 gene are associated with two debilitating human disorders, facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) and Bosma arhinia microphthalmia s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200242
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::Insect and mammalian circadian clocks show striking similarities. They utilize homologous clock genes, generating self-sustained circadian oscillations in distinct master clocks of the brain, which then control rhythmic behaviour. The molecular mechanisms of rhythm generation were first uncovered in the fruit fly Dros...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20050957
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glyoxalase- and methylglyoxal-related research has required the development of quantitative and reliable techniques for the measurement of methylglyoxal-derived glycation adducts of protein and DNA. There are also other glycation adducts, oxidation adducts and nitration adducts of proteins and oxidation adducts of DNA...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20140019
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The formation of the translation initiation complex represents the rate-limiting step in protein synthesis. Translation initiation in the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus depends on several translation IFs (initiation factors), some of which have eukaryal but no bacterial counterparts. In the present paper, we rev...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120300
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cell-cycle-co-ordinated initiation of chromosomal replication is highly regulated. The ordered assembly and conformational change of specific proteins at the replication origin are crucial to the process of replication initiation. In Escherichia coli, ATP-DnaA molecules form multimeric complexes with the chromosom...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0360078
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mouse ES (embryonic stem) cells maintain pluripotency with robust proliferation in vitro. ES cells share some similarities with cancer cells, such as anchorage-independent growth, loss of contact inhibition and tumour formation. After differentiation, ES cells lose pluripotency and tumorigenicity. Recent studies showe...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20051522
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Post-translational modification (PTM) of histones has been investigated in eukaryotes for years, revealing its widespread occurrence and functional importance. Many PTMs affect chromatin folding and gene activity. Only recently the occurrence of such modifications has been recognized in bacteria. However, it is unclea...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180488
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::The steroid hormone progesterone regulates many critical aspects of vertebrate physiology. The nuclear receptor for progesterone functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor, directly regulating gene expression. This type of signalling is referred to as the 'genomic' pathway. Nevertheless, progesterone also st...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20110638
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00